NON LEGAL STRATEGIES FOR SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION

AUTHOR – MOHAMED THARIC ILAHI, LLM GRADUATE (CRIMINAL JUSTICE & HUMAN RIGHTS), AT SCHOOL OF LAW, PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – MOHAMED THARIC ILAHI, NON LEGAL STRATEGIES FOR SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 513-519, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

For the development of a society, social changes are imperative. However, customs and traditions can pose a challenge in bringing about these changes. Society is accustomed to certain practices, and altering them can be a daunting task. The most effective way to bring about change is through the implementation of laws. Laws have the power to shape social change. Legal reforms have changed the face of many societies all over the world. Nevertheless, laws are not the only means of bringing about social transformation. Education, voluntary action, public opinion, moral principles, collective efforts, and social movements are equally important non-legal instruments that can bring about social change in civilised systems. If the social structure is inclined towards peace, justice, and harmony, desirable social changes will occur. This research paper will explore the non-legal strategies that have been instrumental in bringing about social change in India. Additionally, a critical analysis will be conducted to determine whether these non-legal strategies have indeed contributed to the development of society.

KEYWORDS: Social Change, Self – Respect, Discrimination, Social-upliftment.

INVISIBLE BOUNDARIES: GENDER–BASED RESTRICTIONS ON PUBLIC MOBILITY

AUTHOR – D.N. HARINI, STUDENT AT VELS SCHOOL OF LAW, VELS INSTITUE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED STUDIES (VISTAS), CHENNAI – 600 117

BEST CITATION – D.N. HARINI, INVISIBLE BOUNDARIES: GENDER–BASED RESTRICTIONS ON PUBLIC MOBILITY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 511-512, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The world is ours too.

This article highlights the silent yet powerful restrictions that shape girls’ daily lives — especially the belief that their visibility must be controlled. Rooted in personal experiences and social patterns, it questions why a girl’s presence is often treated as something to be hidden. Through reflective storytelling, it exposes how these invisible rules damage freedom, confidence, and identity. The article calls for change — for a world where girls are not confined by fear or judgment, but empowered to live freely, visibly, and with dignity.

REPOSITIONING THE VICTIM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF VICTIM CENTRIC JUSTICE IN INDIA

AUTHOR- SHIVIKA GOYAL, JRF PHD RESEARCH SCHOLAR AT RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LAW, PUNJAB

BEST CITATION – SHIVIKA GOYAL, REPOSITIONING THE VICTIM: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF VICTIM CENTRIC JUSTICE IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 499-510, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

This paper critically examines the evolving landscape of victim rights in India, with a specific focus on the shift from an offender-centric criminal justice model to one that increasingly recognizes and incorporates the voice, dignity, and rights of victims. Historically, victims in India have been relegated to the margins of the legal process, often reduced to the role of informants or passive witnesses, with little agency or protection. Drawing upon criminological theory and constitutional values, the paper traces the marginalization of victims from ancient legal traditions through colonial codifications and post-independence frameworks. The enactment of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, marks a notable legislative milestone in this journey. The paper explores key victim-centric provisions within the BNSS, such as the right to be heard before withdrawal of prosecution, the introduction of Zero FIR, access to compensation and reimbursement, provisions for in-camera trials, and enhanced protections for vulnerable groups. These reforms demonstrate a growing alignment with global standards on victim justice and reflect the influence of procedural and restorative justice philosophies.  Despite these advancements, the legislative reform alone is insufficient. Challenges such as low legal awareness, undertrained personnel, and systemic apathy continue to obstruct meaningful victim participation. Through case law analysis, policy review, and theoretical reflection, the paper advocates for structural reforms, mandatory victimology training, and institutional mechanisms to ensure effective implementation. Ultimately, the study calls for a more inclusive, participatory, and compassionate justice system one that honors the constitutional promise of justice for all, including the long-overlooked victim.

ARTICLE 370 OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

AUTHOR – GARIMA NANDA, STUDENT AT BENNETT UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – GARIMA NANDA, ARTICLE 370 OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 493-498, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

Article 370 was a part of India’s Constitution. It was an important rule that gave special status to a region of India called Jammu and Kashmir. This law came into place in 1949. Due to this law, Jammu and Kashmir could have its own set of rules and flags. They also had quite a bit of power to pass their own laws. This was different from other areas in India. The reason why this law was passed is partly because of the unique history of Jammu and Kashmir. This region became a part of India in 1947 after some big changes in the area and a conflict with Pakistan. Our article will give you details about why Article 370 was formed. What impact it had on the relationship between the region of Jammu and Kashmir and the governing body of India is also discussed. Also, it is explained how this piece of law was often a topic of debate about power sharing and unity in India. The article will inform you about the ways that this law was ended on August 5, 2019. On this day, the Indian government decided that Jammu and Kashmir will not have special status anymore. The region was also broken down into two smaller regions—these are now called Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. People are talking a lot about the decision to end Article 370. Some people are okay with it because they think it will bring more unity in India. But others are not happy with the way it was done. In this article, we also analyse how this change affects us—from how the government works, to what it means to the people living in the region, and how it might be a test for democratic values in the federal structure of India.

