Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

CHALLENGING THE SILENCE: MARITAL RAPE AND GENDER JUSTICE IN INDIA

AUTHOR – VARSHANA V C, STUDENT (LAW) AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – VARSHANA V C, CHALLENGING THE SILENCE: MARITAL RAPE AND GENDER JUSTICE IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 198-211, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/LREC7876

ABSTRACT

Marital rape is still one of the most contested and least addressed forms of violence against women in India. Even though there is now a global admission of sexual autonomy within marriage, Indian law still gives statutory immunity to husbands via Exception 2 of Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, which provides a husband with legal immunity from being prosecuted for non-consensual sexual intercourse with adult wives. This essay examines conceptual, legal, constitutional, and socio-cultural aspects of marital rape in India and the gap between statutory immunity and gender justice. The study uses an interdisciplinary methodology that combines doctrinal analysis of statutory law, judicial pronouncements, and constitutional provisions with empirical evidence drawn from nationally representative survey data, scholarly articles, and reports from international and national agencies.The study also assesses India’s responsibilities under international human rights commitments, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). Findings suggest that marital rape exists and remains underreported due to the influence of gender-based social norms, pervasive loopholes, and stigma in society. The recommendations also identify Constitutional contradictions in retaining the exception for marital rape under Articles 14, 15, and 21 that highlights the disjunction between India’s Constitutional commitments versus existing laws. The study presents an exhaustive set of recommendations, which include advocacy for the legislative repeal of the exception for marital rape, judicial amelioration; administrative-level intervention solutions; to promote awareness; and issues (women’s inequality in society, women’s empowerment) that hypothetically empowered women to access their bodily autonomy while considering the cultural landscape. By reconceptualizing marital rape as a legal and social issue, this study intends to contribute to gender justice and the advancement of women’s bodily autonomy in India.

KEY WORDS : Marital Rape, Gender Justice, Bodily Autonomy, Indian Penal Code, Constitutional Rights, Sexual Violence, Legal Reform, Patriarchy

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POWERS AFFORDED TO THE COMMITTEE OF CREDITORS UNDER BANKRUPTCY LAWS IN INDIA AND THE UK

AUTHOR – PRANAV SRINIVAS, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – PRANAV SRINIVAS, COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POWERS AFFORDED TO THE COMMITTEE OF CREDITORS UNDER BANKRUPTCY LAWS IN INDIA AND THE UK, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 188-197, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

INTRODUCTION

Corporate insolvency frameworks exist to deal with a tension core to it is to recover the maximum amount of creditors, and at the same time permit the prospect of salvaging distressed businesses. The insolvency law therefore carries out not merely a distributive role, but also expresses underlying policy considerations regarding the rights of creditors, the nature of the business rescue process and the relative position of courts and professional interveners. One of the key questions in these systems is who ends up ruling the decision-making process after one has defaulted.

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) of India follows a creditor-in-control model, according to which decisive power is granted to the Committee of Creditors (CoC) which is primarily comprised of financial creditors. In its turn, the Insolvency Act of 1986 of the United Kingdom, followed by further reforms, such as the Enterprise Act of 2002, adheres to a practitioner-dominated paradigm, in which the leading operational role goes to the insolvency practitioners, and creditor committees are placed in the oversight role, instead of governing role.

In this paper, comparative study of the powers of CoC in India, and creditor committees in the United Kingdom, will be discussed. It examines their legal underpinnings, judicial interpretations, realities of operation and the scholarly discussions enveloping them. The comparison shows that there are two guiding philosophies of these two jurisdictions, India trusts creditors directly, and the United Kingdom trusts professional intermediaries and judicial controls. Comparing these models, the current study has been able to come up with strengths, weaknesses and possible areas of reforms of these two legal systems.

CHILD ABUSE REPORTING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS AND CYBER LAWS

AUTHORS – SUMIT KUMAR SINGH* & DR. RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS. ORCID ID – HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0009-0000-6751-280X

BEST CITATION – SUMIT KUMAR SINGH & DR. RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH, CHILD ABUSE REPORTING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS AND CYBER LAWS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 177-187, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The rapid growth of digital technologies and social media platforms has significantly transformed the nature and scope of child abuse in contemporary society. While the internet has created unprecedented opportunities for communication, education, and social interaction, it has also facilitated new forms of exploitation, particularly against children. Online child abuse manifests through activities such as cyber grooming, dissemination of child sexual abuse material (CSAM), online harassment, and exploitation through digital platforms. Social media networks, messaging applications, and online forums have increasingly become spaces where offenders exploit anonymity and technological tools to target minors. Consequently, the reporting and regulation of such offences have become a critical concern within modern legal systems.

