FROM CONFINEMENT TO REHABILITATION : RETHINKING PRISONER RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE

NAME OF AUTHOR – DRONE KRISHNA, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY JHARKHAND

BEST CITATION – DRONE KRISHNA, FROM CONFINEMENT TO REHABILITATION : RETHINKING PRISONER RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 575-581, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The Constitution of India ensures that every person is treated equally under the law or provided with equal legal protection while in India. This also applies to prisoners, who are guaranteed certain rights and should be treated as individuals. Indian courts, including the Supreme Court, acknowledge the fundamental rights of prisoners in India. The Supreme Court has emphasised that regardless of the circumstances that led a person to commit a crime, prisoners must be treated with respect and provided with basic human rights, dignity and compassion.

Mahatma Gandhi once said, “Crime is the result of a troubled mind and prisons should provide an environment for treatment and care.”

AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF STRESS MANAGEMENT STYLES AMONG MEDAL-WINNING NATIONAL HANDBALL PLAYERS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – VIJAY SINGH RATNAKAR, PHD. SCHOLAR AT DR. CV RAMAN UNIVERSITY,BILASPUR

BEST CITATION – VIJAY SINGH RATNAKAR, AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF STRESS MANAGEMENT STYLES AMONG MEDAL-WINNING NATIONAL HANDBALL PLAYERS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 569-575, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Background of the Study

Sports psychology has gained prominence in India as athletes now face intense competitive and societal pressures. Traditionally, coaches focused on physical training, but “many teams around the world have been utilizing mental techniques in the improvement of players’ performance”[1]. In other words, sports psychologists recognize that stress management is integral to peak performance. For example, it has been noted that the primary interest of sport psychologists is to “provide and maintain an athlete’s mental health and well-being in the midst of the stresses of a competition,” thereby improving athletic performance[2][1]. Indian athletes are no exception: recent surveys report that a large majority (around 78%) of Indian sportspeople feel moderate-to-high stress before major events, often driven by fear of failure[3]. In high-visibility sports like handball, national-level medalists shoulder especially heavy burdens of expectation, given that India’s men’s and women’s teams have captured South Asian Games gold medals in recent years. In this context, effective stress management is critical both for sustaining performance under pressure and for safeguarding athlete well-being[4][1]. Sports psychologists emphasize techniques – from mental rehearsal to relaxation exercises – to help players “cope with stressful situations” and stabilize performance[5][1]. In India today, institutional support for athlete mental health is growing: for the first time the Indian Olympic Association’s Paris 2024 team included a sports psychologist and psychiatrist on its medical staff, underscoring that “the mental wellness of an athlete is extremely important”[6][7]. This study therefore examines how elite Indian handball players manage stress, with a view to improving coping strategies for medal-winning athletes.

JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION AND WITNESS PROTECTION: A REVIEW OF LANDMARK INDIAN JUDGMENTS

AUTHOR – BONALA KISHAN* &  DR. Y. PADMAJA RANI**

RESEARCH SCHOLAR (PH.D.)* & ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR (RETD.)**

DEPARTMENT OF LAW, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF LAW, KAKTIYA UNIVERSITY, WARANGAL – 506009

BEST CITATION – BONALA KISHAN &  DR. Y. PADMAJA RANI, JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION AND WITNESS PROTECTION: A REVIEW OF LANDMARK INDIAN JUDGMENTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 560-569, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Witness protection is a fundamental aspect of ensuring justice in any criminal justice system. In India, however, the safety and well-being of witnesses have historically been neglected, leading to a high incidence of witness hostility, retractions, and intimidation—especially in high-profile or politically sensitive cases. This has resulted in the derailment of many trials, thereby undermining public trust in the judiciary and the criminal justice process. Recognizing these challenges, the Indian judiciary has emerged as a proactive institution in developing legal strategies and safeguards to protect witnesses, particularly in the absence of a robust statutory framework for many years. This article critically examines the evolution of judicial interpretation concerning witness protection in India. It explores landmark judgments such as Zahira Habibulla Sheikh v. State of Gujarat, Sakshi v. Union of India, Praful Desai v. State of Maharashtra, and Mahender Chawla v. Union of India, among others. These decisions have played a crucial role in affirming that the right to a fair trial under Article 21 of the Constitution includes the right of witnesses to depose without fear, coercion, or undue influence. The article further analyzes the Supreme Court’s endorsement of the Witness Protection Scheme, 2018, and evaluates its operational scope and limitations. It also offers comparative insights from jurisdictions like the United States and the United Kingdom, emphasizing the need for legislative reform and effective implementation mechanisms. Ultimately, this article argues that witness protection is not merely a procedural necessity but a constitutional obligation. Strengthening judicial interpretation with statutory backing and administrative support is vital to ensure that justice is not only done but seen to be done.

