ANALYZING THE ROLE OF LABOR UNIONS IN PROTECTING WORKERS RIGHTS

AUTHOR- KAVYA.C, SCHOLAR AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI-600113, MAIL:Kavyachandrasekaran24@gmail.com

BEST CITATION – KAVYA.C, ANALYZING THE ROLE OF LABOR UNIONS IN PROTECTING WORKERS RIGHTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 935-939, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

Labour union create higher wage and benefit standards, working hours limits, workplace hazards protections, and other factors. Union also promote well being by encouraging democratic participation and a sense of community among workers. Labour union would benefit by partnering to create sophisticated contracts to address social determines of health.  Union plays a crucial role in safeguarding workers rights, including protection against unfair dismissal, discrimination, and exploitation. They offer legal support and representation in disputes and ensure that workers grievances are addressed Labour unions improve conditions for worker in way that promote individual family, and community well-being, yet the relationship between public health and organized labor is not fully developed. Despite historic and current efforts by labor unions to improve conditions for workers, public health institutions have rarely sought out labor as a partner. Income is primary social determinant of health, associated with the living environment and over all wellbeing of individuals or families. Income is higher in union jobs than in nonunion jobs, especially for lower skilled workers. Retirement or pension plans create the financial stability to promote health into old age. Union employees are more likely to have retirement or pension plan and are more likely to participate in a retirement plan sponsored by their employer than employees who are not members of a union.

Keywords: fair wages, safe working conditions, job security, collective bargaining, legal support, Dispute Resolution.

A CRITICAL STUDY OF RISE OF READY-TO-EAT FOOD CULTURE, IMPACT ON HEALTH AND REGULATIONS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – HARSHITA SALUJA, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – HARSHITA SALUJA, A CRITICAL STUDY OF RISE OF READY-TO-EAT FOOD CULTURE, IMPACT ON HEALTH AND REGULATIONS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 927-934, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Dr. Tarun Mittal, an obesity surgeon from New Delhi says that when he joined his practice he saw only two to three patients a month who had issue of obesity. But in the recent times those numbers have increased and now he sees such patients on a regular basis, fifteen to twenty patients a month to be more precise.

The terms like ultra-processed, ready-to-eat, junk food, instant food, fast food are quite in use in today’s world. Ready-to-eat food items were developed by the companies for the people of army which is now being consumed by civilians on a daily basis. Researches have found the high consumption of such food is directly linked to various non-communicable diseases. But still its consumption is rising day by day all over the globe. As per recent study, its sale in India increased from $6.2 billion in 2009 to $32 billion in 2022.

In this writeup, I would take you all on the journey from where the story of food processing starts, what all circumstances encouraged the need to create ready-to-eat food items, how it entered into households, why its consumption is harmful, what are the laws prevalent in India for selling and purchasing of such food items and how the laws can be strengthened.

Keywords: Ready-to-eat, Ultra processed, junk food, non-communicable diseases, obesity

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: EXAMINING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN GLOBAL BUSINESS ACROSS JURISDICTIONS

AUTHOR – HIMANI, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH

BEST CITATION – HIMANI, A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: EXAMINING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN GLOBAL BUSINESS ACROSS JURISDICTIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 913-926, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Businesses throughout the world are being held more accountable for their environmental effect in response to growing environmental concerns and the urgent demand for sustainability. Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) has arisen as an ideal model for incorporating environmental care into business operations. Countries such as India, the United States, Germany, South Korea, Japan, Brazil, and China use different ways to integrating International Environmental Law (IEL), influenced by local rules, economic objectives, and cultural views.

The global community has seen substantial progress in environmental regulation, ranging from the United States’ Clean Air Act to Germany’s circular economy efforts. Emerging economies such as India and Brazil have taken creative steps under difficult conditions, encouraged by international frameworks. These variances in environmental responsibility reflect the intricate interplay of international treaties, national legislation, and company behavior.

The comparative research investigates how corporate governance, stakeholder involvement, and globalization interact with environmental accountability across jurisdictions. The research aims to better understand the routes for aligning corporate responsibility with global sustainability goals by finding gaps and synergies in CER practices.

Keywords: Corporate Environmental Responsibility, International Environmental Law, Sustainability, Global Governance, Environmental Accountability.

LABOUR LAWS ENFORCEMENT AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT ON WORKERS: PROTECTION VS. PRESSURE

AUTHOR – FARHEEN.A, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW

BEST CITATION – FARHEEN.A, LABOUR LAWS ENFORCEMENT AND ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT ON WORKERS: PROTECTION VS. PRESSURE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 907-913, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

The enforcement of labor laws plays a pivotal role in shaping the quality of work life and safeguarding workers’ rights. While the primary objective of these laws is to ensure fair treatment, decent wages, and safe working conditions, the degree and manner of enforcement significantly influence their real-world impact. This paper explores the complex relationship between labor law enforcement and its effects on workers, examining both the benefits and the unintended consequences. On one hand, effective enforcement mechanisms can lead to improved worker welfare, reduced exploitation, and enhanced job security. On the other hand, overly rigid or inconsistently applied enforcement may contribute to reduced employment opportunities, the growth of informal labor markets, or employer resistance. Through a combination of legal analysis, case studies, and empirical data, this study evaluates how enforcement practices shape worker experiences across different sectors and regions. It concludes by highlighting the need for balanced enforcement strategies that protect worker rights while fostering sustainable employment and inclusive economic growth.