This research paper examines the role of social media platforms and cyber laws in addressing the reporting of child abuse in the digital age. It analyzes the legal framework governing online child protection in India, particularly focusing on the obligations created under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 and the Information Technology Act, 2000. The study highlights how mandatory reporting provisions, intermediary liability rules, and cybercrime regulations contribute to the detection and reporting of offences involving children in online environments. It also explores the role played by digital intermediaries such as social media companies in monitoring user-generated content, implementing technological tools for detection, and cooperating with law enforcement authorities.

Furthermore, the paper identifies several challenges associated with reporting online child abuse, including underreporting, jurisdictional complexities, technological barriers, and concerns related to privacy and freedom of expression. The research emphasizes the need for stronger regulatory frameworks, enhanced technological solutions, and improved coordination among governments, law enforcement agencies, and digital platforms. Ultimately, the study argues that effective protection of children in cyberspace requires a comprehensive approach that integrates legal accountability, technological innovation, public awareness, and international cooperation.

Keywords: Child Abuse, Cyber Law, Online Exploitation, Mandatory Reporting, Social Media Regulation, Digital Child Protection.

THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL PERSONALITY: ITS EVOLUTION AND APPLICATION IN INDIAN JURISPRUDENCE

AUTHOR – SOUVAGYO BANERJEE, SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – SOUVAGYO BANERJEE, THE CONCEPT OF LEGAL PERSONALITY: ITS EVOLUTION AND APPLICATION IN INDIAN JURISPRUDENCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 169-176, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

To be a legal person is to be the subject of rights and duties.

To confer legal rights or to impose legal duties, therefore, is to

confer legal personality.^[1]

The concept of legal personality is a foundational principle in jurisprudence, determining who or what can possess rights and duties under the law. This paper examines the evolution of legal personality, its theoretical underpinnings, and its application in Indian jurisprudence. It explores how Indian law recognizes legal personality, including its extension to non-human entities such as idols, corporations, and rivers. Through an analysis of case laws, the paper critically evaluates the adequacy of existing legal frameworks in addressing contemporary challenges. The study concludes with recommendations for legal reforms to better accommodate emerging issues, such as the recognition of artificial intelligence and environmental entities as legal persons.

Keywords: Legal Personality, Indian Jurisprudence, Idols, Corporations, Rivers, Artificial Intelligence.

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[1]Gray, The Nature and Sources of The Law (2d Ed. 1921) 27; Salmond, Jurisprudence (5th Ed. 1916) 272; Holland, Jurisprudence (9th Ed. 1900) 88; Pollock, A First Book of Jurisprudence (1923) 114.

INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICITS IN INDIA’S FORENSIC LABS: CHALLENGES AND REFORMS FOR CRIMINAL JUSTICE DELIVERY

AUTHOR – AHARSHINI REITA J J* & MS. HEMAVATHY**

* STUDENT AT THE TAMILNADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW

** PROFESSOR AT THE TAMILNADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW

BEST CITATION – AHARSHINI REITA J J & MS. HEMAVATHY, INFRASTRUCTURE DEFICITS IN INDIA’S FORENSIC LABS: CHALLENGES AND REFORMS FOR CRIMINAL JUSTICE DELIVERY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 155-168, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Forensic science serves as the backbone of modern criminal justice, providing scientific evidence essential for conviction and exoneration. However, India’s forensic infrastructure remains critically underdeveloped, posing significant hurdles to effective justice delivery. This assignment examines the systemic infrastructure deficits plaguing India’s forensic laboratories, analysing their profound impact on the judicial process. Despite Supreme Court directives to strengthen forensic capabilities, a stark disparity exists between the volume of cases and available resources. Key challenges identified include severe case backlogs, outdated technological equipment, inadequate funding, and a chronic shortage of trained personnel. These deficits are compounded by regional imbalances, where state-level laboratories often lack the capacity to handle complex DNA or digital evidence, leading to reliance on overwhelmed central facilities. Consequently, prolonged investigations delay trials, erode public trust, and increase the risk of wrongful convictions or acquittals due to insufficient evidence. The lack of standardisation further complicates admissibility in court. To address these issues, the study proposes comprehensive reforms including substantial budgetary allocation for modernisation, the establishment of a unified national forensic network to streamline case processing, and mandatory upgrading of technical standards aligned with international norms. Ultimately, strengthening forensic infrastructure is not merely a technical necessity but a constitutional imperative to uphold the rule of law and ensure equitable criminal justice delivery in India.

