Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

FROM TRAINING TO TRANSFORMATION: ELEVATING CAPACITY BUILDING AND VICTIM SUPPORT IN INDIA LEGAL RESPONSES TO CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION

AUTHOR – ALIN ANNA BENNY, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – ALIN ANNA BENNY, FROM TRAINING TO TRANSFORMATION: ELEVATING CAPACITY BUILDING AND VICTIM SUPPORT IN INDIA LEGAL RESPONSES TO CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1078-1083, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

India has robust legal safeguards against offences pertaining to the exploitation of minors for sexual purposes. In addition, the nation is a party to numerous international and regional frameworks and has ratified the majority of significant international conventions pertinent to the fight against the sexual exploitation of minors. In order to comply with its regional and international obligations, India has also progressively adopted and modified national laws pertaining to child sexual exploitation. It is noteworthy to applaud the passage of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act 30 and subsequent modifications to make sure this is gender-neutral. The recently proposed Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Care and Rehabilitation) Bill for 2021, if it becomes law, would be another step in the right direction towards bringing Indian legislation up to date with global norms.31 But there are significant flaws in the bill as well, like the death penalty. The Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Care and Rehabilitation) draft Bill 2021, which is anticipated to be introduced during the winter session of Parliament, has shortcomings that the Indian Leadership Forum Against Trafficking (ILFAT) has pointed out in a letter to the Ministry of Women and Child Development. This paper will examine the main ideas of the bill as well as a few of its shortcomings. 

Keywords Sexual exploitation, Minors, Rehabilitation, Trafficking, Prevention

IMPACT OF PRIVATISATION OF HEALTHCARE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING NATIONS

AUTHOR – SMEEKSHA PANDEY*, DRISHTI KOTIAN** & RISHIKA SHARMA**,

* ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

** STUDENTS AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – SMEEKSHA PANDEY, DRISHTI KOTIAN & RISHIKA SHARMA, IMPACT OF PRIVATISATION OF HEALTHCARE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING NATIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1059-1068, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Privatization is the process of transferring ownership of a business or property from the government to the private sector. The term “privatization” was coined by Peter F. Drucker. ^[1] In his 1955 work “The Role of Government in Education,” American economist Milton Friedman established the theoretical underpinnings for the privatisation of public services and utilities. The concept of privatisation was first put out by American management Peter F. Drucker in his 1968 book The Age of Discontinuity: Guidelines to Our Changing Society; in 1969, E. S.^[2] Upon studying the duties and functions of privatisation, we see that several studies characterize it as either partial or complete. The transition of an institution or organisation from the public sector to the private sector (Avgustyniak, 2010: 36; ACRP, 2012: 1; Graham, 2017: 143). Certain studies define privatisation as the transfer of partial or whole government assets to the private sector (Ramamoorthy, 1992: 225). Other authors on privatisation define it as “the transfer of productive assets to the private sector” (Parker and Kirkpatrick 2003: 50).^[3]

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[1] Dong, L. (2015). Privatization Theory: Inheritance of Instrumental Rationality. In: Public Administration Theories. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137536426_4

[2] Dong, L. (2015). Privatization Theory: Inheritance of Instrumental Rationality. In: Public Administration Theories. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137536426_4

[3] The electronic scientifically and practical journal “Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management”, v.24 (2024) ISSN 2708-3195.

QUEST FOR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AND MISUSE OF WOMEN CENTRIC LAWS

AUTHORS – HARWINDER KAUR* & MR. RISHAV DOGRA**, LLM SCHOLAR* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR** AT UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LAW, SANT BABA BHAG SINGH UNIVERSITY, JALANDHAR

*  HARWINDERPARMAR2002@GMAIL.COM

** DOGRARISHU1993@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – HARWINDER KAUR & MR. RISHAV DOGRA, QUEST FOR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE AND MISUSE OF WOMEN CENTRIC LAWS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1040-1049, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The noble goal of strengthening women and protecting them from various forms of violence, injustice and discrimination led to laws that have expired, especially among women in India. However, over time, There have been worries expressed over the possible abuse of these regulations. To illuminate the complex social realities related to the abuse of Indian women’s policy, this abstract examines the underlying causes, effects and potential solutions. There are many aspects of the abuse of laws that women aim to abuse, and there is no simple solution. While it is important to recognize the frequency of actual cases of gender-specific violence and discrimination, these laws have sometimes been abused for personal interests, retaliation, or resolution of family disputes. Sociocultural elements, the dynamics of power and ignorance, and this issue is exacerbated by sensitivity to gender concerns. Abuse of laws related to women has far more dependent implications. The man and his family had alleged financial difficulties, social humiliation, legal retaliation and false claims. Furthermore, the legality and reliability of these laws were raised questionable, which led to a decline in public confidence in the legal system. Such abuse can mismatch gender-specific prejudices and hinder progress in gender equality in society.

