Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

LEGAL APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 2: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ZERO HUNGER

AUTHOR – RANA VISHWAJEET SINGH, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – RANA VISHWAJEET SINGH, LEGAL APPROACHES TO ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 2: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ZERO HUNGER, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 323-335, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

This research article explores the legal dimensions of Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger, analyzing the intersections between international trade, climate change, and human rights law. It examines the global challenges of food insecurity, particularly in developing nations, and critiques the limitations of current trade regimes and climate policies in addressing hunger. Drawing from international legal instruments such as the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and institutional frameworks like those of the FAO and WFP, the article emphasizes the right to food as a binding legal obligation rather than a policy aspiration. Through critical engagement with primary and secondary sources, it advocates for an integrated, rights-based approach to food security that includes legal accountability, trade justice, and climate-resilient agriculture. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for aligning national and international policies with the human right to adequate food, thereby accelerating progress toward SDG 2.

THEORY OF RUDOLPH VON JHERING AND ITS APPLICATION ON CONTEMPRARY ISSUE I.E. MEDIA TRIALS

AUTHOR – BHOOMI JAIN & DEEPANSHI SINGH

STUDENTS AT VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES AFFILIATED WITH GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – BHOOMI JAIN & DEEPANSHI SINGH, THEORY OF RUDOLPH VON JHERING AND ITS APPLICATION ON CONTEMPRARY ISSUE I.E. MEDIA TRIALS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 603-609, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the jurisprudential contributions of Rudolf von Jhering and applies his sociological theory of law to the modern phenomenon of media trials. Jhering, a 19th-century German legal philosopher, proposed that law should be understood as a practical instrument aimed at securing societal interests rather than a set of abstract principles. His idea of law as a “means to an end” emphasized state-backed coercion and social purpose over mere legal formalism. Central to his theory is the belief that individuals must actively assert their legal rights—a notion he famously captured in The Struggle for Law—to maintain both personal dignity and societal order.

The study analyzes how Jhering’s core concepts—legal consciousness, struggle for rights, and law’s purposive function—resonate within the framework of contemporary media trials. These trials, characterized by heavy media influence on legal proceedings and public opinion, demonstrate how societal forces shape perceptions of justice outside formal courtrooms. Using Jhering’s theoretical lens, the paper evaluates how media trials blur the lines between legal norms and societal narratives, often undermining judicial impartiality and the presumption of innocence.

Two landmark cases—Tourancheau and July v. France and the Weltbühne Trial—are examined to illustrate the practical tensions between press freedom and the right to a fair trial. The paper concludes that while Jhering’s theory offers valuable insights into the societal dimensions of law, its limitations lie in its optimistic assumptions about reconciling conflicting interests. Nonetheless, Jhering’s work remains foundational in understanding how law evolves through societal conflict and maintains its legitimacy through purposive action in a media-driven age.

KEYWORDS

Rudolph Von Jhering, Sociological Jurisprudence, Law And Society, Media Trial, Contemporary Challange

STRENGTHENING THE CONSUMER PROTECTION REGIME IN INDIA: ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF CENTRAL CONSUMER PROTECTION AUTHORITY (CCPA)

AUTHOR – RAJVARDHAN RAJPUT* & DR. SHOVA DEVI**

* LL.M (BUSINESS LAW) AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – RAJVARDHAN RAJPUT & DR. SHOVA DEVI, STRENGTHENING THE CONSUMER PROTECTION REGIME IN INDIA: ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF CENTRAL CONSUMER PROTECTION AUTHORITY (CCPA), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 592-602, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The landscape of consumer protection in India has undergone a significant transformation with the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, which seeks to strengthen the consumer grievance redressal mechanism through the establishment of the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA). This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the role, structure, and functioning of the CCPA, highlighting its mandate to protect, promote, and enforce the rights of consumers against unfair trade practices, misleading advertisements, and defective products or services.

