CLIMATE CHANGE AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: CHALLENGES AND RESILIENCE STRATEGIES

AUTHOR – AISWARYA S, LLM SCHOLAR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – AISWARYA S, CLIMATE CHANGE AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS: CHALLENGES AND RESILIENCE STRATEGIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 727-741, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This paper examines the impacts of climate change at regional, national, and global levels, with a specific focus on Geographical Indication (GI) agricultural products. These products are inherently linked to their native ecosystems, making them highly vulnerable to changes in temperature, precipitation, soil quality, and water availability. Using doctrinal and qualitative methodologies, including a review of IPCC, FAO, and ICAR reports, the study explores the dual nature of climate impacts and presents case examples from India and abroad. It proposes policy strategies and climate-resilient adaptation frameworks to safeguard GI-based agriculture and preserve cultural heritage.

A STUDY ON GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN WORKPLACE

AUTHOR – DHARSHINI, STUDENT AT TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW

BEST CITATION – DHARSHINI, A STUDY ON GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN WORKPLACE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 721-726, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

Gender Discrimination in the workplace means treating someone unfairly because of their gender. It is a pervasive problem that affects many countries around the world. The issue of gender discrimination has far reaching implications not only for women but for society as a whole. This can include things like paying women less than men for the same job, not promoting people because of their gender, or assuming certain jobs are only for men or women. This kind of discrimination can hurt people’s confidence, limit their career growth, and make workplaces less fair and equal. This report looks at the causes of gender discrimination, how it affects workers, and what can be done to stop it.

When women are discriminated against in the workplace, they are denied opportunities to contribute to the economy and society, and their talents and skills go unrecognised. Moreover, gender discrimination perpetuates harmful stereotypes and reinforces gender inequality, which can lead to further discrimination and exclusion. This paper talks about gender discrimination at work. It explains how some people are treated unfairly, just because they are male or female. For example, women might not get the same pay or chances to move up in a company as men do. It also talks about how this can make people feel bad and hurt their careers. The goal is to understand the problem and find ways to make workplaces fair for everyone.

RIGHT TO DISCONNECT: A NEW LABOR RIGHT IN THE DIGITAL ERA? – A COMPARATIVE AND CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – HARIKRISHNAN R, STUDENT AT TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – HARIKRISHNAN R, RIGHT TO DISCONNECT: A NEW LABOR RIGHT IN THE DIGITAL ERA? – A COMPARATIVE AND CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 714-721, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

The rapid digitization of workplaces, further catalysed by the COVID-19 pandemic, has upset conventional concepts of work-life boundaries, giving rise to a “always-on” culture that blurs the barrier between professional and personal environments.   This study investigates the right to disconnect as an emergent labor right, founded in the broader framework of mental health, dignity of labor, and digital autonomy.   In the absence of statutory protection in India, employees—particularly in white-collar, IT, and remote work sectors—remain subject to excessive and unpaid after-hours labor, leading to burnout and long-term emotional injury.   The study critically explores the constitutional grounds of the right to disconnect in India, particularly under Articles 21, 19(1)(g), and 42, and evaluates existing inadequacies within the Indian labor code regime.   It provides a comparative analysis of worldwide jurisdictions, with a focus on France, the European Union, Canada, and Germany, where legal and regulatory initiatives have begun to combat digital excess through enforced rest periods and negotiated disconnection rules.   Through doctrinal and policy-based research, this paper argues that the right to disconnect is not only a labor welfare measure but an essential component of contemporary labor rights rhetoric.   It suggests the adoption of disconnection policies into Indian labor law through a balanced framework that safeguards worker well-being while preserving organisational flexibility.   The acknowledgment of this right is vital to defending human dignity in the digital age and upholding constitutional values in shifting employment landscapes.

Key Words – Right to Disconnect, Digital Labour, Work-Life Balance, Labour Law Reform, Mental Health at Work, Employment Rights, Remote Work Regulation, Constitutional Rights, International Labour Standards, Digital Fatigue, France Labour Code, EU Work-Time Directive, Indian Labour Law, Occupational Health, Technology and Law.

ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION(ADR) IN COMMERCIAL DISPUTES: EFFECTIVNESS AND CHALLENGES

AUTHOR – NAUSHEEN SARFARAJ AHMED SIDDIQUI, STUDENT AT UWSL- KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – NAUSHEEN SARFARAJ AHMED SIDDIQUI, ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION(ADR) IN COMMERCIAL DISPUTES: EFFECTIVNESS AND CHALLENGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 707-713, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

ADR in Commercial Disputes: Effectiveness and Challenges

This dissertation examines the effectiveness and challenges of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in resolving commercial disputes. The research objectives are to assess how effective ADR is in resolving such disputes and to identify the challenges that hinder its implementation. The study focuses on arbitration, mediation, and negotiation, with a global scope emphasizing jurisdictions like the U.S., UK, India, and Singapore.

Methodology: The research employs a literature review, case studies, and comparative analysis across different legal systems. The dissertation evaluates the strengths of ADR, such as efficiency, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and enforceability, alongside its challenges, including lack of awareness, enforceability issues, bias concerns, power imbalances, and cultural resistance.

Key Findings: The study reveals that ADR offers significant benefits in terms of speed and cost savings compared to traditional litigation. However, challenges such as limited awareness among businesses and practitioners, cross-border enforceability issues, and perceived biases in arbitration/mediation processes hinder its widespread adoption.

Conclusions: The dissertation concludes by summarizing the effectiveness and challenges of ADR in commercial disputes. It addresses the research questions by synthesizing evidence from case studies and comparative analyses. Recommendations are proposed for stakeholders, including policymakers, businesses, and practitioners, to enhance the legal frameworks, invest in ADR training, and improve neutrality standards. Future research directions are also outlined, focusing on emerging trends like online dispute resolution.

This study contributes to the understanding of ADR’s role in commercial disputes, providing insights for improving its effectiveness globally.

Keywords: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Commercial Disputes, Mediation, Arbitration, Enforceability of Arbitral Awards

“TRADING IN THE CLOUD”: THE LEGAL DIMENSIONS IN ONLINE INVESTMENTS, VIRTUAL TRADING AND DEMAT SYSTEMS

AUTHOR – SWASTIKA RANA, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, KOLKATA

BEST CITATION – SWASTIKA RANA, “TRADING IN THE CLOUD”: THE LEGAL DIMENSIONS IN ONLINE INVESTMENTS, VIRTUAL TRADING AND DEMAT SYSTEMS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 702-706, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Wealth generation has taken fresh routes in the era where financial market hums with digital energy. The significant rise of online investments rostrum from the traditional setup has changed the landscape of investment law in India. Imagine a fresh graduate sitting in a café trades on his smart phone–seems easy and more accessible, that is precisely how technology has evolved finance. More streamlined securities transactions, diminished paper work, less reliance on broker, etc. The contention arises on how the law keeps track with such affair that occur within seconds across screens and jurisdictions. With the advancements of digital wave this paper delves into the crossword of innovation and regulation in India’s investment front.

At the core of the study remains virtual trading where real money is out of the game alongside the seamless DEMAT environment and prominent growth of online tools for investment. These technological-and-financial union innovations present both benefits and obstacles to society. Regulators need methods to achieve fairness during virtual trading transactions. Digital disturbances within online platforms can result in complete loss of savings while foreign financial flows entering digital transfer systems operate without proper tracking. This paper investigates the legal structures behind contemporary mechanisms to identify whether they support or break under current technological frameworks. It analyzes the legal underpinnings under SEBI Act and guidelines, Depositories Act.

Virtual Trading often tangles with practice and profit trajectory. Digitalization of financial market uncovers new paradigm shift where investments are no longer bound by paper or frontiers. Moreover, human stakes are paramount—hence equilibrium between innovation and regulation looms large. Through a legal lens this paper probes into the current regulations and grey areas if any prone to exploitation. At last, “Trading in the Cloud” is more than just a captivating phrase—it’s a call for understanding how law shapes the future of financial market in a digital world. The challenge is crucial therefore need a well crafted framework that manages both innovation and regulation.

