Category: Volume 5 and Issue 3 of 2025

ROLE OF WOMEN DIRECTOR ON BOARD TO ENHANCE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

AUTHOR – EKTA HEMANT PARKAR, STUDENT AT MKES COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – EKTA HEMANT PARKAR, ROLE OF WOMEN DIRECTOR ON BOARD TO ENHANCE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 106-111, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Women plays important role in decision making of board which lead to earning opportunity and more profit. Founders and other board members should increase efforts to maximise women representation on board. Women director on board should not look as only compliance requirements but important tool for welfare of company and society. The appointment of women directors on corporate boards is increasingly recognized as a pivotal strategy for enhancing corporate governance. This article explores the significance of gender diversity in decision-making roles, particularly the positive impact of female board members on organizational transparency, accountability, and overall governance. A diverse board brings different perspectives, which can lead to more comprehensive risk management, improved strategic decisions, and enhanced corporate social responsibility practices. The study examines global trends and regulatory frameworks aimed at promoting female representation on boards, while highlighting the challenges, barriers, and benefits that arise from such initiatives. Furthermore, it discusses the correlation between gender diversity and improved financial performance, innovation, and stakeholder trust. The article concludes by advocating for a continued push for gender-balanced boards as a means to foster stronger, more sustainable corporate governance structures across industries.

WOMEN’S ACCESS TO JUSTICE: A SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE

AUTHOR – MARY KIDANGAN, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – MARY KIDANGAN, WOMEN’S ACCESS TO JUSTICE: A SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 103-105, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

The right to access justice is a core human right; however, women globally encounter significant challenges in realizing this right. This paper examines the intricate obstacles that women face in their quest for justice, focusing on the, social, cultural, financial, and legal factors that perpetuate this disparity. It assesses the various injustices that women experience, such as gender-based violence, discrimination in property rights, and unequal opportunities for legal representation. Additionally, the paper analyzes the roles of both formal and informal justice systems, the ramifications of legal reforms, and the importance of empowering women to assert their rights. Finally, it offers recommendations for improving women’s access to justice, emphasizing the necessity for a holistic and multi-sectoral approach.

Keywords: Gender inequality, Legal barriers, Discrimination, Access to courts, Legal aid, Human rights, Violence against women

SOCIAL MEDIA, TECHNOLOGY AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS

AUTHOR – RIDDHI HITENDRA SAWAK, STUDENT AT MKES LAW COLLEGE

BEST CITATION – RIDDHI HITENDRA SAWAK, SOCIAL MEDIA, TECHNOLOGY AND WOMEN’S RIGHTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 100-102, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Digitalization has ingrained itself in all walks of life of a human being, from banking to shopping to studying this technical revolution has played a significant role in our day to day lives and has become inseparable part. It has its own pros and cons, and it’s on us human beings to make sure to avoid and abstain from falling prey to this peculiar yet astonishing thing called technology. Nevertheless human beings often fail to remember that it’s more essential being a human .therefore as of February 2025, the most recent data indicates that the proportion of women globally utilizing the internet remains comparatively lower than that of men. Specifically, 65.7 percent of women accessed the internet, in contrast to 70 percent of men. This emphasizes on the ongoing disparity in the internet usage between genders. While this virtual cyber space pledges evolution it fails to bridge the gender gaps.  Global statistics show that 16% to 58% of girls and women have fallen prey to online violence. Various legal frameworks have been laid down for the betterment and protection of the women.

Keywords: Digitalization, Online Violence, Technology Facilitated Gender Based Violence, Harassment, Cyber bullying, Women’s Rights, Artificial intelligence, Deep Fake

THE ENDURING SHADOW: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE

AUTHOR – GAURI NIRAJ MISHRA, LAW ASPIRANT AT M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – GAURI NIRAJ MISHRA, THE ENDURING SHADOW: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION OF GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 96-99, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

The pursuit of gender equality in the workplace has been a central theme of social and economic discourse for decades. While significant strides have been made, gender discrimination continues to manifest in various forms, undermining the potential of individuals and hindering organizational progress. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of workplace gender discrimination, moving beyond anecdotal evidence to explore its systemic nature and propose evidence-based solutions.  