The study begins with a historical overview of consumer protection in India, examining the limitations of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, which prompted the legislative overhaul. It then delves into the structural and legal foundations of the CCPA, detailing its investigative powers, regulatory authority, and ability to take suo motu cognizance of consumer rights violations. The paper further analyzes major initiatives undertaken by the CCPA, including the formulation of guidelines on e-commerce, product recalls, and actions against misleading advertisements.

Through judicial and policy-based insights, the paper also examines the synergy and occasional overlap between the CCPA and other regulatory bodies such as FSSAI, ASCI, and TRAI. In addition to highlighting key enforcement challenges—such as manpower limitations, jurisdictional conflicts, and lack of consumer awareness—the paper draws a comparative analysis with global consumer protection agencies like the FTC (USA) and CMA (UK).

Finally, the paper offers actionable recommendations to strengthen the CCPA’s framework, including enhancing autonomy, improving inter-agency coordination, increasing digital transparency, and ensuring public awareness. The study concludes that while the CCPA is a commendable initiative, its long-term success hinges on strategic reforms, administrative efficiency, and greater public engagement.

Keywords

Consumer Protection, Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA), Consumer Protection Act, 2019, Misleading Advertisements, Product Recall, E-commerce Regulation, Consumer Rights, Regulatory Enforcement, Consumer Redressal Mechanism, Fair Trade Practices, Comparative Consumer Law, FTC (USA), CMA (UK), Consumer Awareness.

DISSERTATION ON – PATENT ON GENETIC INVENTIONS

AUTHOR – K. SURYA PRASATH, LLM SCHOLAR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – K. SURYA PRASATH, DISSERTATION ON – PATENT ON GENETIC INVENTIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 952-1025, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The current landscape of intellectual property rights concerning patents on genetic inventions is characterized by a complex interplay of legal, ethical, and scientific considerations. As advancements in biotechnology and genomics continue to accelerate, the question of patentability has become increasingly contentious. The exploration of patents related to genetic inventions within the realm of intellectual property is a critical area of research that addresses the intersection of innovation, ethics, and legal frameworks. This investigation seeks to understand how genetic inventions, which encompass a wide range of biotechnological advancements, are protected under existing patent laws and how these protections influence both scientific progress and public access to genetic resources. By analysing the implications of patenting genetic materials and processes, researchers aim to uncover the potential benefits and drawbacks of such intellectual property rights, particularly in terms of fostering innovation while ensuring equitable access to genetic technologies. This study is based on doctrinal research methodology for data collection and interpreting legal texts, statutes, and case law. This methodology emphasizes the examination of existing legal principles and doctrines to derive insights and establish a coherent understanding of the law. Ultimately, the findings from this research could inform policymakers, legal experts, and the scientific community about the need for a balanced approach that promotes innovation while safeguarding public interests and ethical standards in the rapidly evolving field of genetics. And suggest, need for new legal awareness programmes to address the unique challenges posed by Patent on genetic inventions.

INDIA’S BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY MODEL & ITS IMPACT ON INDIA’S TRADE RELATIONS

AUTHOR – RISHABH WAHI, STUDENT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – RISHABH WAHI, INDIA’S BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY MODEL & ITS IMPACT ON INDIA’S TRADE RELATIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 583-591, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This paper examines India’s 2015 Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) Model and analyzes its substantial impact on India’s international trade relations. The study investigates how India’s paradigm shift from a liberal investment framework to a more restrictive and sovereignty-focused model. The ways it has influenced foreign direct investment flows and bilateral economic relationships. Through analysis of key provisions, comparison with international standards, and evaluation of post-implementation outcomes. This research identifies both protective advantages and challenging consequences of India’s revised approach. The findings suggest that while the 2015 Model BIT successfully addresses India’s sovereignty concerns. It has created significant friction in trade negotiations and investment relations, particularly with developed economies. This research contributes to understanding the delicate balance between investment protection and regulatory sovereignty. Focussing on emerging economies navigating global economic integration.

