A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REHABILITATION PROGRAMS FOR CRIMINAL OFFENDERS IN INDIA AND ENGLAND: EFFECTIVENESS IN REDUCING RECIDIVISM AND FACILITATING SUCCESSFUL REINTEGRATION INTO SOCIETY

AUTHOR – MR. RAHIL SHAIKH* & MS. KOMAL SRIVASTAVA**

* STUDENT AT UWSL KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY

** PROFESSOR AT UWSL KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – MR. RAHIL SHAIKH & MS. KOMAL SRIVASTAVA, A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REHABILITATION PROGRAMS FOR CRIMINAL OFFENDERS IN INDIA AND ENGLAND: EFFECTIVENESS IN REDUCING RECIDIVISM AND FACILITATING SUCCESSFUL REINTEGRATION INTO SOCIETY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 650-655, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This research paper presents a comparative analysis of rehabilitation programs for criminal offenders in India and England, examining their approaches, effectiveness in reducing recidivism rates, and promotion of successful reintegration into society. By exploring the philosophical underpinnings, economic factors, cultural traditions, and legal frameworks that shape these programs, this study aims to identify key lessons and best practices that can enhance rehabilitation systems in both countries. The analysis considers the contrasting approaches of restorative justice in India and evidence-based rehabilitation in England, highlighting the importance of context-specific strategies for effective offender reintegration. Ultimately, this paper seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on criminal justice reform and promote more humane and beneficial rehabilitation practices.

PROHIBITION OF CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

AUTHOR – ADITHYAN K, STUDENT AT THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW)

BEST CITATION – ADITHYAN K, PROHIBITION OF CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 639-649, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

1.INTRODUCTION

The child labour problem continues to pose a challenge before the nation. Government takes various pro-active measures to tackle this problem. However, considering the magnitude and extent of the problem and that it is essentially a socio-economic problem inextricably linked to poverty and illiteracy, it requires concerted efforts from all sections of the society to make a dent in the problem.

Labour^[1] means, ‘Work, especially hard physical work’.  The term “child labour”^[2]  referring ‘as work that deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental’.  It refers to work that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children.

According to the ILO, Child Labour refers to work that deprives children (any person under 18) of their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to their physical and/or mental development. It refers to work that is mentally, or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and/or interferes with their schooling by:

•  depriving them of the opportunity to attend school

• obliging them to leave school prematurely

• requiring them to attempt to combine school attendance with 

 excessively long and heavy work.

Child as defined in India, The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 is a person who has not completed the age of fourteen years. A child of such tender age is expected to play, to study, and be take care of its family. But the situation of the child, by will or by force the child is forced to work in harsh conditions and atmospheric situation.  It pulls to the child to the retarded growth of its adolescence stage. 2011 census obviously expressed the number of child labours in India . Out of total child labourers of 10.1 million, girls are 4.5 million and boys are 5.6 million.

The backbone of the country is Children of the country. It can be achieved by the legislation of the government.  In countries, like India strict legislative measures are needed to correct the problem. In India, several legislations are enacted to control the menace of child labour. 

Key words:  Labour, Child labour, Prohibition, Rights, Article, Work, Provision, Problem, Control, Correct, Measures

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[1] Labour: Karin Hofmeester et al. (2015)The Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations, 1500–2000: Background, Set-Up, Taxonomy, and Application

[2] Child labour: hild labor and health, problems and perspectives” in International Journal of. Occupational and Environmental Health,Vol 6, No 1, Jan-Mar 2000, Philadelphia.

REGULATORY ROLE AND FUNCTION OF SECURITIES EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA (SEBI)

AUTHOR – SAKSHI SETH, STUDENT AT DEPARTMENT OF LAW, AMITY LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – SAKSHI SETH, REGULATORY ROLE AND FUNCTION OF SECURITIES EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA (SEBI), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 636-638, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The SEBI or the Securities and Exchange Board of India is an authority that regulates the Indian securities market. It was set up in 1988 and was given statutory powers in 1992. Among SEBI ‘s key objectives are the protection of investors, advancement of market functions, and transparency. This article is concerned with SEBI’s role, functions, objectives and importance in maintaining a balance in capital markets. With the help of various regulative measures, SEBI fosters investor trust, curtails market manipulation, and supports the organised growth of the securities market. The listed findings illustrate that SEBI’s regulations have improved the corporate governance practices and corporate economic activity in India.

SEBI: CHALLENGES, RESPONSE AND WAY FORWARD

AUTHOR – ANCHITA DATTA & BIDISHA MANNA

STUDENTS AT DEPARTMENT OF LAW, STUDENTS IN AMITY UNIVERSITY, KOLKATA

BEST CITATION – ANCHITA DATTA & BIDISHA MANNA, SEBI: CHALLENGES, RESPONSE AND WAY FORWARD, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 630-635, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) although plays a pivotal role in regulating and stimulating an efficient, explicit and sturdy capital market in India yet, it faces few challenges and complexities including market volatileness, insider trading, technological disruptions, price manipulation and growing complications of investment instruments.

