Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

NATURAL LAW AS A NECESSARY CONTENT OF POSITIVE LEGAL ORDER

AUTHOR – ANUSHKA SORTE, STUDENT OF DES’ SHRI. NAVALMAL FIRODIA LAW COLLEGE, PUNE

BEST CITATION – ANUSHKA SORTE, NATURAL LAW AS A NECESSARY CONTENT OF POSITIVE LEGAL ORDER, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 19-30, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Beauty is a manifestation of secret natural laws, which otherwise would have been hidden from us forever”. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. This quote explores the enduring relationship between Natural Law and Positive Legal Order, contending that Natural law is an indispensable foundation within any legitimate system of positive law. Rooted in the idea that law transcends human will, Natural law has a huge historical lineage, from divine order proposed by ancient Greek philosophers to the moral universality championed by medieval thinkers like Aquinas. It is the “law above the law” a moral compass guiding human legislation towards justice. The paper contrasts Natural law with Legal Positivism, which asserts that law derives its authority solely from human enactment, regardless of morality. Through an examination of legal systems and key jurisprudential theories, this research highlights how the principles of natural law, justice, fairness and human dignity have shaped positive legal norms throughout history, from the Magna Carta to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Far from being a relic of the past, Natural law continues to inform modern legal thought, providing the ethical grounding necessary for any legal system to command true legitimacy. This paper concludes that without Natural law’s moral compass, positive law risks becoming mere coercion, devoid of justice. The synthesis of natural law with positive legal structure, it argues, its essential for fostering just, humane and stable legal orders.

A STUDY ON INDIVIDUALS AVAILING LIFE INSURANCE AND THEIR PURCHASE DECISIONS

AUTHOR – SARAN RAGAVENDAR, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – SARAN RAGAVENDAR, A STUDY ON INDIVIDUALS AVAILING LIFE INSURANCE AND THEIR PURCHASE DECISIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 07-18, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Factors affecting the intention and premium of purchasing life insurance are investigated in this paper. Results of factor analysis and structure equation model indicate that the extent of worrying about future, economical condition, cognition about life insurance and adventure activities preference have significant positive effects on the intention of purchasing life insurance; economical condition has significant positive effect on the premium of purchasing life insurance; health status has significant negative effect on the premium of purchasing life insurance. Among these factors, Cognition about life insurance has the biggest effect on the intention of purchasing life insurance; economical condition has the biggest effect on the premium of purchasing life insurance. Based on the theoretical results, there are some credible marketing policies for life insurance trade.

KEYWORDS : Life insurance, Purchase Decision, Benefits, Financial Position

A STUDY ON SEBI REGULATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON STOCK MARKET TRANSPARENCY IN INDIA

AUTHOR – GODHAWARI P, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF LAW, VISTAS, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – GODHAWARI P, A STUDY ON SEBI REGULATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON STOCK MARKET TRANSPARENCY IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 01-06, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

                The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays a pivotal role in maintaining transparency, fairness, and efficiency in India’s stock market. This study examines SEBI’s regulatory framework and its impact on enhancing stock market transparency, investor confidence, and corporate accountability. Established in 1988 and granted statutory powers in 1992, SEBI has introduced several landmark regulations such as the SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015, the SEBI (Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015, and the SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011. These frameworks have strengthened investor protection, improved disclosure norms, and curbed unethical practices like insider trading and market manipulation. The paper also evaluates SEBI’s enforcement and surveillance mechanisms, including the Integrated Market Surveillance System (IMSS) and the Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence System (DWBIS), which have enhanced real-time monitoring and fraud detection. Despite these advancements, emerging challenges such as algorithmic trading, cryptocurrency-related risks, and global financial integration necessitate continuous regulatory evolution. The study concludes that SEBI’s proactive initiatives have significantly improved market transparency and investor trust but emphasizes the need for greater technological integration, faster dispute resolution, and stronger global cooperation. Recommendations include the adoption of AI-driven surveillance, stricter corporate governance enforcement, investor education programs, and clear guidelines for digital assets. Through these measures, SEBI can further strengthen India’s financial ecosystem and reinforce its position as a transparent and globally competitive investment destination.

