Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA

AUTHOR- ANU YADAV, STUDENT AT KES’ SHRI JAYANTILAL H. PATEL LAW COLLEGE, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – ANU YADAV, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1239-1244, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

 Violence against women in India refers to acts of sexual or physical abuse, usually carried out by men, against Indian women.  In India, common types of violence against women include sexual assault, domestic abuse, and murder.  There have been reports of violence against women in India, including rape, acid throwing, dowry killings, honor killings, and forced prostitution of young girls.  According to police records in India, The percentage of crime rate against women in India has increased. This brutal type of assault and disfigurement can affect women of any class, caste, creed, or religion.  Any form of abuse that poses a threat to women is regarded as domestic violence in India; this includes sexual, psychological, and physical abuse of any partner, past or present.  The Dowry Prohibition Act, passed by the Indian government in 1961, outlawed dowry demands in wedding contracts.  Nonetheless, there have been several reports of homicides, suicides, and domestic abuse linked to dowries.  Many of these occurrences were documented in the 1980s.

Key Words – Violence, right, Domestic violence, Dowry, Rape, protection, human, women.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MATERNITY BENEFIT LAWS ACROSS DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

AUTHOR – PRIYA. C, SCHOLAR AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI – 600113, MAIL: CP1794856@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – PRIYA. C, COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MATERNITY BENEFIT LAWS ACROSS DIFFERENT COUNTRIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1232-1239, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

     Maternity benefits are necessary to safeguard the financial security and health of working mothers and their children.  However, maternity benefit regulations in different countries differ significantly in terms of the duration of leave, wage compensation, employer obligations, and government support.  This study analyzes the maternity benefit policies of various nations, with a focus on developed and emerging economies.  In countries such as Sweden, Canada, and the UK, significant paid maternity and parental leave, often funded by the government, ensures mothers financial stability. On the other hand, the United States is the only developed nation without a federally mandated paid maternity leave program. Rather, unpaid leave is provided by the FMLA.  On the other hand, while developing nations like India provide extensive maternity leave, they also place a financial burden on businesses, which may result in hiring practices that discriminate against women.  The report also highlights significant challenges, including ignorance, budgetary constraints, and the exclusion of unorganized sector workers from maternity benefits. This study looks at global trends, finds best practices, and recommends policy reforms to increase employer involvement, prolong government-funded maternity leave, and promote shared parental leave in order to improve gender equality. Adopting universal maternity benefit standards might significantly improve the wellbeing of mothers and children while also fostering a more diverse and equitable workforce worldwide.

Keywords: Maternity benefit, working mothers, global trends.

SAFEGUARDING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF GAME DESIGNERS AND DEVELOPERS: A FOCUS ON COPYRIGHT AND PATENT PROTECTION

AUTHOR – APURBA DAS, LLM SCHOLAR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – APURBA DAS, SAFEGUARDING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF GAME DESIGNERS AND DEVELOPERS: A FOCUS ON COPYRIGHT AND PATENT PROTECTION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1216-1231, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The gaming industry has seen great development, and hence, the related issues of safeguarding Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) have sprung up for game designers and game developers. This study highlights the overall importance of copyright and patent protection as the legal mechanism that reinforces creators’ rights, as well as other relevant rights, within this creative industry. Gaming also entails different illustration elements such as narratives, characters, music, and technology work, and therefore, multiple IP protection class applies: copyright, patents, and trademarks.

Protecting the rights to ownership of these properties is important in itself, but it is a basis for an environment that encourages innovation and investment. Additionally, it also ensures that developers, especially independent ones, do not have to worry about their work being infringed or plagiarized. The broader objective of this research is to deconstruct the efficiency of both copyright and patent laws, examine legal hurdles associated with an infringement of IP, and provide measures to enhance the protection of IP applied to gaming, which encompasses digital piracy and artificial intelligence-generated content.

The paper will also discuss the rise of blockchain technology and NFTs and their new opportunities for ownership verification as well as their legal problems, in particular, unauthorized tokenization of assets. IP law disparity between jurisdictions in the commission of the enforcement requires global harmonization of IP laws. In general, the future of gaming IP protection will depend on its multifaceted approach based on tight legal grounds and activity by the developers. Keywords: Intellectual Property Rights, Copyright laws, Patent laws, Blockchain, NFTs, Digital Piracy, Artificial Intelligence, AI generated content.

HEALTHCARE CHALLENGES AND INEQUITIES IN THE LGBTQ+ COMMUNITY

AUTHOR – VAISHNAVI SALUNKE & PRIYANSHI VORA, STUDENTS AT KES SHRI JAYANTILAL H. PATEL LAW COLLEGE

BEST CITATION – VAISHNAVI SALUNKE & PRIYANSHI VORA, HEALTHCARE CHALLENGES AND INEQUITIES IN THE LGBTQ+ COMMUNITY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1211-1215, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

People who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ+) come from diverse backgrounds. They represent all races, ethnicities, religions, and social classes, making the LGBTQ+ community an important and integral part of society. Despite growing acceptance in some areas, LGBTQ+ individuals still face unique challenges that affect their physical, emotional, and mental well-being. Studies have shown that they are at a higher risk for certain health issues compared to their heterosexual peers. Some of these risks are linked to sexual health, but many are a direct result of broader social and structural problems. LGBTQ+ individuals often experience discrimination in healthcare settings, education, workplaces, and even within their own families, leading to increased stress and anxiety. Many also face rejection, isolation, or violence, which can contribute to depression and other mental health struggles.