AI IN LAW: THE FINE LINE BETWEEN THREAT AND OPPORTUNITIES – EXPLORING STAKEHOLDERS DILEMMA

AUTHOR – SARASWATHY THOGAINATHAN, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – SARASWATHY THOGAINATHAN, AI IN LAW: THE FINE LINE BETWEEN THREAT AND OPPORTUNITIES – EXPLORING STAKEHOLDERS DILEMMA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 577-582, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the ability of a computer to carry out a job which typically requires human brain power. Today artificial intelligence has attained a steady pace in advancement, starting from unlocking our phones using facial recognition till setting our alarms for the next day. With this serious advancement people often see it as a threat to their jobs. Looking at it from a positive perspective, the way these machines are making people’s jobs easier and saving so much time and energy, contrary to that statement it does make people feel insecure about their skills, people’s constant need to be updated all the time, so that they don’t get replaced by a robot. This study focuses on the impacts of AI incorporated with the  legal profession and also the perception of people towards it. The data for the study had been collected through an online survey. The survey was prepared to collect opinions from people belonging to three different working sectors such as advocates, law students, IT professionals and common people also known as clients. This diversity is to get the perspectives of people from the user end, developers end and from the people who will have the most impact. The study had concluded stating that the positive effects of AI in the legal field outweighs the negative effects.

KEYWORDS:  Artificial Intelligence, Technology, Career, Threat.

INDIA’S MALARIA ELIMINATION STRATEGY: LEVERAGING DIGITAL HEALTH & GENERIC INNOVATIONS

AUTHOR – DR. S. JAMES, MA, MBA, LLM & POST-DOC FELLOW IN LAW*

* PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW, MANIPUR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR-795140, INDIA.

BEST CITATION – DR. S. JAMES, INDIA’S MALARIA ELIMINATION STRATEGY: LEVERAGING DIGITAL HEALTH & GENERIC INNOVATIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 569-576, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

India’s ambitious malaria elimination strategy is being revolutionized by AI-driven digital health tools and innovative pharmaceutical approaches. Real-time surveillance systems enhance early detection and response, minimizing disease spread through timely interventions. Mobile health applications and predictive analytics improve accessibility, ensuring at-risk populations receive swift and effective treatment. Furthermore, the development and distribution of cost-effective generic anti-malarial drugs strengthen healthcare resilience, making treatment widely available and affordable. By integrating technological innovation with public health strategies, India is accelerating progress toward a malaria-free future, setting an example for other nations facing similar challenges.

India’s fight against malaria has gained remarkable momentum through the integration of digital health technologies and generic pharmaceutical innovations. By utilizing AI-driven surveillance systems and predictive analytics, healthcare authorities can track disease patterns, forecast outbreaks, and initiate timely interventions. Mobile health applications enhance accessibility, ensuring remote and underserved populations receive adequate information, diagnosis, and treatment. Moreover, cost-effective generic antimalarial drugs provide affordable healthcare solutions, reducing financial burdens on affected communities while improving treatment efficacy. The synergy of surveillance, affordability, and innovation positions India as a global leader in malaria elimination efforts. As the nation moves closer to a malaria-free future, lessons learned from this approach could serve as a model for other regions striving to combat infectious diseases.

Keywords: Surveillance, Accessibility, AI-driven, Cost-effective, Innovation, Surveillance.

THE ORETICAL DIMENSIONS OF TRADEMARKING IN THE EMERGING METAVERSE

AUTHORS – ANKITA PANWAR* & DR. BHAVNA BATRA**

*LLM STUDENT, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

** ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA (UTTAR PRADESH)

BEST CITATION – ANKITA PANWAR & DR. BHAVNA BATRA, THE ORETICAL DIMENSIONS OF TRADEMARKING IN THE EMERGING METAVERSE, YOU PAY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 559-568, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The rise of the metaverse has brought forth intricate challenges and opportunities within trademark law. As virtual spaces develop, the integration of trademarks with digital realities calls for a reassessment of established legal frameworks. The significance of virtual goods and services in trademark protection is becoming increasingly important, as companies aim to secure their brand identity in vast digital landscapes. Implementing trademark enforcement in the digital economy necessitates flexible strategies to address issues of infringement, dilution, and unauthorized use. It is crucial to grasp how trademark law intersects with the virtual economy to maintain consumer confidence and corporate legitimacy in online marketplaces. Global trademark regulations need to adapt to tackle the distinct challenges posed by the metaverse, prompting legal scholars and practitioners to investigate solutions that synchronise trademark enforcement with technological progression. This paper explores fundamental theoretical aspects of trademarking in the metaverse, providing perspectives on how to adjust trademark law for a digital future, reduce trademark dilution, and establish effective enforcement methods in virtual environments.

