Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP: BARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS

AUTHOR – SNEHA HITENDRA SONI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – SNEHA HITENDRA SONI, WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP: BARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 55-58, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

Although there has been progress in achieving gender equality, women continue to be underrepresented in leadership roles across different fields. This research paper investigates the ongoing obstacles that impede women’s progress in leadership and looks into effective methods for addressing these issues. Major challenges include gender stereotypes, unconscious bias, difficulties in balancing work and personal life, limited access to mentorship and professional networks, unequal pay, and insufficient representation in senior leadership positions. The study examines the role of organizational policies, societal norms, and structural inequalities in perpetuating these barriers. It also assesses potential solutions such as inclusive leadership practices, mentorship initiatives, family-friendly workplace policies, pay equity efforts, and greater representation of women in leadership roles. By showcasing best practices and successful examples, this research emphasizes the need for systemic change to promote gender diversity and inclusion. The findings contribute to the ongoing conversation about gender equity and offer practical recommendations for organizations, policymakers, and individuals dedicated to enhancing women’s leadership opportunities.

Key Words: Women, Leadership, Inequalities, Effective and Bias.

BRIDGING THE GAP: PROTECTION OFFICERS AND THEIR IMPACT UNDER INDIA’S DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005

AUTHOR – HIYA PARESH CHAUHAN, STUDENT AT MKES COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – HIYA PARESH CHAUHAN, BRIDGING THE GAP: PROTECTION OFFICERS AND THEIR IMPACT UNDER INDIA’S DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 51-54, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, is very vital legislation in India for the protection of women from domestic violence. The article attempts to examine the role of Protection Officers under the Act. Protection Officers act as a bridge between the victim and the law, they facilitate access to justice and supportive services. They conduct assessments, provide emotional support, and initiate legal actions for the protection and well-being of the victims. In this article, the role of Protection Officers in enforcing the Act and preventing domestic violence in India is emphasized, with an exhaustive discussion of their functions.

Keywords: Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, Domestic violence, Protection Officers, Victims, Legal action, Supportive services, Access to justice, Prevention, Enforcement.

EQUALITY OF STATUS OF WOMEN IN INDIA

AUTHOR – AMISH ANANT, STUDENT AT M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – AMISH ANANT, EQUALITY OF STATUS OF WOMEN IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 47-50, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

To awaken the people, it is women who must be awakened; once she is on the move, the village move and the nation move. The issue of gender equality and the status of women has been one of the most important discussions in India for centuries. The Indian Constitution guarantees equality to women through a variety of provisions, which are aimed at ensuring that women are treated with dignity, respect, and fairness. Article 14 establishes the principle of equality before the law, guaranteeing equal legal protection for all individuals, including women. Article 15 prohibits any form of discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Article 42 mandates the state to create fair and humane working conditions, including maternity benefits, addressing the specific needs of women in the workforce. Article 51A calls upon Indian citizens to reject practices that undermine the dignity of women, promoting respect and equality in society. The status of women in India has significantly progressed since the nation gained independence. Legal initiatives, forward-thinking policies, and increased social consciousness have played vital roles in raising women’s status in the country.

Keywords: Gender Equality, Women’s Rights, Constitutional Provisions, Legal Reforms, Education for Women, Women Empowerment,

ROLE OF FAMILY COURT IN RESOLVING WOMEN’S LEGAL ISSUES

AUTHOR – RINKAL CHIRAG TRIVEDI, HEAD CLERK AT M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – RINKAL CHIRAG TRIVEDI, ROLE OF FAMILY COURT IN RESOLVING WOMEN’S LEGAL ISSUES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 45-46, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

The family court serves an essential function in tackling and resolving legal challenges encountered by women, especially concerning marriage, divorce, child custody, domestic violence, and property rights. By offering a dedicated judicial environment, family courts guarantee prompt and considerate resolution of conflicts while taking into account the distinct socio-legal difficulties faced by women. Additionally, these courts promote alternative dispute resolution methods, including mediation and counselling, to encourage peaceful settlements. This paper examines the importance of family courts in protecting women’s rights, the obstacles they confront, and the reforms necessary to improve their efficacy in administering justice.

Keywords – Family court, women’s legal rights, divorce, child custody, domestic violence, property rights, mediation, legal justice, gender equality, alternative dispute resolution.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE POSH ACT ON WORKPLACE CULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – MS. BASANTI DEVI NEGI* & DR. RAZIA CHAUHAN**

RESEARCH SCHOLAR* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR**, SCHOOL OF LAW, SHARDA UNIVERSITY.