Additionally, systemic inequities continue to limit access to quality healthcare, education, and job opportunities for LGBTQ+ people, deepening social and economic disparities. Transgender individuals encounter significant obstacles when seeking gender-affirming medical care, while LGBTQ+ youth are more likely to face bullying and harassment in school, increasing their risk of dropping out.

Understanding these issues is crucial for fostering a more inclusive and supportive society. By addressing discrimination, promoting equal rights, and improving access to healthcare, mental health services, and resources, society can help ensure that LGBTQ+ individuals receive the support, protection, and respect they deserve. Laws and policies that protect LGBTQ+ rights, along with education and awareness programs, play a key role in creating a safer and more accepting environment for all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity.

Keywords: LGBTQ, Health, Ignorance, Society, Life, Mental Health, Physical Health

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF BERLIN CONFERENCE, 1885 ON TERRITORIAL DISPUTES AMONG AFRICAN COUNTRIES

AUTHOR – INBATHAMIZHAN K, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – INBATHAMIZHAN K, A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPACT OF BERLIN CONFERENCE, 1885 ON TERRITORIAL DISPUTES AMONG AFRICAN COUNTRIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1197-1210, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

     The colonial countries which means the western European countries had made lots of tragedy to the countries they were colonized. There are lots of countries have been affected in colonial period. There are lots of exploitation, slavery, human trafficking, force labour were common thing in those period. There lots of important event took place in this period. Once of such event is Berlin conference in 1885. The purpose of the conference was to solve the territorial disputes in Africa regarding to safeguard the interests of European countries and establishment of colonies in Africa with proper borders. Impact of the Berlin conference ended in Scramble Of Africa. Those persons who never ever visited the African continent were drawn lines in the map of Africa and established territorial borders for African countries. The territorial separation leads to various border disputes, ethnic conflicts, genocides, etc. Reason for these conflicts is that scramble was done only on basis to protect the interest of the European countries and not on the basis of geography and ethnic and tribal difference. The ethnic and tribal difference leads to lot of territorial disputes between various African countries. This research paper going to analysis about background for Berlin conference and it’s impacts on the various territorial disputes in Africa which has sole reason is Berlin conference using historical and quantitative method by analysing scholarly writing, legal documents, case laws and other governmental records.

KEYWORDS – Berlin West African Conference 1884-1885, Colonialism, Scramble for Africa, Congo basin, River Congo, River Niger, River Nile, River Zambezi, free trade, principle of effective occupation, principle of sphere of influence.

A RESEARCH PAPER ON ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND OFFENCES AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN – A STUDY OF THE CLAUSES AND REFORMS UNDER BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA (BNS)

AUTHOR – K.S.MADHUMATHI, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE ) UNIVERSITY, BANGLORE

BEST CITATION – K.S.MADHUMATHI, A RESEARCH PAPER ON ACCESS TO JUSTICE AND OFFENCES AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN – A STUDY OF THE CLAUSES AND REFORMS UNDER BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA (BNS), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1187-1196, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Women have all the rights and privileges in every areas as possessed by the men. The Constitution of India has given equal rights, privileges and freedom that are enjoyed by the men for many years.  In ancient period women held a respectful position in society, but later on they lost their high place due to drastic changes in socio, political and economic environment.  In present scenario, Women and children’s safety and security are a significant issue, with many real incidents and assault reported each year.  National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) reported that the number of cases of offences against women being registered have been on rise   from 228650 in 2011 to 445256 in 2022. 

     But gender biases and gender-based discrimination are still exist. The child sex ratio of India is 1020, the female literacy rate is about 70.3 percent, which is 14.4 percent less as compared to the male, the rate of child marriage is 27.3 percent and India’s global gender gap index is 64.1 per cent, which leads the country to rank 129th out of 146 countries in 2024. Every 16 minutes, a woman is raped in India, and the crime rate per lakh women population rose to 66.4 in 2022 from 64.5 in 2021. In 2022, the majority of crimes against women were categorized as cruelty by the husband or his relatives (31.4 ..
followed by kidnapping and abduction (19.2%), assault with intent to outrage modesty (18.7%), and rape (7.1).