All the years SEBI has strengthened the surveillance and enforcement reforms to improve transparency and instil good governance, Its Global engagement, collaborations and coordination’s with other regulations streamlined IPO and Mutual fund regulations. Furthermore, it provided investors awareness and education schemes as well.

Looking ahead, SEBI must prioritize innovation and technological growth while addressing regulatory gaps in emerging sectors such as cryptocurrency and fintech. It must bring regulatory sand book reforms and reformation in the enforcement mechanisms and investors centric rules and regulations.

This paper explores SEBI’s role in encountering challenges, its strategic response and the blueprint for a flexible and inclusive financial system. 

Keywords: market volatileness, insider trading, technological disruptions, price manipulation, collaborations, cryptocurrency and fintech

CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON LAWS GOVERNING CROSS- BORDER M & A IN INDIA

AUTHOR – JUHI SHUKLA, STUDENT AT UNITED WORLD SCHOOL OF LAW, KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – JUHI SHUKLA, CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON LAWS GOVERNING CROSS- BORDER M & A IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 614-29, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The globalization has been driven by cross border mergers and acquisitions (M&A), which are now considered as a way of expanding business, marketing and acquiring new technology to access new markets. India’s legal framework in respect of cross border M&A has been thoroughly reformed to bring it in line with global standards to lure in foreign investment. It has a multiplicity of regulators that include the Companies Act, 2013; the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999; the Competition Act, 2002; sector specific laws. Section 234 of the Companies Act and the Foreign Exchange Management (Cross Border Merger) Regulations, 2018, among others, give an institutionalized treatment to inbound and outbound mergers. Also, various regulatory authorities such as Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), and Competition Commission of India (CCI) may intervene to enforce matters related to corporate governance, foreign exchange norms, and so on. Inevitably, these regulations have helped spur a wave of M&A activity across borders but with a lot of regulatory complexity as well as jurisdictional conflicts. It analyzes the legal framework for cross border M&A in India including the implications for businesses and possible reform.

Keywords: Cross-Border Mergers and Acquisitions, Companies Act 2013, FEMA, Competition Act 2002, RBI, SEBI, Antitrust Laws, Foreign Exchange Regulations.

THE INTEGRATION OF INSTITUTIONAL ARBITRATION AND ODR: A PATHWAY TO MAKING INDIA A PREFERRED SEAT FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION

AUTHORS – TANISHKA PAWAR* & SNEHA TIWARI**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – TANISHKA PAWAR & SNEHA TIWARI, THE INTEGRATION OF INSTITUTIONAL ARBITRATION AND ODR: A PATHWAY TO MAKING INDIA A PREFERRED SEAT FOR INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 605-613, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The landscape of conflict resolution in commercial and legal sectors has been transformed by the evolution of Alternative Dispute Resolution. Both, Online Dispute Resolution and Institutional Arbitration have emerged as key mechanisms in international commercial arbitration by offering structured frameworks and technological advancements in order to enhance efficiency, accessibility and cost-effectiveness. This paper analyses the growing relevance of Institutional Arbitration, administered by established arbitral institutions, ensuring consistency and enforceability, alongside the rise of Online Dispute Resolution, which integrates digital platforms to facilitate remote dispute resolution. The study explores the legal framework that governs such mechanisms in India and also highlights their adoption under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 as well as the Information Technology Act, 2000. The author also evaluates the challenges that hinders India’s potential as a global arbitration hub, which includes judicial intervention, lack of Alternative Dispute Resolution culture and also the enforcement delays. Furthermore, the research additionally underscores the necessity of institutional reforms, technological advancements and global cooperation to conform India’s arbitration standards with international satisfactory practices. Lastly, the paper concludes that the integration of institutional arbitration and Online Dispute Resolution presents an assuring avenue for encouraging an efficient, transparent and technology driven arbitration eco-system in India, ensuring greater trust and participation from domestic and international stakeholders.

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION IN UTTARAKHAND

AUTHOR -SIDDHANTH SAKLANI* & SACHIN KUMAR**

* STUDENT AT UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY, LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY, LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN

BEST CITATION – SIDDHANTH SAKLANI & SACHIN KUMAR, EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION IN UTTARAKHAND, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 602-604, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Water pollution is one of the most critical environmental challenges facing Uttarakhand today. Despite being a region rich in freshwater resources and spiritual heritage, the state’s rivers and water bodies are under immense pressure due to increasing human activity, industrial growth, and poor waste management. This article explores the multifaceted effects of water pollution in Uttarakhand—on public health, ecosystems, agriculture, religious life, and the economy. It further identifies the key causes behind this growing crisis and recommends strategies for sustainable water governance in the Himalayan state.