KEYWORDS                 SEBI – Stock Market – Market Manipulation – Insider Trading – Regulations

EMPLOYER LIABILITY AND EMPLOYEE RIGHTS IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL WORKSPACES

AUTHOR – KUMAR KISLAY, STUDENT OF GGSIPU

BEST CITATION – KUMAR KISLAY, EMPLOYER LIABILITY AND EMPLOYEE RIGHTS IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL WORKSPACES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (12) OF 2025, PG. 1124-1131, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

Examining the rising discrepancy between the official definitions of work and rest intervals, and the ways in which work is actually carried out in practice, the study explores the idea of labour time in the digital age. Traditional ideas of working hours have been challenged by technological breakthroughs that allow employees to work remotely and stay connected at all times. Two primary strategies for controlling working hours have emerged as a result of these advances. The first strategy aims to restrict the work schedule in order to provide regular and controlled work periods, returning to traditional ideas of working hours. The second strategy downplays the significance of set working hours by embracing the flexibility made possible by technology and emphasizing the ability to work from anywhere at any time. However, both strategies have serious drawbacks. While the second method can compromise the core goal of labour rights by ignoring the need for rest and appropriate remuneration, the first approach fails to adequately account for the revolutionary impact of digital technology on work practices. To address these issues, the study proposes a novel approach to time management that integrates the principles of labour protection with the structure and logic of the digital workplace. The default standards introduced by the proposed framework provide genuine rest periods during the workday, pay employees for actual labour completed, and give them essential rights. While maintaining the fundamental goals of labour rights, the framework also enables employers and workers to bargain for more working hours and their monetary value in a way that takes into account the opportunities presented by the digital era. By striking a balance between protection and flexibility, this strategy seeks to develop a more just and efficient framework for modern labour management.

KEYWORDS: Labour time, Digital workplace, Working hours, Remote work, Labour rights, Time management, Flexibility,

AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: ITS IMPACT, ADVANTAGES, AND DISADVANTAGES

AUTHOR – DR. REKHA PAHUJA, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT S.S. MANIYAR LAW COLLEGE, JALGAON

BEST CITATION – DR. REKHA PAHUJA, AN ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: ITS IMPACT, ADVANTAGES, AND DISADVANTAGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (12) OF 2025, PG. 1115-1123, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

“Artificial intelligence will reach human levels by around 2029. Follow that out further to, say, 2045; we will have multiplied the intelligence, the human biological machine intelligence of our civilization a billion-fold.”

Ray Kurzweil

The article focuses on concept of artificial intelligence and its implementation in industrial scale. It reviews its meaning and definitions, and its various types such as Artificial Narrow Intelligence, Artificial General Intelligence, and Artificial Super Intelligence. It also poses a new issue relating to legal status of artificial intelligence in intellectual property rights whether it would be considered as a copyright or a patent as Artificial intelligence is relatively a new area of debate concerning lPR laws. Besides this, while emphasizing on various advantages of AI right from reduction of human labour, taking of risk on behalf of human beings, 24*7 availability , faster decision making to providing digital assistance and many others, the Author has also discussed its possible disadvantages such as it involves high cost of creation, makes human being lazy, generates unemployment, lacking human emotion and rational thinking etc. with its positive impact on the society. The readers are encouraged to explore alternative views and perspectives on this subject

KEY WORDS: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI).

PATENT LAW & AI INVENTIONS – CAN AI BE RECOGNIZED AS AN INVENTOR?

AUTHOR – AKHILESH KUMAR RAJAN, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY PATNA

BEST CITATION – AKHILESH KUMAR RAJAN, PATENT LAW & AI INVENTIONS – CAN AI BE RECOGNIZED AS AN INVENTOR?, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (12) OF 2025, PG. 1112-1114, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the face of innovation at a very fast pace, causing complicated questions of inventorship in the context of existing patent legislations. In the current paper, the question of whether an AI system, like DABUS, can be considered an inventor under the field of patent law is investigated. With particular reference to the Indian Patents Act, 1970, it brings into focus that the provisions of the existing law indirectly limit inventorship to natural persons. Comparative studies with countries like the United States, United Kingdom, and European Union reveal an international rejection of AI inventorship except in a few exceptions such as the South African DABUS case. Policy and responsibility issues along with reasons for AI inventorship are given by the study to provide protection for innovation in the era of automation. It concludes that although Indian law does not yet acknowledge AI as an inventor, changing technology requires legislative acumen, policy development, and international collaboration—necessarily through such solutions as hybrid or sui generis methods—to align innovation with responsibility in law.

Keywords- AI, Patent, Inventor, Intellectual Property Rights, AI Inventions.

REGISTRATION AND INCORPORATION OF THE COMPANIES IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SHASHI PRABHA MUDGAL, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, AMITY UNIVERSITY, PATNA

BEST CITATION – SHASHI PRABHA MUDGAL, REGISTRATION AND INCORPORATION OF THE COMPANIES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (12) OF 2025, PG. 1105-1111, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

