Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES’ PROVIDENT FUND AND ITS ROLE IN SECURING EMPLOYEES’ FUTURE IN INDIA

AUTHOR – PRABANJALI S.P, TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – PRABANJALI S.P, A STUDY ON EMPLOYEES’ PROVIDENT FUND AND ITS ROLE IN SECURING EMPLOYEES’ FUTURE IN INDIA DELAYS?, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 173-180, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) is a pivotal social security scheme in India, aimed at promoting savings among employees for their post-retirement life. Managed by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organization (EPFO), the EPF scheme plays a significant role in ensuring financial stability and social welfare. This paper examines the legal framework, practical implementation, judicial interpretations, and challenges of the EPF system in India. Through this study, the aim is to analyze the adequacy, accessibility, and effectiveness of the EPF in safeguarding employees’ economic future, while also identifying gaps in policy and implementation. Recommendations for strengthening the framework are also proposed.

Keywords – Employees’ Provident Fund, EPFO, Social Security, Retirement Benefits, Labor Law, Employee Welfare, Indian Constitution, Financial Security

IMPACT OF BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA ON UNDERTRAIL PRISONERS: WILL IT REDUCE JUDICIAL DELAYS?

AUTHOR – ANSHU SINGH AT STUDENT GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA (U.P)

BEST CITATION – ANSHU SINGH, IMPACT OF BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA ON UNDERTRAIL PRISONERS: WILL IT REDUCE JUDICIAL DELAYS?, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 167-172, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The Indian criminal justice system has long been criticized for its inefficient and protracted delays which disproportionately affect undertrail prisoners. According to NCRB 2022 figures, 75% of the prisoner’s population comprises of undertrail prisoners. Article 21 of the constitution which safeguards the rights to life and personal freedoms is violated by the fact that these individuals are regularly imprisoned for years without being proved guilty. The Bharatiya Nagarik suraksha sanhita (BNSS),2023, aims to solve these systemic problems by enacting procedural reforms including time-bound investigations, default bail arrangements, adjournment constraints and technological integration in judicial processes.

This article critically investigates whether these reforms can lessen judicial delays and the crisis that undertrail inmates face. Although BNSS brings about some encouraging reforms, it mostly ignores systemic issues like judicial vacancies underfunded legal aid programs, overcrowding in prisons, and a lack of strong institutional accountability. Additionally the law loses the chances to institutionalize fair access to justice and does not codify progressive bail jurisprudence.

This article highlights the significance of enforceable custody limits, effective prosecutorial oversight, strong public defender frameworks in preventing arbitrary detention and accelerating justice, drawing on comparative insights from the US and UK. These global models demonstrate how undertrail populations can benefit from significant outcomes when procedural innovations are combined with structural and institutional reforms. The article concludes by making that BNSS represents a substantial procedural change, full implementation, institutional strengthening and addiction to judicial reform are necessary to achieve its full potential.

Keywords: Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), undertrail prisoners, criminal justice reform, judicial delay, right to speedy trial, bail provisions, default bail, legal aid in India, plea bargaining, summary trials, prison overcrowding, judicial infrastructure, Section 193 BNSS, Section 187 BNSS, technological integration in trials, video conferencing in courts, Speedy Trial Act (USA), Prosecution of Offences Act (UK), human rights, institutional accountability, comparative criminal justice.

CHILD CUSTODY DECISIONS IN THE SHADOW OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN INDIA

AUTHOR – JAYANTIKA THAKUR, ADVOCATE & LLM SCHOLAR AT AMITY INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES, AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH

BEST CITATION – JAYANTIKA THAKUR, CHILD CUSTODY DECISIONS IN THE SHADOW OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 157-166, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This paper explores the complex dynamics of child custody decisions in India, particularly concerning domestic violence. It highlights the significant effects that domestic abuse—whether witnessed or experienced by children—can have on their emotional and psychological development, often resulting in long-lasting consequences. The Indian legal framework, through laws such as the Guardians and Wards Act, the Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act etc. which seeks to prioritize the “best interests of the child.” However, obstacles such as systemic flaws, patriarchal influences, outdated legislation, and inconsistent judicial practices often hinder its effective implementation. The article further examines the nuanced effects of domestic violence on children, the evolution of custody laws, and the commitment to prioritizing the child’s best interests, advocating for reforms that are trauma-informed and child-centered. It concludes with recommendations for strengthening legal protections and ensuring comprehensive safety for children involved in custody disputes arising from domestic violence.

