Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

REDEFINING JUSTICE: AN EXAMINATION OF GENDER-NEUTRAL SEXUAL OFFENSE LAWS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – LAVISHA B DHELARIA & VINAYAK GANGSHETTY, STUDENTS AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – LAVISHA B DHELARIA & VINAYAK GANGSHETTY, REDEFINING JUSTICE: AN EXAMINATION OF GENDER-NEUTRAL SEXUAL OFFENSE LAWS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 989-993, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), India’s criminal code, exhibits significant gender bias, particularly in its handling of rape laws. The BNS defines rape exclusively as a crime against women, excluding men and non-binary individuals from legal recognition and protection. This gender-specific definition neglects the reality of sexual violence faced by males and non-binary persons, resulting in a substantial gap in justice and support for these victims. Additionally, the BNS does not recognize marital rape as a crime, perpetuating the outdated notion of implied consent within marriage and leaving married women without adequate legal protection against spousal sexual violence. The legal framework also fails to address scenarios where women are perpetrators of sexual violence, inadequately protecting male victims from such acts. This oversight, compounded by societal stigma and the lack of legal recognition, leads to underreporting and non-prosecution of sexual violence cases perpetrated by women or transgender individuals. Furthermore, support systems available are primarily designed for female survivors, making them inadequate or inaccessible for others. A comparative analysis of international rape laws reveals more inclusive approaches in countries like the United Kingdom and Canada, where rape is defined in a gender-neutral manner, recognizing all individuals as potential victims. To rectify these biases, it is recommended that the BNS be amended to include a gender-neutral definition of rape, recognize marital rape, and develop legal provisions to address sexual violence committed by women.

Keywords: Gender Bias, Marital Rape, Male and Non-Binary Survivors, Legal Reforms, Rape

PARTITION UNDER HINDU LAW – THE IMPACT OF THE 2005 AMENDMENT ON DAUGHTER’S INHERITANCE RIGHTS ; A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER THE AMENDMENT

AUTHOR – MANJENI J* & DR. P. BRINDA**, LLM SCHOLAR* & ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR**, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, TNDALU.

BEST CITATION – MANJENI J & DR. P. BRINDA, PARTITION UNDER HINDU LAW – THE IMPACT OF THE 2005 AMENDMENT ON DAUGHTER’S INHERITANCE RIGHTS ; A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER THE AMENDMENT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 981-988, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

Partition under Hindu law refers to the division of joint family property among its members, bringing an end to the Hindu Undivided Family (HUF). It is primarily governed by the Mitakshara and Dayabhaga Schools of Hindu Law and the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, as amended in 2005. Partition can be carried out through mutual agreement, notice, legal suit, orconduct that signifies division. It can be total (where the joint family dissolves entirely) or partial (where some members separate while others remain joint). Upon partition, each member acquires independent ownership of their respective shares, and the rule of survivorship ceases to apply. This paper explores the nature, types, legal provisions, and consequences of partition under Hindu law while analyzing its impact on the traditional and modern inheritance system.

CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY IN INDIA: EVALUATING THE IBC’S FRAMEWORK IN LIGHT OF THE UNCITRAL MODEL LAW

AUTHOR – ROSHINI PARAMESHWARI S, LLM SCHOLAR (CORPORATE AND COMMERCIAL LAW) AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – ROSHINI PARAMESHWARI S, CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY IN INDIA: EVALUATING THE IBC’S FRAMEWORK IN LIGHT OF THE UNCITRAL MODEL LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 969-980, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Cross-border insolvency has emerged as a key challenge in the globalized economy, necessitating a robust legal framework to handle multinational corporate failures. India’s Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, provides a comprehensive mechanism for domestic insolvency but lacks a dedicated provision for cross-border insolvency. In contrast, the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (1997) has been widely adopted as an international standard to facilitate recognition, cooperation, and coordination of insolvency proceedings across jurisdictions.

This article examines India’s existing approach to cross-border insolvency under the IBC, comparing it with the principles of the UNCITRAL Model Law. It also explores landmark insolvency cases, such as Jet Airways, highlighting the practical implications of India’s current framework. The study concludes by assessing India’s proposed amendments and recommending steps for a more effective cross-border insolvency regime.

DEFICIENCIES IN THE INDIAN LAND REVENUE SYSTEM AND INEFFICIENCIES IN THE LAND APPROVAL PROCESSES

AUTHOR – V YASH JAIN, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – V YASH JAIN, DEFICIENCIES IN THE INDIAN LAND REVENUE SYSTEM AND INEFFICIENCIES IN THE LAND APPROVAL PROCESSES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 961-968, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

INTRODUCTION

Land is one of the most critical resources for any economy, serving as a foundational element for various sectors, including agriculture, industry, housing, and infrastructure development. In India, where nearly half of the population relies on agriculture for their livelihood, the importance of land extends beyond mere economic value. It holds profound cultural, historical, and social significance, acting as a source of identity and community for millions. Land is often intertwined with traditions, livelihoods, and even spiritual beliefs, making it a key element in the fabric of Indian society.

