A STUDY ON RIGHTS AND STATUS OF A CHILD BORN OUT A LIVE-IN RELATIONSHIP IN INDIA

AUTHOR – YUSUF A K*

* BBA LLB(HONS) SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES (SIMATS) CHENNAI: 600077 MOBILE NO :9500827435 Email:kalamyusuf1512@gmail.com

BEST CITATION – YUSUF A K, A STUDY ON RIGHTS AND STATUS OF A CHILD BORN OUT A LIVE-IN RELATIONSHIP IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 139-158, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

With the passage of time and urbanization, India’s social dynamics have seen some favorable improvements.Whereas a small percentage of the Indian populace has accepted it, a sizable portion remains opposed. Even while films like ‘Luka Chhuppi’ have helped to mainstream it in Bollywood and regional cinema, there is still hesitation.The objective of this research is whether the indian society and the judiciary are welcoming about the new age concept and whether a child born out of such relationship is legitimate or not.The research method followed here is a descriptive method ( empirical research). A total of 200 samples have been collected out of which all the samples have been collected through field visits by picking the general public at random. The results from the research are majority of the sample population are welcoming and aware about the livin relationship concept however they feel it can affect oneself negatively and another finding is that child born out of livin relationship is legitimate under the law.It is safe to assume that, given the current legal situation, the child of a live-in relationship will inevitably face a lack of clarity in life in terms of his or her legal position, ancestry, and eventual rights. This might lead to mental and emotional instability in the child’s life.To prevent this, explicit rules should be enacted, as well as revisions to unclear wording in existing laws, to provide clarification on the status and rights of children born in a live-in relationship. This will maintain consistency and help the youngster create emotional, mental, and physical stability.

KEYWORDS – Living relationship, legitimacy , child, marriage, Domestic cohabitation

CONCEPT AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF CONJUGAL RIGHTS

AUTHOR – BHAVAY GOEL, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – BHAVAY GOEL, CONCEPT AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF CONJUGAL RIGHTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 133-138, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Meaning and Definition of Conjugal Rights

The concept of conjugal rights refers to the rights granted to spouses, particularly within the context of marriage, regarding sexual relations, cohabitation, and companionship. While often tied to the legal and social fabric of marriage, the term has evolved within legal discourse to encompass broader rights that extend beyond mere conjugal duties. In the prison context, the term has taken on new dimensions, encompassing the right of prisoners to maintain intimate family relations, despite their incarceration. This section aims to unpack the meaning and definition of conjugal rights in both domestic and international legal frameworks, and discuss their relevance in prison jurisprudence.^[1]

---

[1] Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, (Vintage Books, 1995) 35.

STAND OF DIFFERENT NATIONS REGARDING CONJUGAL VISITS TO PRISONERS

AUTHOR – MUSKAN RUNGTA, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – MUSKAN RUNGTA, STAND OF DIFFERENT NATIONS REGARDING CONJUGAL VISITS TO PRISONERS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 129-132, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

NATIONS THAT DO NOT ALLOW CONJUGAL VISITS

Republic of Ireland: It does not permit conjugal visits at all.

New Zealand:

Conjoining convicts is prohibited by prison regulations in New Zealand. There are currently no mechanisms in the penitentiary system that permit prisoners to have private, intimate relationships with their spouses.

PUBLIC OPINION ON PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC COMPANY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHENNAI

AUTHOR – MITHUN PRASATH K *

* 4TH YEAR BBA, LLB (HONS), SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES (SIMATS), CHENNAI- 600077 MOBILE NO: 8190076692 E-MAIL ID:MITHUNJONES13@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – MITHUN PRASATH K, PUBLIC OPINION ON PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC COMPANY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CHENNAI, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 120-128, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

Privatization of certain government functions occurs in a number of ways, but typically the government transfers ownership of certain facilities or business processes to a private company. Privatization generally helps governments save money and increase efficiency. Proponents of privatization argue that private firms run businesses more economically and efficiently because they have a profit incentive to eliminate wasteful spending. As a result of this public-private transaction, the company’s shares will be removed from the public exchange. The shares are no longer available to the public. While companies can be taken private for a variety of reasons, this often happens when the company is significantly undervalued in the public market. The main aim of this research is to know about the causes of the transition that takes a company from being publicly traded to becoming privately held in Chennai and to discuss all the impacts created by the privatization of public companies in Chennai. To discuss the benefits of the privatization of public companies to the government in Chennai and to examine the factors affecting the privatization of public companies in Chennai. The spreading awareness about the measure’s development of privatization of public companies in Chennai. The method of research has followed empirical research with a convenient sampling method. The sample size covered by the researcher is 200. The results of this research are that companies may be privatized for a number of reasons, but it often occurs when a company is substantially undervalued in the public market which basically benefits the respective government in many ways.