NON- PERFORMING ASSET: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SAMAN RIZWAN* & ASHUTOSH UTSAV**

* ASSOCIATE AT ORBIT LAW SERVICES

** PURSUING MASTER OF LAWS IN COMPARATIVE LAW, ECONOMICS AND FINANCE IUC TURIN

BEST CITATION – SAMAN RIZWAN & ASHUTOSH UTSAV, NON- PERFORMING ASSET: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 145-156, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

Non-performing assets (NPAs) are a key source of concern for Indian banks because they reflect badly on the performance of the banks. High NPAs signal a high risk of mass loan defaults, which can damage bank profitability and net value. Banks must set aside provisions to compensate for NPAs, which affects their total earnings and shareholder value. The issue of NPAs has received a lot of attention in the Indian financial sector. NPAs have an impact on the entire economy, not just banks. In truth, the high number of NPAs in Indian banks is only a reflection of the industry’s and trade’s general health. NPAs are higher in public sector banks than in private sector banks. Banks must schedule NPAs in order to increase efficiency and profitability. The government has made a lot of initiatives to reduce NPAs, but it will be difficult to totally remove them. However, by competing with global banks, Indian banks can attempt to meet worldwide standards. NPAs cause losses and poorer profitability in banks and the financial system, as well as an asset-liability mismatch. This is ultimately determined by how effectively banks handle various risks in their operations. The purpose of this research is to identify the issues that Indian banks confront by the NPA. These concerns and challenges were identified using secondary data from diverse sources. Then suggestions are offered about how to overcome these challenges.

Keywords: Banking, NPA, asset, debt, default, challenges.

ANALYSIS OF UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES

AUTHOR-NIVEDHA MANI, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDHKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI-600113 MAIL-nivedhamani23@gmail.com

BEST CITATION – NIVEDHA MANI, ANALYSIS OF UNFAIR LABOUR PRACTICES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 135-144, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

          Unfair labour practices are defined in the Industrial Disputes Act, 1982, which also outlines specific acts that fall under this category. Addressing such practices is one of the key objectives of the Act. These practices are typically carried out by employers or trade unions and may result in the violation of the rights and protections provided under labour laws. If an employer, trade union, or worker engages in any unfair labour practice, they can be held accountable under the provisions of the Act, which includes penalties and restrictions against such actions. Whether a particular act qualifies as an unfair labour practice depends on the facts, circumstances, and judicial interpretation of each case. Moreover, state governments also implement their own legislation to curb unfair labour practices.

Keywords: Unfair labour practices, Industrial Disputes Act, Employers, Trade unions, Workers, Labour laws.

INNOVATION CHALLENGES IN THE MODERN REALM OF AI AND GROWING TECHNOLOGY: A CONTEMPLATIVE AND SWOT ANALYSIS

AUTHORS – JAIVARDHAN GOYAL & ISHIKA AGARWAL

STUDENTS AT DR. RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – JAIVARDHAN GOYAL & ISHIKA AGARWAL, INNOVATION CHALLENGES IN THE MODERN REALM OF AI AND GROWING TECHNOLOGY: A CONTEMPLATIVE AND SWOT ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 124-134, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) through machines and computer applications closely mimic human intelligence via iterative processing and algorithmic machine learning. From texts, images, designs, and music to mimicking voices or deepfakes either be it prominent leaders or individuals to extract money from the family. AI replicates the styles, patterns, and themes of existing copyrighted works, raising a critical question on originality, authorship and ownership of the work thus created.

AI doesn’t work independently and fed on the information through a generative tool with the given datasets, so when critically evaluated, AI is a tool that further raises the question of the ownership of the content created. These advancements while offering efficiency and creativity blur the line between legitimate inspiration and copyright infringement thus highlighting the gaps in existing trademarks and copyright law. This phenomenon of mimicking original human work or art undermines the rights of original creators and enforcement mechanisms when AI reproductions are not identical and follows a closely similar style to the original ones.

The legal, ethical, economic, and social influence due to AI’s ability to generate high-quality imitations threatens to devalue human creativity, disrupt artistic industries and dilute the markets that value authentic work which is also profound. This paper aims to analyse the challenges posed by AI, and also discuss case studies of emerging technologies, underscoring the urgency to equivalate the balance between innovation and AI-generated work, ensuring that technological progress does not come at the cost of stifling human innovation, ingenuity, and legal rights.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Contemplative analysis, Movable property, Intellectual property, Balance of innovation and AI generated content.

CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS: REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL M&A TRANSACTIONS

AUTHOR – ANNLIYA ANIL, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – ANNLIYA ANIL, CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS: REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL M&A TRANSACTIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 109-123, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) play a major role in global economic integration, enabling companies to expand into new markets, access strategic assets, and achieve economies of scale. However, these transactions are often seen to be affected by complex and contradicting regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions. This research examines major legal and regulatory challenges in multi-jurisdictional M&A transactions, highlighting antitrust and competition law, foreign direct investment (FDI) restrictions, corporate governance, taxation issues, and intellectual property considerations.

This study involves analysis of statutes, case laws, and regulatory frameworks across major economies to identify the primary obstacles faced by multinational corporations in structuring and executing cross-border M&A deals. It also studies cases of successful and failed transactions to illustrate the practical implications of these regulatory challenges. The aim is to provide or suggest strategic legal approaches corporations can adopt to navigate these hurdles, including enhanced due diligence, regulatory risk assessment, and deal structuring mechanisms. Additionally, this study offers policy recommendations for better regulation, and greater international cooperation in M&A to create a more efficient legal environment. 

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES

AUTHOR – AYUSHMAN TRIPATHI* & DR. SUKRITI YADAV**

* LL.M (CRIMINAL LAW) SCHOLAR AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – AYUSHMAN TRIPATHI & DR. SUKRITI YADAV, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 101-108, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Domestic violence, often concealed behind the veil of familial privacy, remains one of the most pervasive and underreported forms of human rights violations globally. In the Indian context, domestic violence is not confined to physical harm alone—it encompasses emotional, verbal, sexual, and economic abuse, frequently normalized within patriarchal structures. Recognizing the urgent need for comprehensive legal protection, the Indian Parliament enacted the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDVA), marking a paradigm shift in addressing domestic abuse through civil law remedies.

This research paper aims to critically analyze the contemporary relevance of the PWDVA, its legal interpretation by Indian courts, and the practical challenges in its implementation across different socio-economic segments. While the Act provides significant reliefs such as residence rights, protection orders, and monetary compensation, its on-ground execution is hindered by systemic lapses—ranging from inadequate infrastructure to societal stigma and lack of awareness.  Furthermore, the paper delves into judicial precedents that have shaped the understanding of “domestic relationship” and “aggrieved person,” and evaluates the performance of institutional mechanisms like Protection Officers and shelter homes. Through a comparative legal analysis with other jurisdictions and a socio-legal lens, the study seeks to highlight the areas where the law falls short in protecting victims effectively.

Keywords Domestic Violence, PWDVA 2005, Women’s Rights, Human Rights Violations, Patriarchy, Legal Protection, Civil Remedies, Judicial Interpretation, Socio-Legal Analysis, Protection Officers, Implementation Challenges, Shelter Homes, Gender Justice, Legal Reforms, Comparative Legal Study

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN BUSINESS LAW: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

AUTHOR – ANIRUDH SRIVASTAVA* & DR. AXITA SRIVASTAVA**

* LLM (BUSINESS LAW) SCHOLAR AT AMITY LAW UNIVERSITY

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – ANIRUDH SRIVASTAVA & DR. AXITA SRIVASTAVA, DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN BUSINESS LAW: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 98-100, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The digital transformation of businesses, driven by ground-breaking technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and e-commerce platforms, has significantly altered traditional business models. This shift challenges existing legal frameworks that govern contracts, intellectual property, data protection, and consumer rights, necessitating a re-evaluation of their adequacy in the digital age. While these technologies offer immense potential for innovation, they also pose complex legal and regulatory dilemmas. This paper examines these challenges and explores potential reforms to business law to align with the dynamics of the digital economy. Through this analysis, it becomes evident that legal systems must adapt to foster innovation while ensuring equitable and transparent regulatory practices.

Key words-Digital transformation ,Blockchain , Artificial Intelligence , Intellectual Property

JUSTICE AND SECURITY – WITNESS PROTECTION IN INDIA AND BEYOND

AUTHOR – SAURABH CHOPRA, STUDENT AT UNITED WORLD SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – SAURABH CHOPRA, JUSTICE AND SECURITY – WITNESS PROTECTION IN INDIA AND BEYOND, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 87-97, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

The role of a witness protection in a fair and effective criminal justice system is vital as it ensures that people who come forward with testimony are able to do so without fear of being intimidated, damaged, or being retaliated against. Witness safety is an important issue in India where oral evidence matters much and conviction is secured with the help of evidence of oral evidence. Witnesses throw dagger at the ball in cases where crime, terrorism, political corruption and violent offences organised take place by virtue of threats, coercion or financial inducements thereby leading to wrongful acquittals and miscarriage of justice^[1].

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[1] Neetika Vishwanath, ‘Challenges in Implementation of Witness Protection Scheme, 2018’ (2020) 34 National Law School Journal 52.