Keywords: Gender Injustice, humiliation, discrimination, repercussions, legal retaliation.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEGAL AGE AND MARRIAGE IN DIFFERENT JURISDICTIONS ; A COMPARISON BETWEEN INDIA AND SUB-SAHARAN COUNTRIES

AUTHOR – ABHINANDHAN H, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – ABHINANDHAN H, A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEGAL AGE AND MARRIAGE IN DIFFERENT JURISDICTIONS ; A COMPARISON BETWEEN INDIA AND SUB-SAHARAN COUNTRIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1035-1039, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This study examines international concerns related to marriage laws, with a particular focus on the legal age of marriage in different nations, and a comparative examination of Indian rules. It looks at the justifications for establishing particular legal marriage ages as well as the sociocultural effects of these laws, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The legal age of marriage in India is normally 18 for women and 21 for men, despite the fact that different religious groups have different marriage laws, such as the Muslim Personal Law and the Hindu Marriage Act (1955). The research emphasizes how difficult it is to oversee a multicultural legal system. The approach taken by India is compared with that of Sub-Saharan African nations, where child marriage is still common even though laws have been passed to set an 18-year-old minimum marriage age. Despite governmental efforts to set a minimum marriage age of 18, child marriage is nevertheless common. Cultural, religious, and economic issues are the reasons behind the continued practice of child marriage in the area. The study uses secondary sources, international agreements, legislation, and doctrinal research methodology to examine the legal systems of Sub-Saharan Africa and India. The results highlight the necessity of enforcing marriage rules more strictly, and they include suggestions for increasing India’s legal marriage age for women and stiffer punishments for those who violate the law by marrying children. The study emphasizes how crucial it is to implement child rights laws consistently and effectively around the world.

ECONOMIC COSTS OF NAXALISM: A STUDY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND INVESTMENT

AUTHOR – AYUSH VIMAL MISHRA & SOHAM PRASHANT JOSHI, STUDENTS AT KES’ SHRI JAYANATILAL H. PATEL LAW COLLEGE

BEST CITATION – AYUSH VIMAL MISHRA & SOHAM PRASHANT JOSHI, ECONOMIC COSTS OF NAXALISM: A STUDY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND INVESTMENT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1006-1009, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Naxalism, also known as Left-Wing Extremism (LWE), has been a major internal security challenge in India for decades. While its political and social impact is widely discussed, its economic consequences, particularly on infrastructure development and investment, require deeper analysis. This study examines how Naxal violence disrupts public infrastructure, discourages domestic and foreign investments, and increases government expenditure on security. Attacks on railways, roads, power grids, and industrial projects have significantly hindered economic growth in Naxal-affected regions. Furthermore, industries and mining operations face threats, extortion, and destruction, leading to capital flight and reduced business opportunities. The research highlights the rising economic burden on the government due to counter-insurgency measures and the diversion of development funds. To mitigate these economic setbacks, a multi-pronged approach involving security measures, infrastructure development, and employment generation is essential. Strengthening governance, improving public services, and encouraging private investment in these regions can help break the cycle of violence and underdevelopment.

Keywords – Naxalism, Left-Wing Extremism (LWE), economic impact, infrastructure damage, investment decline, industrial disruption, mining sector, foreign direct investment (FDI), security expenditure, counter-insurgency, regional underdevelopment, economic growth.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE PAYMENT OF WAGES ACT, 1936

AUTHOR – SHAGUN TIWARI* & MS. ASTHA SRIVASTAVA**, STUDENT* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR** AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL

BEST CITATION – SHAGUN TIWARI & MS. ASTHA SRIVASTAVA, AN ANALYSIS OF THE PAYMENT OF WAGES ACT, 1936, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1021-1029, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

In 1936, the Payment of Wages Act was passed under the British Empire’s colonial administration in India. This includes the social, economic, political, and legal elements that contributed to the need for the Act and the legislation itself. Given the poor working conditions that still exist after many years of independence, it is necessary to study the historical perspective in order to understand the background of the Act, the mischief it sought to address, its scope and object, and the deductions made—both authorised and unauthorised in order to help improve its implementation. From the start of the twentieth century, it became clear that worker incomes needed to be protected. There has always been abuse of these labourers, Workers did not get adequate compensation prior to the 1936 amendment, nor did they receive monetary compensation. However, several laws and regulations were implemented to help the workers following the revision of the Payment of Wages Act. Employers were compelled to pay salaries in cash, and employees were controlled to get equal compensation for equal effort. In 1925, a private measure called the weekly payment bill was introduced in the legislature. However, the administration reassured them that the issue was being thought over, therefore the bill was abandoned. In the past, it was typical for employers to penalise workers by taking twice their salary for missed work.