Keywords: Criminal Justice System, Witness Protection, Judicial Interpretation, Hostile Witnesses, Fair Trial, Constitutional Law, Law Reforms, Human Rights

BEYOND PUNISHMENT: REIMAGINING MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN INDIA’S PRISONS

AUTHOR – SACHI DHAIRYASHIL KALE, STUDENT AT SVKM’S PRAVIN GANDHI COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – SACHI DHAIRYASHIL KALE, BEYOND PUNISHMENT: REIMAGINING MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN INDIA’S PRISONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 553-559, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

India’s prison system places minimal focus on rehabilitation, especially with regard to mental health, and is largely intended for punishment and containment. Many prisoners have untreated mental health issues that are exacerbated by systemic neglect, overcrowding, isolation, and a lack of medical attention. The present condition of mental healthcare in Indian prisons is examined in this study, along with its institutional and legal flaws and the detrimental effects it has on both prisoners and the larger criminal justice system. Based on government reports, case law, and international norms, the analysis emphasises how important reform is. It also promotes a change in viewpoint, moving away from punitive incarceration and towards a rights-based, rehabilitative model that puts mental health first, using descriptive and analytical techniques.

This paper aims to conduct an in-depth examination of the current state of mental healthcare in Indian prisons by analysing the systemic, legal, and institutional shortcomings that contribute to the neglect of prisoners’ psychological well-being. It seeks to explore how the existing punitive and containment-focused prison model adversely affects individuals with mental health issues, and to evaluate the extent to which national policies, judicial precedents, and international human rights standards are being upheld. Through a combination of descriptive and analytical methods, the study further aims to advocate for the adoption of a rights-based, rehabilitative framework within the Indian correctional system—one that prioritises mental health as a critical component of criminal justice reform and promotes humane, dignified, and effective incarceration practices.

Keywords: Punitive incarceration, Mental health neglect, Systemic reform, Rights-based rehabilitation, Institutional flaws

AN ANALYSIS OF HINDU WOMAN’S RIGHT TO PROPERTY UNDER HINDU SUCCESSION ACT, 1956 AND HINDU SUCCESSION [AMENDMENT] ACT, 2005

AUTHOR – P JANANI, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW – THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – P JANANI, AN ANALYSIS OF HINDU WOMAN’S RIGHT TO PROPERTY UNDER HINDU SUCCESSION ACT, 1956 AND HINDU SUCCESSION [AMENDMENT] ACT, 2005, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 547-552, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

In India there are no codified or consolidated legal provisions which provide property right to women. It always gets determined depending on the religion or faith or religious school to which she belongs, her marital status and her place of birth or based on the place of origin. In ancient times, women does not have any kind of share or ownership in fathers property because  of the domination of male in succession i.e., Male was considered the head of the joint family & therefore he holds the rights to ancestral property. Hindu Succession Act 1956 originally did not gave inheritance rights for women in the ancestral property instead it gave the right of maintanence from Hindu Joint family. Most effect was done in status of women in his father’s property after the Hindu Succession Act 2005 and this amendment tried to maintain Article 14, 15, & 21 of the Constitution of India which upheld the fundamental rights being assured to both men and women without any gender discrimination. There are certain provisions of Hindu Succession Act 1956 amended by Hindu Succession Amendment Act 2005 after which various issues raised regarding interest of women in ancestral property and questions as to whether this amendment Act had a Prospective effect or Retrospective effect was put forth before the Judiciary which gave an excellent interpretation or explanation for prospective effect.

FROM STIGMA TO ACCEPTANCE: STATUS OF SINGLE – PARENT ADOPTION IN INDIA

AUTHOR – AYUSHMAN MISHRA, STUDENT AT BENNETT UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – AYUSHMAN MISHRA, FROM STIGMA TO ACCEPTANCE: STATUS OF SINGLE – PARENT ADOPTION IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 542-546, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Adoption is a heartfelt act of love and humanity, it gives a child who has been abandoned or deprived of basic family setting due to any reason, a nurturing home . It also allows a couple who’s deprived of having biological children to experience the joy of raising a child as their own. Though adoption is usually associated with married couple, an individual can also go for adoption and assume parental responsibility for a child. The article will explore the difficulties that single parents face when going for adoption encompassing legal restrictions and societal biases. The article with also try and explain the societal attitudes towards such adoptions . Additionally the recent amendments and cases that shaped the statutes in this matter will be discussed in order to give a better idea and understanding on status of single parent adoption in India.