There are certain conceptual additions which make the paper even more an analytical one, and they are as follows:

Human rights perspective: Emphasize labor law as part of broader human rights protection.

Decent work agenda: Align with ILO’s vision for inclusive and dignified employment.

Social dialogue: Mention the role of negotiation and cooperation between employers, workers, and the state.

Access to justice: Refer to the mechanisms available for workers to claim their rights.

Labor market dynamics: Add a macroeconomic dimension to enforcement effects.

Regulatory effectiveness: Discuss how well regulations function in practice.

Capacity-building: Suggest the importance of training inspectors and institutions.

Worker voice and agency: Include workers’ ability to assert and advocate for their rights.

It concludes by highlighting the need for balanced enforcement strategies that protect worker rights while fostering sustainable employment and inclusive economic growth.

KEY WORDS:  Labour laws enforcement, impact on psychological health, balanced enforcement strategies etc.

MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – VRINDA SUBHASH GAIKWAD, STUDENT AT KES’ SHRI JAYANTILAL H PATEL LAW COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI.

BEST CITATION – VRINDA SUBHASH GAIKWAD, MARITAL RAPE IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 898-906, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

I. Abstract:

This paper explores the problem of why marital rape continues to remain outside the realm of criminal offenses in India, scrutinizing its multifaceted historical, cultural and legal origins. The Indian legal system, through Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, does not shun the dominates patriarchal society where husbands are allowed free sexual access to their wives if they are overage. This framework is built on colonial black laws. The paper analyzes India’s contemporary position within this framework alongside the attempts towards more progressive reforms in UK, USA and South Africa. Through multiple illustrative judicial case studies, the paper highlights systemic gaps in the judicial system and the sociocultural acceptance of rape in marriage which perpetuate oppression and discrimination against women on grounds of gender violence, bodily autonomy, equality, privacy, and equality. In addition, the paper also examines other “weaker” opposing arguments which emphasize the need to protect marriage from destabilization. The conclusion argues in favor of significant changes to the law, strong action at the societal level, and educational campaigns which redefine consent and dismantle patriarchal privilege in marriage.

INTERNET FREEDOM IN INDIA: A STUDY OF CENSORSHIP AND REGULATION

AUTHOR – SAMVARDHAN* & MS ASTHA SRIVASTAVA**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – SAMVARDHAN & MS ASTHA SRIVASTAVA, INTERNET FREEDOM IN INDIA: A STUDY OF CENSORSHIP AND REGULATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 891-897, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This piece looks at how India’s laws, censorship, and basic rights affect freedom of the internet. For free speech, access to knowledge, and social interaction, democracies need internet freedom. But in the past few years, the government’s tightening control over online material has made people in India worry about their civil liberties. The first part of the paper talks about the past of internet laws in India, focussing on the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the changes that were made to it. The article talks about several topics, including Section 69A of the IT Act, which lets online material be limited, and others. It also looks at how filtering affects basic rights like freedom of speech, privacy, and access to information. The paper also talks about how arbitrary control could happen because of government overreach, lack of clarity, and unclear legal provisions. This piece talks about how China’s internet rules are different from those in the US, EU, and other democracies. The results make it clear that we need a balanced system of rules that protects individual freedoms and takes into account the government’s valid worries. To protect internet freedom in India, the study suggests making the internet more open, having courts keep an eye on it, and using foreign best practices.

Keywords: Internet Freedom, Censorship, Regulation, Fundamental Rights, Information Technology Act, Freedom of Speech, Privacy, Comparative Analysis, Judicial Oversight, Digital Rights

“BEYOND THE QUOTA: RETHINKING INDIA’S RESERVATION SYSTEM IN THE 21ST CENTURY”

AUTHOR – PURVA MAKARAND RAJENIMBALKAR, STUDENT AT SYMBIOSIS LAW COLLEGE, PUNE

BEST CITATION – PURVA MAKARAND RAJENIMBALKAR, “BEYOND THE QUOTA: RETHINKING INDIA’S RESERVATION SYSTEM IN THE 21ST CENTURY”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 881-890, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This paper critically analyzes the reservation policy in India, tracing its historical evolution and examining its contemporary relevance. Initially introduced as a measure to help lift  the deep-seated caste-based inequities, it has dramatically expanded educational, employment, and political opportunities for at-risk communities. First, the system has been criticized for holding on to divisions and not sufficiently adapting to evolving socioeconomic realities. This study advocates a dynamic approach to push affirmative action in India using the framework of constitutional provisions, landmark judicial decisions, and socio-political debates. It calls for policy impact assessment at regular intervals, a phased transition to meritocracy in certain areas, and sunset clauses to not create dependence. The authors ultimately conclude that reservation is a crucial mechanism for achieving social justice, but its infrastructure needs careful reform to remain relevant in a contemporary, fair society. ​

Keywords – Reservation Policy, Caste-based Reservation, Affirmative Action, Social Justice, Economic Criteria, Mandal Commission.