Keywords: Metaverse, Trademark law, Virtual spaces, Digital realities, Trademark protection, Brand identity, Trademark enforcement, Digital economy Infringement, dilution, unauthorized use, Virtual economy, Consumer confidence, corporate legitimacy, Global trademark regulations, Technological progression.

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW – YOU POLLUTE, YOU PAY

AUTHOR – DHARIKHA UDHAYAKUMAR, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES  (SIMATS) CHENNAI,SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI. EMAIL:DHARIKHA2015@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – DHARIKHA UDHAYAKUMAR, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW – YOU POLLUTE, YOU PAY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 538-558, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The implementation of environmental regulations in our nation would undoubtedly improve the quality of life and decrease excessive environmental exploitation. However, certain factors must be considered, such as the inflationary effect, the fact that these funds are not always used for environmental reasons, the experiences of several member countries show minor impacts on GDP, and raising costs to a producer within a country or region that are not imposed on companies outside of that country or region may, obviously, have an impact on the local maker’s profitability. The primary goal of the study is to determine how aware the sample population is of environmental regulations and their importance, if it acts as an incentive to minimize pollution, and the many benefits it provides. The empirical research approach was used in this study, along with a simple sampling strategy. The study’s sample size is 350 respondents. According to the study, eco taxes benefit society and the business community because they generate money that can be used directly to protect the environment, to provide incentives to others to do so, or to reduce other, more costly taxes, such as labor taxes, with the goal of improving employment and overall economic well-being.

KEYWORDS – Eco taxes, Green schemes, Environment, Revenue, Pollution

THE EFFECTS OF CORPORATE CONSOLIDATION ON MARKET COMPETITION, PRICING, AND SMALLHOLDER ACCESS IN AGRICULTURE

AUTHOR – ISHITA* & PROF (DR.) SHEFALI RAIZADA**

* STUDENT, LL.M CB&IL AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL NOIDA. EMAIL: ISHU182K@GMAIL.COM

** DIRECTOR/JOINT HEAD, AMITY LAW SCHOOL NOIDA. EMAIL: SRAIZADA@AMITY.EDU

BEST CITATION – ISHITA & PROF (DR.) SHEFALI RAIZADA, THE EFFECTS OF CORPORATE CONSOLIDATION ON MARKET COMPETITION, PRICING, AND SMALLHOLDER ACCESS IN AGRICULTURE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 532-537, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Introduction

Corporate mergers and acquisitions are becoming a hallmark of contemporary agribusiness. Critics claim that these consolidations undermine market competition, raise input costs, and deny smallholder farmers access to important developments, while supporters maintain that they increase efficiencies, support R&D, and foster technological innovation. Given its importance to rural life and food security, the agricultural sector deserves particular attention when it comes to concentrated corporate ownership. The market for agricultural inputs saw a dramatic change between 2015 and 2018. The “Big Six” agribusinesses were whittled down to four key players: Bayer, Corteva, Syngenta, and BASF, following three significant mergers: Dow-DuPont, ChemChina-Syngenta, and Bayer-Monsanto. The end effect was an oligopolistic market structure in which a small number of multinational firms had a major impact on pricing, innovation, and competition. In addition to changing the supply chain, this consolidation changed the balance of power between input providers and farmers. For instance, the combination of Bayer and Monsanto created a business that dominates the agrochemical and seed industries, raising questions about regulatory control and monopolistic practices. These mergers raise concerns about the sustainability and inclusivity of agricultural innovation networks and have significant economic ramifications, especially for vulnerable stakeholders.

Keywords: Agribusiness consolidation, Market concentration, Monopolistic pricing, Smallholder farmers, Seed and agrochemical markets