Gender discrimination, in its essence, involves treating individuals differently based on their gender, resulting in unequal opportunities, treatment, or outcomes. This can manifest in explicit actions, such as denying a promotion to a qualified woman based on her gender, or in more subtle, implicit biases, such as unconsciously attributing leadership qualities more readily to men. These biases, whether conscious or unconscious, perpetuate a cycle of inequality that negatively impacts women and gender minorities across various industries and professions.  

Keywords: Hiring Discrimination, Pay Gap, Sexual Harassment, Micro- aggression, Occupational Segregation, Performance Evaluation Bias.

THE ROLE OF FAMILY COURTS IN INDIA: A PILLAR OF JUSTICE IN FAMILY DISPUTES

AUTHOR – DHWANI VRAJESH VYAS, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SMT. KAMALABEN GAMBHIRCHAND SHAH LAW SCHOOL AND ALUMINI OF M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – DHWANI VRAJESH VYAS, THE ROLE OF FAMILY COURTS IN INDIA: A PILLAR OF JUSTICE IN FAMILY DISPUTES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 92-95, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

Family is the foundation of Indian society, and maintaining harmony within families is crucial for social stability. The Family Courts Act, 1984, was enacted to establish family courts across India to handle family-related disputes efficiently and amicably. The role of family courts is not just to enforce laws but also to promote reconciliation, counselling, and mediation, ensuring that disputes are resolved in a less adversarial manner. Family courts have exclusive jurisdiction over various matters related to marriage, family, and child welfare. These courts function under the Family Courts Act, 1984, which empowers them to handle. Family courts have the power to summon parties, examine witnesses, appoint counsellors, and enforce judgments in family disputes. They function with less rigid procedural rules to provide an environment conducive to reconciliation and justice. By addressing family disputes with empathy, efficiency, and fairness, family courts uphold the principles of justice, equality, and social welfare in India’s legal system.

Key Words: Family Court, Family, The Family Courts Act, 1984, reconciliation, counselling, mediation

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN CHAMPIONING WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – HIMANI KAUSHIK, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – HIMANI KAUSHIK, NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN CHAMPIONING WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 90-91, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

Abstract

The National Commission for Women is a statutory body in India dedicated to safeguarding and promoting the rights and welfare of women. The NCW was constituted on January 31, 1992, in response to the growing concerns about gender discrimination, violence against women, and inadequate legal protection. The NCW plays a crucial role in addressing various issues concerning women’s welfare. The commission investigates complaints related to domestic violence, sexual harassment, dowry, and other crimes against women. It has the authority to summon individuals and request official reports in such cases. The NCW organizes awareness campaigns, workshops, and legal literacy programs to educate women about their rights and legal protections. The National Commission for Women has been instrumental in advocating for women’s rights and ensuring justice for them. However, to enhance its effectiveness, it needs greater authority, better funding, and stronger enforcement mechanisms.

Key words: National Commission for Women, Safeguarding Women’s Rights, Role of National Commission for Women, gender justice, women empowerment

SAFEGUARDING WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION

AUTHOR – SIDDHI MEHRA, LAW ASPIRANT AT M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – SIDDHI MEHRA, SAFEGUARDING WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS: AN IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 87-89, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

Reproductive rights are essential human rights that ensure individuals, especially women, have the freedom to make knowledgeable choices regarding their bodies, sexuality, and reproductive health. These rights cover various concerns, such as access to contraceptives, safe abortion, maternal healthcare, and protection against coercion and discrimination in reproductive issues. This research paper offers an in-depth examination of the legal and policy structures safeguarding women’s reproductive rights, addressing the obstacles to their fulfilment, and investigating methods to promote these rights worldwide

Keywords: Reproductive rights, Women’s rights, Maternal health, Gender equality, Reproductive healthcare laws

WOMEN IN THE CORPORATE WORLD: ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 ON GENDER REPRESENTATION

AUTHOR – DR. SONY RAJ S. S* & ASWIN.S**

* M.A.L.L.M, PH.D, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW, MUMBAI

** M.A,L.L.M, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, MKES NAGINDAS KHANDWALA COLLEGE, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – DR. SONY RAJ S. S & ASWIN.S, WOMEN IN THE CORPORATE WORLD: ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013 ON GENDER REPRESENTATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 81-86, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

Abstract

“When women thrive, businesses thrive.” – Ban Ki-moon (Diplomat -South Korea)