KEYWORDS: Privatization, Public companies, incentives, Investment, Investors.

JUDICIAL REVIEW OF AFSPA: BALANCING NATIONAL SECURITY WITH CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

AUTHOR: – SHIVANI RAJARAM PATIL* & ASHOK DOBHAL**

* B.A.LL.B. (H), LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, FACULTY OF UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY. EMAIL – SHIVANIII0307@GMAIL.COM

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, FACULTY OF UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY. EMAIL – ASHOKDOBHAL19@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – SHIVANI RAJARAM PATIL & ASHOK DOBHAL, JUDICIAL REVIEW OF AFSPA: BALANCING NATIONAL SECURITY WITH CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 111-119, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The purpose of this research study is to investigate the judicial review of the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) in India, with a particular emphasis on the difficult balance that exists between constitutional rights and the constitutional imperatives of national security. The purpose of this research is to investigate the manner in which Indian courts have interpreted, sustained, curtailed, or amended the provisions of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) by analysing key judgements, legal precedents, and constitutional principles. The essay provides an analysis and evaluation of the judicial strategy that is used in conflict-affected regions in order to reconcile concerns over security with protections for basic rights. The paper contends that although the courts have, for the most part, deferred to the discretion of the executive branch in matters pertaining to national security, they have simultaneously attempted to establish safeguards against potential rights violations. This has resulted in a dynamic equilibrium that is imperfect in nature between the requirements of security and the guarantees of the constitution.

Keywords: AFSPA, Judicial Review, National Security, Constitutional Rights, Supreme Court of India, Fundamental Rights

UNDERSTANDING ESG AND ITS LEGAL LANDSCAPE IN INDIA

AUTHOR – VASHNI ANGEL V* & DR. KRITIKA NAGPAL**

* BBA LL.B. (H) STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – VASHNI ANGEL V & DR. KRITIKA NAGPAL, UNDERSTANDING ESG AND ITS LEGAL LANDSCAPE IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 100-110, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This research explores the evolving legal landscape of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) compliance in India, with a specific focus on its integration into the luxury fashion industry and mergers & acquisitions (M&A). ESG, once a peripheral concern, has now become central to corporate strategy, investment decisions, and brand reputation. The study traces ESG’s global evolution anchored in frameworks such as the United Nations’ Who Cares Wins report, the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), and the Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI) and contextualizes its Indian adaptation through the Securities and Exchange Board of India’s (SEBI) Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) mandate.

Through sector-specific analysis, the paper highlights the critical ESG risks within India’s luxury fashion industry, including environmental pollution from textile production, labor exploitation in informal artisanal clusters, and governance gaps in family-run businesses. The lack of ESG compliance exposes Indian brands to reputational and investment risks, especially as global scrutiny intensifies following incidents like the Birkin-style bag scandal in China.

The research underscores the growing importance of ESG in M&A due diligence, where non-financial metrics such as ethical sourcing, carbon footprint, and board governance now influence deal valuations and post-acquisition performance. It also addresses jurisdictional overlaps between the National Green Tribunal (NGT) and National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), posing challenges in ESG enforcement. Furthermore, the study reveals gaps in ESG reporting, standardization, data credibility, and the lack of independent assurance, particularly among mid-tier companies and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).

The paper concludes by advocating for culturally contextualized ESG frameworks, improved digital traceability, third-party certifications, and stronger regulatory coordination. For Indian companies to remain competitive in global markets, embedding ESG into core business models is not just advisable it is imperative.

Keywords: Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG); India; luxury fashion; mergers & acquisitions (M&A); Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI); Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR); Global Reporting Initiative (GRI); Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI); corporate governance; sustainability; due diligence

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CYBER TERRORIST – UNDERSTANDING MOTIVATION AND BEHAVIOUR

AUTHOR – ANKUR SHARMA* & DR. AISHWARYA PANDEY**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – ANKUR SHARMA & DR. AISHWARYA PANDEY, THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CYBER TERRORIST – UNDERSTANDING MOTIVATION AND BEHAVIOUR, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 96-99, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The study of the psychological aspect of cyber terrorists is a sensitive and broad subject that endeavours to uncover the causes of setting up cyber terrorists. The existing research in the field of cyber terrorism is further analyzed in this abstract concentrating on the psychological orientation of the cyber terrorists themselves including their reasons for the act, the manner they think and the behavioral characteristic they exhibit.