Keywords: forensic laboratories, NABL accreditation, case backlog, BNSS 2023, conviction rates, criminal justice reform, forensic independence, rural-urban disparity, DNA evidence, chain of custody.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING FINANCIAL REPORTING

AUTHOR – DR. JYOTI YADAV* & TUSHAR SINGH**

* ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW, AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – DR. JYOTI YADAV & TUSHAR SINGH, FINANCIAL ANALYSIS AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING FINANCIAL REPORTING, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 151-154, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Financial analysis plays a crucial role in evaluating the financial health, stability, and performance of businesses. It assists stakeholders such as investors, creditors, regulators, and management in making informed decisions. Alongside financial evaluation, legal regulations govern financial reporting to ensure transparency, accountability, and protection of stakeholders’ interests. This research paper examines the concept of financial analysis, its importance, key techniques, and the legal framework governing financial reporting and corporate finance. The study also explores the regulatory role of financial authorities and the legal provisions aimed at preventing financial fraud and mismanagement.

NAVIGATING COMPLIANCE: CHALLENGES FACED BY NEW COMPANIES UNDER COMPANIES AND INCOME TAX LAWS

AUTHOR – VANSHIKA SRIVASTAVA* & DR. RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – VANSHIKA SRIVASTAVA & DR. RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH, NAVIGATING COMPLIANCE: CHALLENGES FACED BY NEW COMPANIES UNDER COMPANIES AND INCOME TAX LAWS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 146-150, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/LANU3785

ABSTRACT

Corporate compliance has become an essential aspect of modern business governance, particularly for newly incorporated companies that must operate within a complex regulatory framework. In India, companies are required to comply with various statutory obligations under company law and taxation law, which are designed to ensure transparency, accountability, and financial discipline in business operations. However, new companies often encounter several practical and procedural challenges while attempting to fulfill these compliance requirements.

This research paper examines the major compliance obligations imposed on companies under the Companies Act and the Income Tax framework, with particular focus on the difficulties faced by newly established entities. It analyses issues such as lack of awareness of regulatory procedures, frequent changes in legal provisions, complex documentation requirements, and the burden of maintaining statutory records and timely filings. The study also highlights how non-compliance may result in penalties, legal liabilities, and reputational risks for companies.

Furthermore, the paper explores the importance of effective compliance mechanisms, professional guidance, and corporate governance practices in helping new companies navigate regulatory requirements efficiently. By examining the legal framework and the practical challenges associated with it, this research aims to provide a clearer understanding of the compliance landscape and suggests measures that may assist companies in ensuring lawful and efficient business operations.

KEYWORDS: Corporate Compliance, New Companies, Regulatory Framework, Companies Act Compliance, Income Tax Compliance, Corporate Governance, Statutory Obligations, Business Regulation.

“RECONSIDERING THE ADULT TRIAL OF JUVENILES AGED 16–18 UNDER THE JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2015: A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT PROCESS, JUDICIAL TRENDS, AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE.”

AUTHOR – JOSHNA AISHWARYA A, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – JOSHNA AISHWARYA A, “RECONSIDERING THE ADULT TRIAL OF JUVENILES AGED 16–18 UNDER THE JUVENILE JUSTICE ACT, 2015: A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT PROCESS, JUDICIAL TRENDS, AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVIDENCE.”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 138-145, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/LEPX2544

ABSTRACT-

India’s approach to juvenile offenders was subject to a major shift with the introduction of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015. For the first time, juvenile offenders between the ages of 16 and 18 could be brought to trial for the commission of “heinous offences” as adult offenders. This shift was the result of the unprecedented debate that was triggered in the wake of the Delhi gang rape incident in 2012. The mental and physical capacity of juvenile offenders to commit and understand the consequences of the commission of “heinous offences” can be analyzed through the “preliminary assessment” method that is adopted by the Juvenile Justice Boards (JJBs) in the country. However, there is a serious issue of due process, development science, constitutional protection, and compliance with India’s obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, even though it is an attempt to achieve a balance in terms of responsibility and child protection.