Gender diversity in corporate leadership has gained significant attention worldwide, and India’s Companies Act, 2013 has played a pivotal role in advancing women’s representation in boardrooms. By mandating the inclusion of at least one woman director in certain categories of companies, the legislation aims to bridge the gender gap and promote inclusivity in corporate governance. This paper critically examines the impact of the Companies Act, 2013 on gender representation in the corporate sector, assessing its effectiveness in fostering leadership opportunities for women. It explores key challenges, including tokenism, compliance gaps, and societal barriers that continue to hinder progress. Additionally, the study highlights the broader implications of gender diversity on corporate performance, decision-making, and ethical governance. While the Act marks a progressive step, its real impact depends on sustained enforcement, corporate willingness, and cultural shifts within organisations. The paper concludes with recommendations to strengthen gender inclusivity, ensuring that the presence of women in leadership transcends mere compliance and contributes meaningfully to corporate growth and governance.

Keywords: Gender Diversity, Companies Act 2013, Women Directors, Corporate Governance, Boardroom Representation, Leadership Inclusion

THE SHIFTING PARADIGM OF GENDER EQUALITY LEGISLATION: A GLOBAL EXAMINATION

AUTHOR – HIMANSHU MOHANLAL LOHAR, LAW ASPIRANT AT M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – HIMANSHU MOHANLAL LOHAR, THE SHIFTING PARADIGM OF GENDER EQUALITY LEGISLATION: A GLOBAL EXAMINATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 77-80, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

Abstract

Gender equality, a fundamental human right, remains a persistent challenge globally. This research article examines the evolving landscape of gender equality laws, analyzing their historical development, current state, and future trajectory. It explores key legal frameworks, including international treaties, national constitutions, and specific legislation addressing discrimination in areas such as employment, education, political participation, and family law. The article further investigates the implementation and enforcement of these laws, highlighting both successes and persistent gaps. Through a comparative analysis, it identifies best practices and emerging trends, emphasizing the crucial role of legal reform in achieving substantive gender equality.  

Introduction:

The pursuit of gender equality is a cornerstone of human rights and social justice. While significant progress has been made, gender disparities continue to permeate societies across the globe. Legal frameworks play a pivotal role in establishing the normative foundation for equality and providing mechanisms for redress. This article aims to offer a comprehensive overview of gender equality laws, exploring their evolution, current challenges, and potential for transformative change.  

Keywords: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995), International Labour Organization (ILO) Conventions

REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS & LEGAL BARRIERS

AUTHOR – DR. NILESH BALKRISHNA RODE, (B.A.M.S, .C.H, C.G.O, Diploma in Dialysis Technologist, MBA – HCS, PGD – CRM & RA, LL.B, LL. M (Criminology)), Faculty at M.K.E.S COLLEGE OR LAW

BEST CITATION – DR. NILESH BALKRISHNA RODE, REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS & LEGAL BARRIERS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 71-76, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

Reproductive rights are essential human rights that include legal and health-related aspects of reproduction, including access to secure and lawful abortion services, contraceptive methods and maternal health care are essential, and freedom from coercion and discrimination in reproductive decision-making. Despite their significance in ensuring personal autonomy and well-being, numerous legal and societal barriers hinder women from exercising these rights, leading to adverse health and social consequences.

This article examines the historical context, legal framework, and current challenges surrounding reproductive rights in India. During the colonial era, reproductive rights were largely shaped by British policies focused on population control rather than individual autonomy. Despite the legal advancements, women in India continue to face several barriers in accessing reproductive healthcare. Restrictive abortion laws, spousal consent requirements, lack of awareness, stigma, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure limit women’s ability to make informed reproductive choices. Judicial interventions have played a role in advancing reproductive rights, yet gaps remain, necessitating further legal and policy reforms. Socioeconomic disparities and discrimination further exacerbate these challenges, disproportionately affecting marginalized groups.

To address these issues, comprehensive law reforms are needed to expand access to safe abortion services, remove spousal consent requirements, enhance contraceptive availability, and improve maternal healthcare infrastructure. By addressing these barriers and ensuring progressive legal reforms, India has the potential to establish a more just framework that enables women to freely and safely assert their reproductive rights, which would consequently enhance public health and promote gender equality. 

KEYWORDS: Reproductive Rights, Abortion Legislations, Medical Termination Of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Constitutional Rights, Gender Equality, Healthcare infrastructure, International Conventions (CEDAW, ICCPR), Sexuality Education.