REFORMING THE ARMED FORCES (SPECIAL POWERS) ACT, 1958: A LEGAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE IN LIGHT OF RECENT MANIPUR PROTESTS

AUTHOR – CHINTAN JAIN* & MS. SAUMYA SHUKLA**

* STUDENT AT UWSL, KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY, GANDHINAGAR, GUJARAT

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT UWSL, KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY, GANDHINAGAR, GUJARAT

BEST CITATION – CHINTAN JAIN & MS. SAUMYA SHUKLA, REFORMING THE ARMED FORCES (SPECIAL POWERS) ACT, 1958: A LEGAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE IN LIGHT OF RECENT MANIPUR PROTESTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 591-601, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This research article critically evaluates the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA), with particular reference to its implementation in Manipur. While originally designed as a counter-insurgency law, AFSPA has drawn criticism for enabling systemic human rights abuses, militarization of civilian spaces, and erosion of constitutional protections. The 2024 Manipur protests serve as a critical backdrop, reflecting deep-rooted discontent and civil resistance against prolonged military rule. This paper examines the legal and constitutional framework of AFSPA, judicial interpretations, and the demands for reform. Drawing from domestic jurisprudence, international human rights instruments, and recommendations by expert committees, the study proposes targeted amendments and accountability mechanisms. A phased withdrawal strategy, combined with enhanced judicial oversight, is argued to be more feasible than complete repeal, striking a necessary balance between internal security and democratic governance.

Keywords: AFSPA, Manipur Protests, Human Rights, Constitutional Law, Security Laws, Judicial Oversight, Military Immunity, Legal Reform

CONFESSION UNDER OTHER STATUES

AUTHOR – MUSKAN KALRA, LLM SCHOLAR AT NALSAR UNIVERSITY OF LAW, HYDERABAD

BEST CITATION – MUSKAN KALRA, CONFESSION UNDER OTHER STATUES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 580-590, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

INTRODUCTION

Confessions, though a vital piece of evidence, have been the subject of legal scrutiny, particularly in the context of their admissibility and voluntariness. The Indian Evidence Act, while laying out general rules, does not specifically define ‘confession.’ However, both general and special laws have addressed the issue of confessions, especially concerning coercion by authorities. This paper will explore the treatment of confessions under various special laws, including anti-terrorism laws like TADA and POTA, organized crime laws like MCOCA, and the Income Tax Act, which governs admissions in tax investigations. The focus will be on the admissibility of confessions, the legal safeguards in place, and key judicial interpretations.

THE IMPACT OF LABOUR ON GIG WORK IN TAMILNADU

AUTHOR- NISHANTHI.M SCHOLAR AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI. EMAIL – Sweetgirlsha1206@gmail.com

BEST CITATION – NISHANTHI.M, THE IMPACT OF LABOUR ON GIG WORK IN TAMILNADU, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 576-579, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

The necessity for legislative changes to guarantee gig workers equitable treatment and social security has been highlighted by the gig economy’s explosive growth in India, especially in Tamil Nadu. This study examines how recent changes to Tamil Nadu’s labor laws, such as the creation of the Tamil Nadu Platform-Based Gig Workers’ Welfare Board and the expansion of the Tamil Nadu Manual Workers Act to platform-based workers, have affected gig work in the state. These programs seek to alleviate the precarity of platform-based work, legalize the gig economy, and grant access to welfare benefits. The study also looks at state-led initiatives like worker lounges, group insurance plans, and electric scooter subsidies, evaluating how well they improve the livelihoods of gig workers. Notwithstanding these forward-thinking actions, issues with awareness, implementation, and the informal character of gig employment still exist. This study emphasizes how inclusive legal frameworks and ongoing policy innovation are necessary to guarantee the long-term safety and empowerment of gig workers in Tamil Nadu. Legal changes that guarantee gig workers fair treatment, respectable working conditions, and social security are desperately needed, as seen by the gig economy’s explosive growth in India, especially in Tamil Nadu. This essay examines how recent changes to Tamil Nadu’s labor laws have affected gig work in the state. These changes include the Tamil Nadu Manual Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Work) Act’s expansion to include platform-based gig workers and the groundbreaking creation of the Tamil Nadu Platform-Based Gig Workers’ Welfare Board. In order to address the inherent precarity and lack of job security in platform-mediated employment, these institutional and legal innovations mark important steps toward the formalization of gig work. They seek to grant access to welfare benefits like health insurance, accidental coverage, and pension plans.

Key words: Gig work, gig worker welfare board, group insurance scheme, social security, manual workers.