KEYWORDS: monetary compensation, workers, deductions, legislature, penalise

BREAKING THE SILENCE: THE NEED FOR GENDER-NEUTRAL SEXUAL ASSAULT LAWS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – PRAGNA B, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – PRAGNA B, BREAKING THE SILENCE: THE NEED FOR GENDER-NEUTRAL SEXUAL ASSAULT LAWS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 989-993, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Sexual assault laws in India have historically been framed within a gender-specific context, predominantly recognizing women as victims and men as perpetrators. This binary approach not only simplifies the complex nature of sexual violence but also marginalizes male and transgender victims, leaving them without adequate legal protection. As societal norms evolve and the recognition of diverse gender identities becomes increasingly important, there is a pressing need to reform India’s sexual assault laws to adopt a gender-neutral framework. This paper will explore the limitations of the current legal framework, particularly focusing on the definitions and provisions outlined in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. It will analyze how the existing laws fail to encompass the experiences of all victims, thereby perpetuating harmful stereotypes and denying justice to a significant portion of the population. The discussion will highlight the implications of this exclusion, particularly for male and transgender individuals who often face societal stigma and disbelief when they come forward with their experiences of sexual violence. In addition to examining the Indian context, the paper will draw comparisons with global best practices in sexual assault legislation. It will highlight how countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have successfully implemented gender-neutral laws that recognize both male and female victims, providing a more comprehensive approach to addressing sexual violence. The paper will also address the resistance against gender-neutral laws within India, particularly from certain activist groups who fear that such reforms may dilute the protections currently afforded to women. It will critically assess these concerns, arguing that the push for gender-neutral sexual assault laws is not a challenge to women’s rights but rather a vital step toward achieving comprehensive justice for all survivors.

Keywords:Gender-neutral laws, sexual violence, legal reform, LGBTQ+ rights, Indian judiciary, male victims, transgender rights, societal norms, legal protections.

CORPORATE MANSLAUGHTER: A CASE FOR CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATE ENTITIES IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SHIVANESH RAM R R, LLM SCHOLAR AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – SHIVANESH RAM R R, CORPORATE MANSLAUGHTER: A CASE FOR CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATE ENTITIES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1010-1020, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Corporate manslaughter refers to the criminal liability of corporations for deaths resulting from their gross negligence, recklessness, or failure to adhere to safety regulations. The absence of a specific legal framework in India to impose criminal liability on corporations for such offenses has led to ambiguities in judicial interpretations and inconsistent enforcement. This paper critically examines the concept of corporate manslaughter, its jurisprudential evolution, and the limitations of the existing Indian legal framework under the Indian Penal Code, Companies Act, and environmental laws. It further explores novel legal and theoretical approaches to establish corporate criminal liability and proposes a structured model for a corporate manslaughter law in India. Through case studies, comparative analysis, and policy recommendations, this research highlights the urgent need for a robust legal mechanism to ensure corporate accountability for preventable deaths.

DRIVING CHANGE: HOW AUTOMATION RESHAPES THE AUTO INDUSTRY WORKFORCE

AUTHOR– ROHAN S. & RYDGE RALPH, STUDENTS AT AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – ROHAN S. & RYDGE RALPH, DRIVING CHANGE: HOW AUTOMATION RESHAPES THE AUTO INDUSTRY WORKFORCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 997-1005, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Automation is changing the automotive industry by using technologies like robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning in manufacturing and supply chains. The goal is to increase productivity, improve quality, and lower costs. However, this shift raises concerns about job loss, outdated skills, and the need for reskilling. Workers fear losing job security, facing stagnant wages, and losing control over their careers, while employers see automation as a way to boost efficiency, ensure consistent output, and stay competitive.

Adapting to automation requires workforce planning, reskilling programs, and inclusive decision-making. The balance between technology and employee welfare depends on labour laws, industry standards, and societal expectations. This paper explores how automation impacts the automotive workforce, addressing challenges like skill shortages and job displacement while highlighting benefits like efficiency and safety. Insights from reports like the Centre for Automotive Research (CAR) and the 7th Annual State of Smart Manufacturing Report are used to propose strategies for maintaining workforce stability while fostering growth.

Index Terms: Automation, Automotive Industry, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Reskilling, Workforce, Productivity, Job Displacement, Technology, Efficiency, Labour Laws.

CHALLENGES IN THE REGULATION OF MONEY LAUNDERING IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – ARYAN MENDIRATTA, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – ARYAN MENDIRATTA, CHALLENGES IN THE REGULATION OF MONEY LAUNDERING IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 994-996, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article critically examines the challenges in regulating money laundering in India, focusing on the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). The article highlights interpretational shifts, procedural complexities, and the balance between effective enforcement and individual rights, offering a nuanced understanding of India’s anti-money laundering framework.