Despite its vital role, the Indian land revenue system has been fraught with deficiencies that hinder effective land governance and management. This system is responsible for collecting revenue from landowners, maintaining land records, and ensuring equitable access to land resources. However, the framework that governs land revenue is outdated, often characterized by archaic laws, inefficient processes, and bureaucratic red tape. Many states still rely on colonial-era regulations that fail to reflect the realities of modern land use and ownership, resulting in a disconnect between legal frameworks and ground realities.

A STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA – A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

AUTHOR – P. GODHAWARI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT VELS SCHOOL OF LAW, CHENNAI. EMAIL ID: godhawariperumal1997@gmail.com

BEST CITATION – P. GODHAWARI, A STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA – A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 955-960, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

                The concept of corporate governance encompasses the rules, regulations, and practices that guide the administration and control of corporations, ensuring transparency, fairness, and accountability in interactions with stakeholders such as shareholders, employees, and regulators. A strong corporate governance framework promotes economic stability, protects shareholder interests, and boosts investor confidence. In India, corporate governance has evolved significantly due to economic reforms, regulatory changes, and global best practices. Initially hindered by government-controlled industries and family-owned businesses, India’s corporate governance system was reformed after the 1991 economic liberalization, necessitating stronger governance mechanisms to enhance transparency and credibility in the newly opened markets. In this article, we are going to know the evolution of corporate governance in India by analysing the Companies Act, 2013, SEBI and other regulatory bodies rules.

“ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI INTEGRATION IN LEGAL PRACTICE: A STUDY”

AUTHOR – MS. TANISHKA SHARMA, STUDENT AT SVKM’S NMIMS NAVI MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – MS. TANISHKA SHARMA, “ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI INTEGRATION IN LEGAL PRACTICE: A STUDY”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 945-954, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the legal field presents both unprecedented opportunities and many ethical challenges, especially because of the lack of a regulatory framework. This paper explores the implications of AI on Attorney- Client privilege, examining whether AI systems are bound by the same legal repercussions and protections as human lawyers, particularly in the context of confidentiality. The one question that arises when it comes to AI is that whether AI is bound by the same code of ethics as human attorneys or not, this paper explores that aspect as well and also on who should be held liable in case of violation of these ethics. It is essential to look into that aspect as well to determine the accountability and liability of both lawyers and AI model. In this fast-paced world where technology is rapidly taking over it is essential to clarify the responsibilities and liabilities associated with AI adoption. Lastly, the paper also delves into ethical and legal imperatives for AI in this rapidly evolving technological world.

 It is essential to develop a regulatory framework that ensures responsible AI integration, especially as AI is slowly yet surely becoming integral to legal practice as well. This paper aims to provide proper insights to the complex interplay between AI and legal ethics. Ultimately this research aims to provide a better understanding of implication of AI in Integration in legal practice. It also endeavours to provide better insights on responsible integration of AI to uphold the integrity of the profession and to protect the interest of clients.

Keywords- Attorney-client privilege, confidentiality, AI, ethics

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW, STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MECHANISMS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – PUNARVA U, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BANGALORE

BEST CITATION – PUNARVA U, INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW, STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MECHANISMS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 938-944, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This study critically explores the idea of state responsibility within the context of international human rights law and evaluates the efficiency of international legal mechanisms for accountability. It delves into the historical growth of state accountability, and assesses the role of key international organizations, such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the International Criminal Court (ICC), and regional human rights organizations, in holding states accountable for human rights breaches. The study focuses on the limitations of international legal systems in holding states accountable for human rights violations, emphasizing the need for deeper institutional reforms and political commitment to improve enforcement. By analyzing recent case studies and judicial decisions, the paper demonstrates both the strengths and limitations of existing legal systems for addressing state violations of international responsibilities.  It further explores how individuals have increasingly become direct enforcers of human rights principles as legal frameworks evolve. By highlighting flaws in the current system, this study emphasizes the need for a stronger and universally applicable mechanism for maintaining state accountability in international legal order. The study finishes by asking for enhanced global cooperation, judicial independence, and the establishment of stronger accountability systems to ensure that human rights protections are not undercut by political considerations.

Keywords: Accountability Mechanisms, International Human Rights Law, International Legal Enforcement, Sovereignty Challenges, State Responsibility.