It is expectable that cyber terrorists act on basis of Sizes; Ideologies and & political reasons ; Money; Revenge^[1]. These motivations are the same as those of traditional terrorists but done via the use of technology. Lives will be at stake; emotional wellbeing will be affected; those on the receiving end become stressed, anxious and feel insecure^[2]. It is also worthy of note that cyber terrorists are intelligent, technical, and are usually associated with great risks. Furthermore, Both the narcissism, the need for acknowledgment or power may also contribute to their behaviours.

Knowledge of these psychological factors, therefore, is important if one has to come up with countermeasures and defenses against the problem. Understanding the psychological profile of cyber terrorists can therefore help officials design strategies to counter act threats from these groups. This abstract brings into perspective of the psychological perspectives that require integration to enhance the fight against cyber terrorism in the contemporary society.

Keywords : Cyber terrorist , Cyber terrorism , Radicalization , Psychological behaviour

---

[1] “The Psychology of Cybercriminals: Understanding Motivations and Behaviour by Grady Anderson & MoldStud Research Team”

[2]“Cyberterrorism: its effects on psychological well-being, public confidence and political attitudes : Journal of Cybersecurity, Volume 3, Issue 1, March 2017, Pages 49–58”

ANTITRUST MEETS OIL MARKETS: PERSPECTIVES FROM INDIA AND ABROAD

AUTHOR – ANIKET RAINA, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – ANIKET RAINA, ANTITRUST MEETS OIL MARKETS: PERSPECTIVES FROM INDIA AND ABROAD, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 84-95, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Crude Oil or Black Gold as aptly referred is a crucial gear piece to the global economy’s machinery, powering and paving its trajectory. Standing on the shoulders of this precious resource and its derivatives, companies have amassed vast fortunes but like any commercialized product is susceptible to domineering and exploitative forces which in recent times have included “antitrust” as a response. In lieu of the same, this paper, in its entirety, acts pursuant to the aspect of antitrust in the oil market and its derivatives in India and abroad. The paper begins with an overview of antitrust and oil markets while rendering brief detail to the questions at hand and the scope and structure of the paper. Subsequently, the paper provides a succinct overview of the antitrust landscape in India and that of the Indian Oil Market and its derivatives followed by a thorough comparative analysis of antitrust approaches in India vis-à-vis foreign jurisdictions respectively. It is in lieu of the aforementioned backdrop that a summary of findings reinforced by recommendations and a conclusion is furnished therein inscribing the future tryst between oil markets and antitrust.

Keywords: crude oil, antitrust, derivatives, abuse of dominance, competition

THE CHALLENGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTEMPORARY ART AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

AUTHOR – LOKENDER YADAV, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – LOKENDER YADAV, THE CHALLENGING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CONTEMPORARY ART AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 78-83, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The relationship between contemporary art and intellectual property (IP) is increasingly complex, as artistic expression often challenges conventional legal frameworks. Contemporary artists frequently engage in appropriation, remixing, and digital reproduction, blurring the lines between originality and infringement. While copyright, trademark, and patent laws are designed to protect creators, they can sometimes hinder artistic innovation and cultural dialogue. Emerging technologies, such as AI-generated art and blockchain-based ownership, further complicate legal interpretations of authorship and ownership. This study examines how IP laws intersect with contemporary artistic practices, highlighting the tensions between legal protection and creative freedom. In navigating these challenges, legal frameworks must adapt to accommodate evolving artistic practices without stifling innovation. Courts and policymakers face the task of balancing the rights of original creators with the transformative nature of contemporary art. This study explores case laws, legal reforms, and alternative models like Creative Commons and open-access licensing, which offer more flexible approaches to IP in the art world. By analyzing these legal and ethical dimensions, this research aims to provide insights into how contemporary art and intellectual property can coexist in a rapidly evolving cultural landscape.

Keywords: Contemporary Art, Intellectual Property, Copyright, Artistic Innovation, Appropriation, Digital Art, Legal Frameworks, Creative Commons, AI-generated Art.

IMPACTS OF AMENDMENTS ON STARTUPS AND MSMES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

AUTHOR – PRACHI KUMARI, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – PRACHI KUMARI, IMPACTS OF AMENDMENTS ON STARTUPS AND MSMES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 947-951, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

2.1 Key Amendments Relevant to Startups and MSMEs (2019–2023)

There have been several amendments to the Companies Act, 2013, in recent years with the aim of ease of doing business and making the regulatory landscape more startup and MSME-friendly. With the understanding of the contribution of these businesses to economic growth, employment, and innovation, the Government of India initiated reforms to simplify compliance requirements, increase access to finance, and reduce regulatory requirements. The 2019-2023 amendments have been a deciding factor in promoting entrepreneurship and sustainable development of MSMEs and startups.