UNIFORMITY AND IDENTITY: THE BATTLE OF RIGHTS AND DUTIES IN INDIAN CLASSROOMS

AUTHOR – SHUBHASHISH DWIVEDI, ADVOCATE, HIGH COURT OF DELHI

(L.L.B., UNIVERSITY OF DELHI & L.L.M. IN CRIMINAL AND SECURITY LAWS, BBD UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – SHUBHASHISH DWIVEDI, UNIFORMITY AND IDENTITY: THE BATTLE OF RIGHTS AND DUTIES IN INDIAN CLASSROOMS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 488-492, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This paper interrogates the constitutional and philosophical tensions underpinning the recent hijab controversy in Indian educational institutions, particularly within the framework of school uniforms, religious freedoms, and institutional autonomy. Drawing on Nassim Nicholas Taleb’s “Minority Rule” theory, the article explores how uncompromising identity assertions by a small group can reshape public institutions, testing the delicate balance between individual rights and collective discipline. The analysis situates the hijab dispute in Karnataka within broader constitutional jurisprudence, tracing landmark decisions to contrast institutional neutrality with evolving notions of personal liberty under Articles 19, 21, and 25 of the Indian Constitution.

By critically examining the judiciary’s attempts to navigate the “essential religious practice” doctrine, secularism, and educational autonomy, the article underscores the pedagogical role of uniformity in nurturing egalitarian learning environments. It argues that while religious expression is constitutionally protected, it must yield—particularly in schools—to the higher goals of inclusivity, discipline, and neutrality. Ultimately, the paper cautions against transforming schools into arenas of identity politics, urging a recalibration of rights and duties in accordance with India’s constitutional ethos of unity in diversity.

CORPORATE GROUP LIABILITY IN ISDS CLAIMS: EXPLORING INDIAN PARENT–SUBSIDIARY STRUCTURES AND ATTRIBUTION OF INVESTOR ACTIONS

AUTHOR – HIMANSHU RANJAN, STUDENT AT NB THAKUR LAW COLLEGE, NASHIK

BEST CITATION – HIMANSHU RANJAN, CORPORATE GROUP LIABILITY IN ISDS CLAIMS: EXPLORING INDIAN PARENT–SUBSIDIARY STRUCTURES AND ATTRIBUTION OF INVESTOR ACTIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 485-486, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This article investigates the complex landscape of corporate group liability in Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) claims, focusing on the attribution of investor actions within Indian parent–subsidiary structures. As India continues to modernise its Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) framework and navigates an increasingly globalised investment environment, the traditional principle of corporate separateness poses unique challenges. The doctrine of attribution, derived from international law and domestic legal principles, has evolved to encompass corporate group structures, often testing the boundaries of separate legal personality. This paper critically analyses key ISDS cases that have challenged or reinforced these boundaries, evaluates India’s legislative and judicial approach to corporate liability, and explores how corporate structuring may be used strategically—sometimes abusively—by investors. The study concludes by offering recommendations for India’s treaty practices and domestic policy alignment to ensure a fair balance between investor protection and state sovereignty.

DATA PROTECTION ACT IN INDIA: SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE PRESENT NATIONAL ISSUES

AUTHOR – MR. MD JIYAUDDIN, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF LAW, BRAINWARE UNIVERSITY, BARASAT, KOLKATA, IMDJIYAUDDIN@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – MR. MD JIYAUDDIN, DATA PROTECTION ACT IN INDIA: SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE PRESENT NATIONAL ISSUES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 473-483, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Protecting personal data has become a top priority for people, businesses, and governments throughout the world in an era characterised by an unparalleled growth of digital data and the unrelenting advancement of technology. The impact of social media on people’s right to privacy has sparked considerable controversy. The importance of data protection has grown dramatically over the last several decades, reaching previously inconceivable heights as a result of global digitalisation, especially in India. Overall, data protection is more concerned with personal liberty, fairness, human dignity, individuality and family life. Data protection is generally recognised; nonetheless, the method of coding data is relatively recent. Because societies are always developing, there is an urgent need to redefine data protection. The article also looks at the technological components of data privacy, such as data encryption, anonymisation, and localisation restrictions, and how successful they are in protecting personal data. Furthermore, the article examines the obstacles that Indian organisations experience while implementing data privacy safeguards and recommends best practices for overcoming these challenges. By providing useful insights into the existing status of data privacy in India, this paper makes recommendations for improving data protection policies, which would benefit people, organisations, and society as a whole. This research paper also discusses legislative provisions, such as the Personal Data Protection Act of 2023 and the creation of regulatory organisations to protect privacy.