IMPACT OF CYBER SECURITY LEGISLATIONS IN INDIA ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SCIENCES

AUTHOR – AYUSH AVINASH DAVE, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – AYUSH AVINASH DAVE, IMPACT OF CYBER SECURITY LEGISLATIONS IN INDIA ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SCIENCES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 930-937, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

AUTHOR

The emergence of the digital era has fundamentally reshaped the very fabric of the society, leading to a paradigm shift in the commission of illicit actions. This transformation includes how people shift and carry out unlawful actions within this technologically enriched milieu. The Information Technology Act (IT), 2000 serves as the cornerstone and provides a legal infrastructure in molding the terrain of criminal investigations and justice with the rise of the digital era. Further, it outlines the violations and provides a sturdy framework for the legal pursuit of cybercrimes. The IT Act is responsible for examining the wide landscape of legal definitions, investigation procedures, data protection and further provides a legal backbone in order to deal with cybercrimes. However, in the dynamic evolution of this legislation to mitigate emerging cyber threats, a simultaneous surfacing of challenge ensues. At the present moment cyber security and criminology lack collaboration which leads to 2 major challenges. Firstly, Cross border cybercrime prosecution presents challenges to international collaboration. Cybersecurity regulations play a crucial role in fostering global partnerships to counter cross-border cyber threats. This is particularly vital in criminal science due to the international nature of cybercrime, by necessitating coordinated efforts in an interconnected world. The second issue involves the ethical aspects of safeguarding data and addressing privacy concerns. This includes balancing cybersecurity imperatives with individual rights, the consequences for victim protection and general ethical issues within the criminal science framework. This paper focuses on providing nuanced study on the growing relationship between cybersecurity laws and criminal sciences by addressing the inherent challenges posed by the transnational scope of cybercrimes while also simultaneously understanding how legal frameworks that protect victims fall short, failing to consistently succeed and how it can be further improved by introducing effective changes and provisions to the law in India.

Keywords: Data protection, cyber security, IT, investigation.

GLOBAL SYNERGIES AND LOCAL REALITIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT

AUTHOR – MUDIL AGRAWAL, STUDENT AT CHRIST DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY, BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – MUDIL AGRAWAL, GLOBAL SYNERGIES AND LOCAL REALITIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 919-929, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) play a crucial role in the global economy, in promoting growth, creativity, and providing competitive advantage for international companies. In India, a country with a thriving economy and a positive investment environment, cross-border M&As present great possibilities along with complicated obstacles. This research article explores the contrast between worldwide collaborations and domestic circumstances in India, offering a thorough evaluation of international M&A transactions that influence the country’s economy.
India’s attractiveness for cross-border M&As is highlighted by its varied market, expanding middle class, and important position as a global technology centre. Yet, the complexities are increased by legal and regulatory hurdles in India, cultural disparities, and post-merger integration complications. This research examines the operational, financial, and strategic advantages that these deals offer Indian and multinational companies, while also evaluating the specific challenges that arise in the Indian setting.
By thoroughly examining key research and industry information, this article spotlights the main factors propelling and impeding India’s cross-border M&A activity. It emphasizes the impact of Indian policies on foreign investments and how regulatory frameworks affect M&A activities. In conclusion, this study stresses the significance of harmonizing international business strategies with India’s distinctive domestic factors and highlights the responsibility of policymakers and business executives in utilizing the impactful possibilities of cross-border M&As for lasting development.

Key words: 1. Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As), 2. Regulatory Framework, 3. Foreign Investment, 4. Post-merger Integration, 5. Economic Growth

IMPACT OF ONLINE DEFAMATION DEPEND ON SOCIAL MEDIA

AUTHOR – MR. MD JIYAUDDIN & DR. SUNITA BANERJEE, ASSISTANT PROFESSORS OF LAW, VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR. SAGUNTHALA R&D INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BEST CITATION – MR. MD JIYAUDDIN & DR. SUNITA BANERJEE, IMPACT OF ONLINE DEFAMATION DEPEND ON SOCIAL MEDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 912-918, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The internet has transformed the basic right to freedom of speech and expression by acting as a worldwide computer network. In the days before the internet, it was a luxury for very few people to write an essay, book, or poetry and have it published. That time period prevented the masses from using their right to free speech and expression in its fullest sense. In contrast, the internet serves as a worldwide platform for communication. In front of a worldwide audience, it offers its netizens countless chances and forms of expression. The worldwide platform for the basic right to freedom of speech and expression is incredibly democratic and incredibly user-friendly. The internet’s important properties of anonymity and invisibility encourage speech and expression without fear. The internet can be used and abused just as effectively as it can be used as a communication and expression medium. Defamation is the deliberate dissemination of false information that damages another person’s reputation or good name, whether by writing or public speech. Defamation encompasses the common law torts of slander, which involves spoken comments, and libel, which involves written or printed claims. It is noteworthy that slander and libel may both be perpetrated online.

Keywords: Right to freedom of speech and expression, Democratic, Reputation, Dissemination and Defamation.