BEST CITATION – MS. BASANTI DEVI NEGI & DR. RAZIA CHAUHAN, EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE POSH ACT ON WORKPLACE CULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 39-44, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

Abstract:

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act), marked a major shift in India’s approach to preventing and addressing sexual harassment at work. It built on the foundation laid by the Vishakha Guidelines (1997), expanding upon the legal framework and introducing more concrete provisions. The POSH Act aims to offer women protection from all forms of sexual harassment in the workplace, creating a more structured and comprehensive system for prevention, prohibition, and redressal. A detailed analysis of the POSH Act’s effectiveness /impact requires exploring several critical factors. By examining the legislative journey from the Vishakha Guidelines to the enactment of the POSH Act and its subsequent enforcement, this study explores the evolution of legal frameworks and institutional mechanisms aimed at safeguarding employees’ rights and ensuring a conducive work environment. Drawing on empirical data, case studies, and stakeholder perspectives, the paper assesses the implementation, compliance, and enforcement of the POSH Act, highlighting both successes and challenges encountered in its execution. Furthermore, it examines the impact of the POSH Act on work culture of the organization, employee attitudes, and the prevalence of sexual harassment incidents.

Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Public Policy, Vishakha Guidelines, Organizational culture

THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION

AUTHOR – MISS. SHWETA DILIP BHONDAVE, ADVOCATE & LLM SCHOLAR AT DECCAN EDUCATION SOCIETY’S  SHRI NAVALMAL LAW COLLEGE, PUNE

BEST CITATION – MISS. SHWETA DILIP BHONDAVE, A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE DARK WEB: GLOBAL AND INDIAN PERSPECTIVES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 677-691, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Chapter I

Introduction:

Legislative drafting is a specialized skill that involves the formulation and preparation of laws and regulations by legislative bodies. It is a crucial process in the development of legal frameworks that govern societies, providing the foundation for orderly governance and the protection of individual rights.^[1] The art of legislative drafting requires precision, clarity, and foresight to ensure that laws are effective, enforceable, and stand up to legal scrutiny.

At its core, legislative drafting involves translating policy objectives and principles into clear and unambiguous legal language. This process requires a deep understanding of legal principles, the legislative context, and the socio-economic landscape in which the laws will operate. The drafter must navigate intricate legal concepts, consider potential loopholes, and anticipate how the law will be interpreted and applied in practice.^[2]

The resulting legislative texts can take various forms, including statutes, regulations, ordinances, and other legal instruments. Effective legislative drafting not only articulates the intentions of lawmakers but also provides a stable and adaptable framework that can stand the test of time. ^[3]Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in fostering transparency, accountability, and the rule of law within a society. Legislative drafters often collaborate with policymakers, legal experts, and stakeholders to ensure that the proposed laws align with societal needs and values. This collaborative approach helps in crafting legislation that is not only legally sound but also responsive to the dynamic challenges of the contemporary world.^[4]

---

[1] DraftingPrinciples_August2013.pdf | last seen on 13/02/2024

[2] ibid

[3] The role of legislative drafters in determining the content of norms justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/ilp-pji/norm/index.html | last seen on 13/02/2024

[4] ibid

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA, UK AND USA

AUTHOR – ARNAV KAUSHIK, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – ARNAV KAUSHIK, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA, UK AND USA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 669-676, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Labour laws have always been a subject of discussion all around the world. The Indian labour laws are very different from the labour laws in other countries. India’s labour laws, heavily influenced by colonial-era regulations, emphasize worker welfare but can be complex due to numerous statutes and varying state laws. In contrast, the UK operates under a more unified legislative framework, with a strong focus on employee rights such as fair wages, health and safety, and working hours, regulated primarily by the Employment Rights Act and the Health and Safety at Work Act. The USA follows a decentralized approach where federal and state laws interact, offering essential protections under the Fair Labour Standards Act and Occupational Safety and Health Act, but with fewer guaranteed worker protections compared to the UK and India.

This research paper aims at comparing how minimum wages affect the lower end of the working class, the review period for the minimum wages, relation of minimum wages to inflation, age related minimum wage rates, minimum wage rate and cost of living, across India, UK, and USA. This comparative analysis also examines labour laws in India, the UK, and the USA, focusing on key differences and similarities in employment rights, workplace standards, and dispute resolution.

While all three countries aim to protect worker rights, the extent and approach vary significantly. These differences highlight each country’s unique socio-economic context and legal traditions, underscoring the challenges of achieving uniform labour standards globally.

Keywords: Wages, Working Hours, Labour Laws, Minimum Wage, Uniform Labour Standards, Workplace Standards

DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY LAWS: AN IMPACT MADE BY EU

AUTHOR – MEGHNA R, STUDENT AT SYMBIOSIS LAW SCHOOL, PUNE

BEST CITATION – MEGHNA R, DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY LAWS: AN IMPACT MADE BY EU, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 663-668, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

I. Abstract

With the rise of the age of technology, EU focussed on providing its citizen with Protection of their Personal Data and hence enriching their Right to Privacy through GDPR. GDPR ensures that Privacy of EU Citizens are intact and with its breach the entity in question faces huge penalties. These penalties later are used only to fund of the needs of its citizens. The process of development and impact of such developments on the lives of its citizens, the world at large and businesses functioning in lines of using user data, is shown. The growth of Legislations worldwide on its Data Protection policies gives scope for more improvements as the technology moves forward. India’s rise for the same taking the inspiration from GDPR and the world, is seen in the paper. The reach and Impact of EU GDPR has been discussed.