Key words: Single parent, Adoption, Responsibility, Legal restrictions, Societal attitude

A COMPARATIVE LOOK AT THE RIGHT TO LIFE IN INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES

AUTHOR – OYNDRI MUKHERJEE, STUDENT AT MAHARASHTRA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, NAGPUR

BEST CITATION – OYNDRI MUKHERJEE, A COMPARATIVE LOOK AT THE RIGHT TO LIFE IN INDIA AND THE UNITED STATES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 536-541, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

I.        ABSTRACT

This study offers a comparative analysis of the Right to Life as protected under India’s Article 21 and the U.S. Constitution’s Due Process Clause. It explores how different constitutional frameworks, judicial philosophies, and social-political contexts shape the scope and application of this fundamental right. Emphasizing cultural and political influences, the paper discusses lessons each country can learn from the other to strengthen legal protections. The findings encourage reforms to better secure this universal right, reflecting evolving human dignity and societal needs.

A STUDY OF CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION AND BNSS & CRPC

AUTHOR – P. ELAVARASAN* & M.MOHANAPRIYA**

* 5TH YEAR B.A.LL.B, GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE VILUPPURAM

** II YEAR LLM (ENVIRONMENTAL LAW), CHENNAI DR.AMBEDKAR GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE, PUDUPAKKAM

BEST CITATION – P. ELAVARASAN & M.MOHANAPRIYA, A STUDY OF CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS AND JUDICIAL INTERPRETATION OF THE PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION AND BNSS & CRPC, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 525-535, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

This essay critically analyzes the connection between Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which requires the court to question the accused, and Article 20(3) of the Indian Constitution, which protects the right against self-incrimination. The paper investigates how, when interpreted within their constitutional and procedural bounds, these provisions – despite their apparent differences in intent – can work in concert. As a fundamental protection, Article 20(3) makes sure that no one is forced to give testimony or evidence that might be used against them in a criminal case. On the other hand, Section 313 CrPC serves as a procedural tool that allows the accused to address or clarify incriminating facts that come up during the trial. The study clarifies that Section 313 is not essentially coercive but rather functions as a facilitative instrument that gives the accused a chance to tell their story by analysing statute provisions and judicial reasoning. The study also discusses the evidential limitations of remarks made in accordance with this clause, emphasizing that while they are acceptable for consideration, such responses do not alone have the standing of substantial evidence. The results highlight the need to apply Section 313 cautiously by the courts to prevent it from being used as a tool to close gaps in the prosecution’s evidence. The article comes to the conclusion that applying Section 313 CrPC in a way that is morally and constitutionally sound not only protects the right against self-incrimination but also enhances the fairness and integrity of the criminal justice system.

KEYWORDS: Accused’s Rights, Self-Incrimination, Procedural Fairness, Evidentiary Value, Natural Justice.

SLANDER OF GOODS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: REGULATING FAKE REVIEWS

AUTHOR – ADVAITH SRI KRISHNA DATTA MAMIDAN, STUDENT AT SYMBIOSIS LAW SCHOOL NOIDA

BEST CITATION – ADVAITH SRI KRISHNA DATTA MAMIDAN, SLANDER OF GOODS IN THE DIGITAL AGE: REGULATING FAKE REVIEWS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 520-524, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344
INTRODUCTION

In today’s digital marketplace online ratings and reviews have a significant effect on businesses. They are a significant influence on consumer decision making and the formation of the reputation of the brand in the network. In a way, they contribute to the transparency. However, when fake and misleading reviews are involved, their presence can lead to financial damage. In many cases, these are proven practices of unfair competition, which in turn can lead to loss and damage the consumer’s trust. This phenomenon is called a slander of goods; that is, a deliberate or accidental publication of false information causing the decline in the reputation of the product or company. With the increasing reliance of businesses on the digital world, the issue of malicious reviews, fake testimonials, and competitors’ negative campaigns has become an area of serious legal concerns. Addressing these challenges will create a strong regulatory framework, balancing the right to freedom of speech with the protection against commercial reputation damage.

FUTURE PROSPECTS OF EUROPEAN DEFENSE POST NATO SUMMIT -2025

AUTHOR – DR.SATISH KARAD, ASSO.PROFESSOR AT INDRARAJ ARTS,COMMERCE AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, SILLOD

BEST CITATION – DR.SATISH KARAD, FUTURE PROSPECTS OF EUROPEAN DEFENSE POST NATO SUMMIT -2025, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 526-530, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

 At the recently concluded North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Summit in the Netherlands, member nations pledged to allocate 5 percent of GDP to defense, exceeding the current threshold of 2 percent by more than double. The updated baseline of 5 percent is to be attained within the next decade, with a progress review planned for 2029. This Paper focuses on implications of defense spending by NATO members.
Preface-
The 2025 NATO Summit occurred in The Hague from June 24 to 25. The assembly convened the Heads of State from all 32 member nations, representatives from the European Union (EU), and select partner countries to discuss security and defense challenges confronting the alliance. The principal focus of the Summit was the commitment by member nations to elevate their defense expenditures to 5 percent of GDP, exceeding the existing target of 2 percent by more than double. This issue brief encapsulates the principal outcomes of the NATO Summit 2025 and delineates the current contributions of member states, contextualizing the evolving dynamics of European defense following the Russia-Ukraine War.