COMPARISON OF THE CYBERCRIME PREVENTION LAWS IN INDIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

AUTHOR – NISHANT SINGH* & MS.ADYA PANDEY**      

*STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – NISHANT SINGH & MS.ADYA PANDEY, COMPARISON OF THE CYBERCRIME PREVENTION LAWS IN INDIA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 874-880, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

As global cybercrime rises, strong regulatory frameworks are needed to mitigate digital hazards. We examine the legislative basis, enforcement tactics, and recent modifications of two UK and Indian cybercrime prevention legislation. The Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act), India’s main cybercrime law, covers unauthorised access, data theft, and electronic fraud. Recent changes and upcoming laws aim to improve data privacy and align it with global standards. However, outdated regulations, strict enforcement, and funding issues persist. Decentralised enforcement institutions like Cyber Crime Cells, CERT-IN, and the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal handle poorly coordinated activities. The Computer Misuse Act of 1990, Fraud Act of 2006, and Data Protection Act of 2018 (which includes GDPR) expand the UK’s legal framework. These guidelines provide a firm framework for fighting various cybercrimes with the support of the National Crime Agency (NCA), Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), and National Cyber Crime Unit (NCCU). UK plan includes modern tools, education, and strong international collaboration. The study reveals similarities and differences in the two nations’ legal systems. Both nations struggle with legislative changes, enforcement efficacy, and privacy issues despite their reliance on robust laws and specialist enforcement. Cybercrime prevention requires updating and modernising legislation, strengthening enforcement, improving international collaboration, and raising public awareness. Focussing on cybercrime and digital environment protection may help India and the UK.

Keywords: Cybercrime, Information Technology Act, Computer Misuse Act, Data Protection Act, enforcement mechanisms, international cooperation, legislative frameworks, cybersecurity.

E-COMMERCE: ITS LEGAL IMPLICATION AND CONSEQUENCES IN SOCIETY

AUTHOR – SANDHYA P, LLM SCHOLR AT HINDUSTAN UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – SANDHYA P, E-COMMERCE: ITS LEGAL IMPLICATION AND CONSEQUENCES IN SOCIETY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 846-873, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

INTRODUCTION

“If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?”

–Albert Einstein

E-commerce is the purchasing & selling of various products over the internet. It is short for electronic commerce. It means any kind of operations or transaction done through internet; simply speaking it is the purchasing & selling of products & services through the help of internet. Although there isn’t a single accepted definition of e- commerce as of yet, many intelligent prominent figures have provided their own definitions. Roger Clarke defines e-commerce as “the conduct of business including the exchange of goods and services via the use of communications and instruments based on communications.” “E-commerce is the use of electronic communications and digital information processing technology in business transactions to create, transform, and redefine relationships for value creation between or among organizations, as well as between organizations and individuals.” E-commerce emerged from the advancements of modernization and digitalization. Essentially, it represents traditional business practices in an online environment. It serves as an internet platform that facilitates the buying and selling of products and services. In today’s fast-paced world, many people prefer convenient and efficient solutions, and e- commerce delivers just that. Thanks to electronic devices and the internet, this ease of living has become a reality. E-commerce is essentially the practice of retailing online. E-commerce offers a diverse range of features and services for consumers. Before exploring these offerings, it’s essential to recognize the key attributes that contribute to its appeal and popularity. Since its beginnings, e-commerce has undergone substantial evolution, particularly in the 21st century, driven by rapid technological advancements that have fueled its growth.

A CRITICAL STUDY ON THE CHALLENGES FACED BY GIG WORKERS

AUTHOR – J.CALEB MANOAH, STUDENT AT THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW

BEST CITATION – J.CALEB MANOAH, A CRITICAL STUDY ON THE CHALLENGES FACED BY GIG WORKERS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 842-847, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

The gig economy, which is characterized by independent contracting, freelance work, and temporary contracts, has significantly expanded in the worldwide labor market during the past 20 years. Gig workers operate independently of traditional full-time employment, gaining flexibility but occasionally losing out on perks like healthcare, retirement plans, and job security. The different types of gig work, its drivers, the impact of technology, and the implications for both employers and employees are all examined in this study on the development of the gig economy. Issues faced by gig workers, including unstable economies, a lack of adequate legal protections, and the uncertainty surrounding employer-employee relationships, will be covered in the examination.  The study will examine global responses, legislative trends, and the trajectory of gig work in light of political shifts and technological advancements.

Keywords: Gig workers, Labour, Global, Employee