Key words: Digital data, Right to privacy, Data protection, Indian organisations, Safeguards and Recommends.

HARMONIOS INTERPRETATION OF THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 AND THE COMPETITION ACT, 2002

AUTHOR – ASHI YADAV, STUDENT AT SRMS COLLEGE OF LAW, BAREILLY

BEST CITATION – ASHI YADAV, HARMONIOS INTERPRETATION OF THE PATENTS ACT, 1970 AND THE COMPETITION ACT, 2002, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 468-472, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The paramount objective of the article is to provide an insight about the positive relationship between The Patents Act, 1970 and The Competition Act, 2002 under Indian legal provisions which are often considered to work in opposite of each other’s aim but in reality they complement each other. When analysed thoroughly, their provisions regarding promotion of innovation in relation to the public welfare, they stand on the same pace. The author has compiled the relevant statutory provisions of The Patents Act, 1970 and The Competition Act, 2002 particularly about the complementary relationship between the compulsory licensing and the prohibition of Monopolistic practices, aiming to promote public welfare.

Keywords – Patents, Fair Competition, Monopolistic practices, Compulsory Licensing

A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISEMENTS ON CONSUMER BRAND PREFERENCES

AUTHOR – SHAKTHITHARAN. D, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – SHAKTHITHARAN. D, A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISEMENTS ON CONSUMER BRAND PREFERENCES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 457-465, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract:

Advertising plays a crucial role in shaping consumer brand preferences, yet the mechanisms through which advertisements influence consumer behavior are multifaceted and complex. This study aims to investigate the impact of advertisements on consumer brand preferences through a comprehensive review of literature and empirical analysis. The literature review examines theoretical frameworks, empirical studies, and regulatory initiatives related to advertising and consumer behavior, providing insights into factors influencing the effectiveness of advertising, such as message content, emotional appeals, and media channels. Additionally, the review explores government initiatives aimed at regulating advertising practices and protecting consumers from misleading or harmful advertisements. Empirical analysis involves surveying a diverse sample of consumers to assess the influence of advertising on brand awareness, attitudes, and purchase intentions. Results indicate a significant correlation between advertising exposure and consumer brand preferences, highlighting the importance of strategic advertising efforts in building brand equity and driving consumer purchase decisions. The findings of this study have important implications for marketers, policymakers, and researchers, informing the development of more effective advertising strategies, regulatory policies, and future research directions in the field of advertising and consumer behavior.

Key words: Advertising, Consumer behavior, Brand preferences, Brand awareness

A STUDY ON ENCROACHMENT BY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS ON PUBLIC LANDS

AUTHOR – GOWRI SHANKARI. R* & VIJAYARAGHAVAN. K**

* ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF LAW, VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED STUDIES, PALLAVARAM, CHENNAI – 600117

** LL.B., VISTAS ALUMNI (3 YEARS LL.B., B-SECTION 2022-2025)

BEST CITATION – GOWRI SHANKARI. R & VIJAYARAGHAVAN. K, A STUDY ON ENCROACHMENT BY RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS ON PUBLIC LANDS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 448-456, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The article aims in highlighting the judicial commitment towards preserving the goals of government to curb unauthorized occupation of government lands from all modes of encroachment including encroachment by religious institutions. The civic, municipal and rural administration should attempt at the grass root level to protect and prevent the government lands from encroachments. The public administration holds the responsibilities to identify the encroachment at the initial stage with the coordination of respective Revenue and Disaster Management Department for necessary actions taken jointly under due procedures. While in the present scenario were encroachment had not been prevented in the budding stage by the civic administration, the task of evicting the encroachers or to safeguard the government lands from the encroachers occupies a lengthy litigation process. The lethargic attitude of enforcement officials to curb the encroachment result in loss to the exchequer money, and subsequent attempt in removing the encroachment leads to humiliate the sentiments of religious feeling. Tamil Nadu government released statistics stating that over 3,000 places of worship were built on public places, with reference to high court order of Madras. Failure in upholding rule of law by the administration entrusted by the respective State government, forces the judiciary to reinstating the justice through its decisions against encroachment. The verdict delivered by the court incorporates judicial caution to avoid any unintended overreach in their judgment when acting on encroachment. This attitude of courts indicates promotion of social justice and welfare in accordance with the government policies. The Supreme Court plays a pivotal role in eradicating encroachment by religious institution and through any other forms in the country.

Key words:

Encroachment; public places; temple; mosque; church; gurudwar; shrine