A STUDY ON WORKPLACE SAFETY OF EMPLOYEE IN FACTORIES

(RISK PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT)

AUTHOR – ABINAYAA. V, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, MAIL ID: ABINAYAAVENKATESWARAN@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – ABINAYAA. V, A STUDY ON WORKPLACE SAFETY OF EMPLOYEE IN FACTORIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1182-1186, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

In terms of industrial conditions, such as fires, chemical accidents and defect in mechanism, workers’ safety is the main priority. To ensure a safe working environment, a systematic approach to risk management and prevention is required. This article describes an important way to evaluate risks and to reduce risks in a workplace, such as strict devotion and protection equipment for safety rules. Employees’ perceptions and education are an important component of security at work. It can significantly reduce accidents by preparing for regular safety exercises, careful operation and emergency response of machines. It also improves the safety of the workplace by creating modern security technologies such as automatic monitoring systems and personal protection equipment. Maintaining factory security standards mainly depends on regulatory requirements. In order to protect workers from possible risks, the Government and Business Association complies with professional security safety rules. The risk management initiative is further strengthened by stimulating work culture with security that actively contributes to risk prevention. The factory can reduce injuries at work, increase productivity, increase employee wells, emphasize security measures, and encourage prior attitudes in risk prevention. In addition to fulfilling legal obligations, investments in employee security contribute to long-term success in business. Keywords: Employee, Safety, Risk Management, Factories.

NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY

AUTHOR – SAKINA & NIRMIT SUTRALE, STUDENTS AT KES LAW COLLEGE

BEST CITATION – SAKINA & NIRMIT SUTRALE, NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1175-1181, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The Bharat education system rooted Indian ethos. Education in India played a crucial role thought out Indian civilization. Influenced by religion, tradition, philosophical, furthermore by foreign invasion, colonial rule and global modern trends. Education system in Indian society was evolved over centuries form Vedic period (1500 BCE -600BCE) that had gurukul system where student used live with their respective guru for example gurukul of sage Sandipan ashram located Ujjain that taught lord Krishna, Sudama and Balarama they usually taught Vedas, Upanishads, philosophy, Sanskrit, mathematics astronomy and ethics. After that Buddhist and Jain education era that followed form (600 BCE TO 1200 BCE) that lead to rise of logic, medicine, law, Grammer, arts. Also, first universities Nalanda and Takahashi were created. Followed by classical and medieval period (200 CE-1200CE) which lead to expansion, advancement in learning center like Vikram Shila, vallabhi, odantapuri. Also, scholar like Aryabhata, charka and panini made significant. Later influence of foreign invasion upon the arrival of Islamic rule that create madrasas and maktabs revolving around Islamic and Persian education.  Ancient Indian education majorly focused on encompassing growth aimed at morals, intellectual, spiritual growth as well as discipline, dharma centric learning.

1757- 1947 a major shift in Indian education was observed signifying transmute. During colonial rule traditional learning decline and rise of western style education system. Major education reform under British rule form charter act of 1813 which allowed missionaries Christian education. To saddler commission (1917-1919) advocated 12-years school system, promoted women’s and emphasized on vocational and technical learning.

THE ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN ERADICATING CORRUPTION IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION ACT, 1988

AUTHOR – KAVIN R, ADVOCATE AND INDEPENDENT AUTHOR

BEST CITATION – KAVIN R, THE ROLE OF JUDICIARY IN ERADICATING CORRUPTION IN INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION ACT, 1988, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1168-1174, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

                The judiciary should take the lead and take the required actions to stop the corruption threat as the public no longer has trust in politicians or the current system. Regretfully, it has spread to the country judiciary as well. Although the despite the fact that corruption has crept into the judiciary, Indians continue to place their trust in the legal system for unclear reasons. The popular perception of the Indian judiciary is heavily hazy. On the surface, though, it appears to represent the precarious nature of India’s democracy. Recent research suggests that this level of uncertainty has grown. However, the Supreme Courts and High Courts use of the judicial review concept and judicial activism is a positive indication that the shortcomings may be corrected. The public awareness, which is the only justification for demanding human rights, the right to openness and good governance, and the right to be free from corruption, led to the Supreme Court of India becoming the Supreme Court for Indians. In this regard, the Supreme Court has made it extremely apparent by its actions that the law is supreme above every individual.

Keywords: Corruption, Judicial power, Scams, Prevention of Corruption Act, Judiciary independence

MENSTRUAL HYGIENE: A VITAL STEP TOWARDS GIRL CHILD EMPOWERMENT!

AUTHOR – ADV. SIDDHI GOKULDAS NAIK, ADVOCATE/ ASST.PROF IN LAW AT V.M.SALGAONCAR COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – ADV. SIDDHI GOKULDAS NAIK, MENSTRUAL HYGIENE: A VITAL STEP TOWARDS GIRL CHILD EMPOWERMENT!, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1161-1167, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

INTRODUCTION

“Menstruation is the only blood that is not born from violence, yet it is the one that disgusts us the most!”

-Maia Schwartz

Adolescence is the phase of transformation from puberty to adulthood. Menstruation is a naturally occurring phenomenon in a woman’s reproductive life that marks the beginning of her sexual years. Also termed as Menses, Menstrual Cycle, or Period, it is the monthly discharge of blood from the vagina of a woman. Despite being a significant event in a woman’s life, it continues to remain a monthly challenge for millions of young girls around the globe including India, thereby having a drastic impact on their health, education, and daily life. To understand the whole scenario, we need to first know the basic aspects concerning Menstruation.