The institutional limitations of JJB, practical aspects of preliminary evaluation, and consequences of transfer of juveniles to adult courts are severely analyzed in this essay. To prove that the adult trial system is based on wrong assumptions about teenage guilt, without considering scientific knowledge of brain development, it evaluates factual facts, judicial interpretations, and scientific studies. It also identifies deficiencies in procedural protection, serious irregularities in judicial reasoning, and lack of standardized norms in psychological evaluation, making it prone to misuse and arbitrariness.

In fact, the article argues that despite being grounded in public opinion, the adult trial clause undermines the rehabilitative basis of juvenile justice and has the potential to breach constitutional principles of justice, proportionality, and dignity. For the creation of a truly child-centered system of juvenile justice, it suggests that there is an urgent need to review Section 15 in an integrated manner.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING DEEPFAKE & PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN INDIA : A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – SONU SHAJI, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – SONU SHAJI, LEGAL FRAMEWORK GOVERNING DEEPFAKE & PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN INDIA : A CRITICAL ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 131-137, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The emergence of deepfake technology has introduced serious legal challenges in protecting individual privacy, reputation, and identity in the digital age. Deepfakes—realistic yet fabricated audio-visual content—pose threats to established personality rights and procedural fairness, particularly under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Through landmark cases like Kunal Kamra vs Union of India (2024), Anita Kadian vs State of Haryana (2024), and Mahua Moitra vs Zee Media Corporation Ltd. (2021), Indian courts have shown adaptability by extending existing legal principles to counter the malicious use of synthetic media and protect digital dignity.

This study, using a doctrinal and analytical methodology, evaluates India’s current legal mechanisms including constitutional protections, tort law, and the Information Technology Act, 2000. It highlights the urgent need for reforms to strengthen digital evidence verification, enhance forensic capabilities, and regulate the misuse of deepfakes. While the present legal framework shows resilience, proactive legislative and institutional measures are necessary to ensure justice, preserve fair trial standards, and safeguard personal rights in an era dominated by artificial intelligence and synthetic content.

KEYWORDS:  Deepfakes, Personality Rights, Privacy, Indian Legal Framework, Information Technology Act 2000, Constitutional Law India, Digital Evidence, Right to Fair Trial, Cyberlaw, Judicial Interpretation

FEDERAL IMPLEMENTATION FAILURES UNDER THE NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT: A STUDY OF CENTRE–STATE ALLOCATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY

AUTHORS – ARYAVEER SINGH, STUDENT ATCHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – ARYAVEER SINGH, FEDERAL IMPLEMENTATION FAILURES UNDER THE NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY ACT: A STUDY OF CENTRE–STATE ALLOCATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 121-130, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/OEXB5970

Abstract

The National Food Security Act, 2013 represents one of the most significant legislative interventions undertaken by the Indian State to address food insecurity through a rights-based statutory framework. The Act seeks to secure food and nutritional security by guaranteeing access to subsidised food grains for a large segment of the population through the Public Distribution System. Notwithstanding the existence of this statutory entitlement framework, persistent concerns regarding implementation continue to arise within India’s food governance system. This paper examines the structural challenges associated with the implementation of the National Food Security Act within India’s federal administrative framework. It analyses the constitutional foundations of the right to food, the statutory architecture of the National Food Security Act, and the allocation of institutional responsibilities between the Union Government and State Governments. Drawing upon institutional assessments; particularly the Comptroller and Auditor General’s Performance Audit Report on the Food Corporation of India, the paper identifies systemic inefficiencies in procurement, storage management, and movement of food grains that affect the effective functioning of the statutory food distribution system. The paper argues that the federal distribution of responsibilities under the National Food Security Act produces fragmented accountability structures that weaken the realisation of statutory food security entitlements. It concludes by examining institutional reforms necessary to strengthen coordination, transparency, and administrative accountability within India’s food security governance framework.

Keywords: National Food Security Act, Right to Food Jurisprudence, Federal Governance and Welfare Implementation, Public Distribution System, Centre–State Accountability, Food Corporation of India.