Keyword: GDPR, Data Privacy, Protection, Sanctions.

A CASE STUDY OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN MANIPUR: UTILIZING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ANALYSIS TO RESOLVE A PATERNITY DISPUTE

AUTHOR – SOROKHAIBAM SATYAJYOTI SINGH¹ & DR. S. JAMES²

¹ PHD RESEARCH SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW, MANIPUR INTRANATIONAL UNIVERSITY

IMPHAL, MANIPUR, INDIA

² PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW. MANIPUR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR, INDIA

BEST CITATION – SOROKHAIBAM SATYAJYOTI SINGH & DR. S. JAMES, A CASE STUDY OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN MANIPUR: UTILIZING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ANALYSIS TO RESOLVE A PATERNITY DISPUTE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 657-662, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This case study explores the application of mitochondrial DNA (Mt DNA) analysis in resolving a challenging paternity dispute in Manipur, India. The case involved a claim from one man asserting paternity over a child, while the mother contended that another man was the biological father. Amid the complexity of the dispute, Mt DNA analysis provided a critical alternative to conventional DNA testing methods. Samples from the child, mother, and both alleged fathers were subjected to thorough analysis, focusing on hypervariable regions to identify rare genetic markers. The findings confirmed the maternal lineage and established a distinct genetic link to one of the alleged fathers through shared Mt DNA patterns. This outcome highlights the effectiveness of Mt DNA analysis in forensic science, particularly when presented with ambiguous or rare genetic evidence. Furthermore, the case emphasizes the importance of collaboration between forensic specialists and the legal system in accurately interpreting DNA evidence to support judicial decisions. The results of this investigation advocate for the broader integration of mitochondrial DNA analysis in paternity testing and forensic investigations.

This case study investigates the role of mitochondrial DNA (Mt DNA) analysis in resolving a complex paternity dispute in Manipur, India. The case arose when a man claimed paternity over a child, while the mother maintained that another man was the biological father. Given the contentious nature of the claims, the court mandated genetic testing to clarify the child’s biological connections. Traditional autosomal DNA profiling was deemed inconclusive due to the presence of unique and rare genetic markers among the alleged fathers. Consequently, the forensic team opted for comprehensive Mt DNA analysis, focusing on hypervariable regions (HVRs) known for their variability among individuals. Samples from the child, mother, and both alleged fathers underwent meticulous testing to identify and compare Mt DNA sequences.

Keywords: Forensic Science, Mitochondrial DNA, Genetic Interpretation, Judicial Decision.

DETAIL STUDIES ON E-CONTRACT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO IT ACT, 2000

AUTHOR – AJAY GAVNER SARODE, STUDENT AT DES’S SHRI. NAVALMAL FIRODIA LAW COLLEGE, PUNE

BEST CITATION – AJAY GAVNER SARODE, APPLICABILITY OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING THEORY IN THE FIELD EDUCATION POLICY IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 639-656, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

One shouldn’t wait until complaints and claims begin. Be sure that the electronic contracts are as neat as the agreements.  Before 1872, there was English Common Law which was applied to Indian Citizens. The Indian Contract Act, 1872 came into force on 1st Sept, 1872. There are changes in the concept of contracts i.e. from Traditional contract to electronic contract. Now e-contracts or ecommerce contract plays very vital role in contract between two parties. Under the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000, particularly Section 10-A, an electronic contract is valid and enforceable. A contract is always express or implied agreement which is enforceable by law Contracts are probably the most important and the most sensitive business law matter. They are the ones that can make the difference between loss and profit, lawsuit and success F-Contracts can be through modes of communication such as e-mail, internet and fax etc. It is impossible to identify the contracting parties (Authentication) and their signatures and thus fraud has been increased due to e-contract. The data protection is a very serious issue. E-contract followed by the traditional contract conditions helps in minimizing fraud and legal cases. There shall be valid government ID verification before entering into any contracts. Signature shall always be digital signature and electronic signature. Original Document shall be checked in relation to E-Contracts. The researcher has undertaken the topic to study the meaning of E-Contracts and also to find out the changing concepts of e-contracts and to study in detail about the e-contract with reference under IT Act 2000.

Keywords – Authentication, Contract, E-Contract, E-Signature, Contracting Parties, Traditional Contracts, IT Act 2000, Validity.