CHALLENGES OF COPYRIGHT ENFORCEMENT IN THE DIGITAL SPACE

AUTHOR – AAMIR CHOUDHRY, LLM SCHOLAR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – AAMIR CHOUDHRY, CHALLENGES OF COPYRIGHT ENFORCEMENT IN THE DIGITAL SPACE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 696-701, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Digitalization has led to an increase in copyright infringement, which is one of its negative consequences. Several aspects of digitalization contribute to this growing threat to copyright protection: Piracy – Piracy involves the unauthorized reproduction or distribution of copyrighted content, like software, books, music, and films. This infringes on the rights of the creators, performers, and artists who hold copyright over these works. In the case of software piracy, this refers to the illegal use or distribution of copyrighted software. Actions like copying, downloading, or selling software without proper authorization fall under software piracy. Other forms of piracy include using software without permission for personal or commercial purposes, producing pirated software, or sharing illegal copies through digital channels.

STRENGTHENING INDIA’S ARBITRATION FRAMEWORK: KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM THE DRAFT AMENDMENT BILL, 2024 AND THE SIAC RULES, 2025

AUTHOR – MS. SHREEJI PATEL, STUDENT AT NATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL (NLIU)

BEST CITATION – MS. SHREEJI PATEL, STRENGTHENING INDIA’S ARBITRATION FRAMEWORK: KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM THE DRAFT AMENDMENT BILL, 2024 AND THE SIAC RULES, 2025, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 692-695, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This paper analyzes the proposed amendments to India’s Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, based on the 2024 Draft Bill, which incorporates significant reforms to modernize the arbitration ecosystem in India. The Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC) Rules 2025 serve as a benchmark, India can adapt those features to promote efficiency, cost transparency, and sector-specific arbitration. However, challenges persist, including skepticism about emergency arbitration’s enforceability, costs, and diversity in arbitrator appointments. Judicial delays and limited trust in the independence of arbitration further hinder India’s progress as an arbitration hub. If implemented effectively, the reforms promise to align India with global standards, reduce court caseloads, and enhance investor confidence, positioning India as a competitive international arbitration hub.

CHALLENGES FACED BY INSOLVENCY PROFESSIONALS IN CONDUCTING CIRP

AUTHOR – TANISHQ JOSHI, STUDENT AT UNITEDWORLD SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – TANISHQ JOSHI, CHALLENGES FACED BY INSOLVENCY PROFESSIONALS IN CONDUCTING CIRP, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 684-691, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Introduction

The Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) within the framework of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) of 2016 was designed with a creditor-focused insolvency resolution approach. It constituted a radical shift from the ineffective and obsolete insolvency systems of the past by placing insolvency professionals (IPs) at the centrepiece of the resolution. An IP’s role is intricate as it encompasses the management of the distressed corporate debtors, protecting the creditors, arranging legal compliance, and enabling the resolution plan in the best possible manner to reduce scope for misuse and create transparency.

Even with the framework of the IBC in place, put into action, the CIRP comes with significant hurdles. In practice, there are problems with the sponsors (inertia, lack of cooperation), the creditors (differing opinions), and operational problems that often block processes that need to happen for the resolution of insolvency. Furthermore, regulatory formality along with boundary conflict among several bodies adds legal ambiguity and procrastination. The ethical question coupled with the conflict of interests makes the role of an IP more complex and creates scope for poor judgment and acts of malpractice. In addition to all these, there is certainly too much litigation through the courts which causes delays. Supervision and constant control from courts and appeal courts is also another insolvency hurdles for the over dependency on the courts to bring any resolution. This chapter explores the major challenges faced by insolvency professionals in conducting CIRP, focusing on practical difficulties, regulatory hurdles, ethical concerns, and judicial oversight. Understanding these issues is crucial to enhancing the effectiveness of the IBC framework and ensuring that CIRP remains a viable mechanism for corporate revival and debt recovery.