A crucial step in establishing a business entity in India is company registration and incorporation, followed according to the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013, and authorized by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. This process formally recognizes a business as a legal entity. It endows the company with its own legal identity, provides limited liability protection to its shareholders, and ensures continuity of existence. Such legal stature encourages trust and accountability in the business environment. The process commences with deciding on the appropriate business structure, such as a Private Limited Company, Public Limited Company, or One Person Company (OPC), depending on the scale and nature of the business. The company name requires MCA approval, followed by preparing vital documents including the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA). Reforms have introduced the electronic SPICe (Simplified Proforma for Incorporating Company Electronically Plus) process, enabling simultaneous application for Director Identification Number (DIN), Permanent Account Number (PAN), and Tax Account Number (TAN). Upon scrutinizing the application, the Registrar of Companies (ROC) grants the Certificate of Incorporation, confirming the company’s legal identity. The registration process imparts significant benefits, including legal recognition, limited liability for shareholders, and eligibility for various incentives. It marks the inaugural step in a company’s regulatory journey, necessitating compliance with post-registration requirements such as opening a corporate bank account and obtaining Goods and Services Tax (GST) registration based on the nature of the business and applicable legal provisions. Researcher tries to find out the legal framework,procedures and significance of company registration and incorporation in India,along wit its impact on business operations under companies Act,2013. Keywords: Companies Act 2013, Legal Entity, Limited Liability, Certificate of Incorporation, Ease of Doing Business

AN ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

AUTHOR – GOWSALYA. S. & POORNAMATHI N.C.

LLM STUDENTS AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – GOWSALYA. S. & POORNAMATHI N.C, AN ANALYSIS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (12) OF 2025, PG. 1098-1104, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The United Kingdom’s approach to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is globally recognized for its comprehensive, risk-based framework, rooted in the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (HSWA). This article traces the evolution of OHS in Britain from the social upheaval of the Industrial Revolution and the ensuing Factories Acts to the modern, integrated system overseen by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). It examines the fundamental shift brought about by the HSWA, which established universal responsibilities for all employers and employees and defined the structure for regulation and criminal enforcement. Furthermore, the analysis details the critical regulatory pillars, including the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 (which cemented the risk-assessment duty) and other specific regimes like those governing Manual Handling and Hazardous Substances (COSHH). Finally, the article explores contemporary strategies for OHS, highlighting the ongoing challenge of addressing occupational health and the shift towards a partnership-based approach in a dynamic, service-sector-dominated economy, confirming the HSWA’s enduring legacy in reducing workplace harm.

KEYWORDS:

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (HSWA), Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Risk Assessment, Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH), UK Legislation.

MEDIA TRIALS IN HIGH-PROFILE CRIMINAL CASES: BALANCING PRESS FREEDOM WITH FAIR JUSTICE

AUTHOR – PRATHAMESH DHAKE, STUDENT AT UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI, THANE SUB CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – PRATHAMESH DHAKE, MEDIA TRIALS IN HIGH-PROFILE CRIMINAL CASES: BALANCING PRESS FREEDOM WITH FAIR JUSTICE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (12) OF 2025, PG. 1093-1097, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The phenomenon of media trials has emerged as a defining challenge for the administration of criminal justice in India. With 24×7 news cycles and the rise of social media, public perception of guilt or innocence is often shaped long before judicial verdicts are delivered. This paper examines the evolving relationship between freedom of expression and the right to a fair trial, analysing how sensational reporting can both strengthen and subvert justice. Drawing upon landmark cases such as Jessica Lal, Aarushi Talwar, Nirbhaya, and Sushant Singh Rajput, the study explores how the media’s pursuit of public interest sometimes crosses into prejudice. It also incorporates comparative perspectives from the United States and United Kingdom to highlight varying regulatory approaches. The discussion underscores the absence of effective enforcement mechanisms within India’s current framework and the ethical dilemmas faced by journalists. The paper concludes by proposing a balanced model that preserves press freedom while protecting the integrity of the judiciary through statutory reforms, digital accountability, and ethical self-regulation.

IMPORTANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN ECONOMIC GROWTH

AUTHOR – SUHANI GAUTAM, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, PATNA

BEST CITATION – SUHANI GAUTAM, IMPORTANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN ECONOMIC GROWTH, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (12) OF 2025, PG. 1079-1087, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

In the Indian context, Intellectual Property (IP) has become a crucial driver of innovation, investment, and economic development in the 21st century. With India emerging as a global hub for technology, pharmaceuticals, and creative industries, the protection and promotion of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have gained strategic importance. Effective IP laws encourage research and development, support start-ups, and attract foreign direct investment by ensuring that innovators and creators are rewarded for their contributions. India’s initiatives—such as the National IPR Policy (2016), Digital India, and Start-up India—reflect the government’s commitment to building a knowledge-driven economy. IP-intensive sectors like biotechnology, IT, film, and traditional goods under Geographical Indications (GIs) such as “Darjeeling Tea” and “Banarasi Sarees” significantly contribute to exports and employment. However, challenges remain in the form of limited awareness, procedural complexities, and inadequate enforcement. Strengthening IP education, infrastructure, and enforcement mechanisms will be vital for India to harness the full economic potential of intellectual property and establish itself as a global innovation leader.

Keywords:

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), Economic Growth, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Knowledge-Based Economy, Indian Development Policy