ANTITRUST REGULATION IMPACTS IN MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS AND MARKET COMPETITION

AUTHOR – A.DHANALAKSHMI* & DR. NIHARIKA SINGH**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – A.DHANALAKSHMI & DR. NIHARIKA SINGH, ANTITRUST REGULATION IMPACTS IN MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS AND MARKET COMPETITION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 669-682, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

As globalization intensifies and market dynamics evolve, the frequency and scale of M&A activities have surged, prompting regulators to reassess the effectiveness of existing antitrust frameworks. Serious problems regarding market concentration, monopolies, and competition fairness have been raised by the tide of enlargement in corporate M&A.  The policy institution required to ward off anti-competitive behavior and promote consumer welfare and efficiency in the economy is antitrust law.  The contribution made by antitrust laws in regulating mergers and acquisitions and competition in the market is analyzed in this paper. India, the US, and the EU are some of the most important countries whose M&A legal regimes are analyzed in this study.  The research explores whether antitrust enforcers, such as the EC, FTC, and CCI, perform well in examining merger control and enforcing competition legislation. It also explores the challenges regulators face in balancing the benefits of consolidation against the potential for reduced competition, innovation stifling, and consumer harm. By synthesizing theoretical perspectives and empirical data, this research aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of antitrust laws in promoting fair competition while navigating the complexities of corporate consolidation in contemporary markets. The research also focuses on enforcement matters and regulatory gaps under existing antitrust laws, particularly in reacting to Big Tech mergers and acquisitions and vertical mergers. For better efficacy of antitrust enforcement, the research concludes with legislative suggestions that provide an even approach that supports economic development alongside maintaining fair market competition.

Keywords: Antitrust laws, Market concentration, Competition, Mergers and Acquisitions, and Corporate Regulation

SOCIAL SECURITY AND LABOUR LEGISLATION IN INDIA

AUTHOR – M R HARINIVETHA, STUDENT OF B. COM LLB (HONS), SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI.

BEST CITATION – M R HARINIVETHA, SOCIAL SECURITY AND LABOUR LEGISLATION IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 656-668, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This study enlightens the constitutional foundations that support social security for workers in India, anchoring its examination in Articles 14, 15, and 16 of the Indian Constitution and delves into the profound impact that the principles of equality, non-discrimination, and social justice have had on the development and transformation of legal structures aimed at protecting labor rights. Examining closely important court decisions and major legislative successes reveals the complex link between state practices and constitutional directions. By means of a rigorous analysis of the historical trajectory of labor laws from the post-colonial era to contemporary times, it reveals the roots and progressive evolution of important statutes including the Employee’s State Insurance Act, Employees’ Provident Fund Act, and the Workmen’s Compensation Act. Against the vast canvas of India’s political and economic development, we are revealing the slow change of inherited colonial institutions to fit the demands of a modern, industrializing society. The analysis demonstrates the ongoing challenges in balancing high constitutional values with the actual reality of economic inequality and the large unofficial work sector. Defining the terrain of labor rights has been much aided by the interpretations of the courts in bridging the distance between the aspirations of law and the urgent needs of society. Although the constitutional clauses provide a solid basis for social security, its successful application usually faces challenges because of administrative inefficiencies and the complexity of socioeconomic issues. In essence, this paper presents a series of thoroughly considered policy recommendations supporting integrated improvements aimed to improve the effective performance of constitutional tasks. In this sense, it improves the academic discussion on the transformation of constitutional ideals into practical rights by helping to build a more inclusive and flexible framework that so effectively safeguards the interests of every worker in India’s varied and rapidly changing economy. This extensive research provides a great understanding of the interplay between legal theory and policy implementation, therefore improving the argument on social justice and labor rights in India.

Index Terms: Constitution, Equality, Non-discrimination, Social Justice, Labour Rights, Social Security.