Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

WOMENS PSYCHO-SOCIAL EFFECTS OF DIVORCE AND SEPARATION

AUTHOR – PAULIN DORA.O, ADVOCATE & TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – PAULIN DORA.O, WOMENS PSYCHO-SOCIAL EFFECTS OF DIVORCE AND SEPARATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 648-653, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

Divorce and separation have complex psychological and sociological effects on individuals, families, and society. This paper explores the immediate and long-term consequences of marital dissolution, drawing from legal, psychological, and sociological perspectives. Divorce and separation can cause emotional responses such as grief, anger, anxiety, and depression. These reactions can affect individuals’ self-esteem, relationships, and mental well-being. Children of divorced parents may face developmental challenges, including academic setbacks and psychological distress. Divorce and separation can cause financial strain and legal battles, leading to social isolation and identity crises. The legal frameworks that govern divorce and separation are crucial in shaping the emotional landscape of these experiences. Traditional divorce proceedings were prolonging emotional distress because of their adversarial nature. Therefore, it’s important to have alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, such as mediation and collaborative law, to encourage peaceful resolutions and minimize negative outcomes. Furthermore, legal policies and interventions that prioritize the well-being of children and vulnerable individuals are necessary to reduce the negative emotional and psychological effects of marital breakdown. This paper aims to shed light on the intricate interplay of psychological, social stigma, and legal factors involved in navigating the aftermath of a failed marriage.

REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: A HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – KHUSHI CHAUHAN & PRABAL PRATAP RAJAWAT

STUDENTS AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL GWALIOR, SYMBIOSIS LAW SCHOOL PUNE

BEST CITATION – KHUSHI CHAUHAN & PRABAL PRATAP RAJAWAT, REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM: A HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 645-648, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

India’s legal system has undergone considerable transformation, gradually incorporating women into key roles within the profession. Despite longstanding barriers, women have successfully established themselves as prominent lawyers, judges, and legal scholars. This paper traces the historical journey of women in the Indian legal field, from the colonial period to the modern era. It examines the challenges women have faced in entering and advancing within the profession and highlights their vital contributions to the evolution of Indian law. Once a male-dominated sphere, the legal profession in India began opening up to women following persistent legal efforts. A significant milestone came with the enactment of the Legal Practitioner’s (Women) Act in 1923, which formally allowed women to practice law. However, acceptance was slow, as seen in cases like that of Regina Guha, where outdated perceptions questioned women’s legal standing.

In the 21st century, globalization and modern educational reforms have broadened access to legal education for women in India. Still, gender imbalance continues, particularly within the judiciary. The paper follows the progress from the appointment of Justice Anna Chandy, India’s first female judge in 1937, to present-day challenges, highlighting the continued underrepresentation of women on the bench. Trailblazers such as Leila Seth and Fathima Beevi broke significant ground by becoming Chief Justices, but overall female representation remains limited.

The study emphasizes the urgent need for measures to promote gender parity in the legal field, including the recommendation of a 33% quota for women in the judiciary. By providing an in-depth look at both historical and present-day issues, this research adds to the ongoing conversation about gender equity in India’s legal system.

Keywords: Women in Law, Indian Legal System, Gender Representation, Legal Profession, Historical Analysis, Legal Challenges, Legal Practitioner’s (Women) Act, Judiciary, Gender Equality, Contemporary Issues

PATENT PROTECTION FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION: BALANCING INNOVATION AND ACCESS TO PUBLIC HEALTH

AUTHOR – AASTHA CHAUHAN, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH

BEST CITATION – AASTHA CHAUHAN, PATENT PROTECTION FOR BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION: BALANCING INNOVATION AND ACCESS TO PUBLIC HEALTH, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 636-644, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Biotechnology has revolutionized modern healthcare by enabling the development of advanced medical technologies, including genetically engineered vaccines, targeted drug therapies, and diagnostic tools. This sector holds immense promise for addressing global health challenges, such as communicable and non-communicable diseases, genetic disorders, and pandemics. Breakthroughs in genetic engineering, molecular biology, and bioinformatics have allowed for personalized medicine and regenerative therapies, positioning biotechnology as a cornerstone of 21st-century healthcare systems.

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICE PROVIDERS AND CYBER SECURITY

AUTHOR – V.MOHANRAJ, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCE, SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY.

BEST CITATION – V.MOHANRAJ, A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICE PROVIDERS AND CYBER SECURITY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 610-635, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

Cloud computing service providers are companies that offer cloud computing services to individuals, businesses, and other organizations. These providers typically own and operate data centers with large amounts of computing resources, such as servers, storage devices, and networking equipment. They make these resources available to customers over the internet, allowing them to access and use them as needed, without having to invest in and maintain their own computing infrastructure. The objective of the study is To find out whether cloud computing services lower the operational cost , To find out the top benefits of cloud computing services. , To find whether cloud computing services makes data backup, disaster recovery and business continuity easier and less expensive. The research method followed here is a combination of empirical and descriptive research. A total of  204 samples have been taken out of which is taken through convenient sampling. The data was collected through field visit and online survey. The SPSS software by IBM was used to calculate the descriptive statistics. In conclusion, cloud computing services are an increasingly popular and beneficial solution for individuals and organizations looking to improve their computing capabilities, reduce costs, and enhance collaboration and productivity.

Key words: Cloud computing services, Data backup, Infrastructure, Operational cost, Analyse data.

“HUMAN RIGHT OF PRISONERS A SOCIO LEGAL STUDY”

AUTHOR – TARUN RAWAT, DEPARTMENT OF LAW, KHWAJA MOINUDDIN CHISTI LANGUAGE UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – TARUN RAWAT, “HUMAN RIGHT OF PRISONERS A SOCIO LEGAL STUDY”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 574-609, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

Human rights are the fundamental rights and freedoms inherent to all human beings, regardless of nationality, ethnicity, gender, or any other status. These rights are considered universal, inalienable, and indivisible, ensuring dignity, freedom, and justice for every individual. The foundation of human rights lies in various international legal instruments, most notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 1966, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1966. These treaties affirm that every person, including those convicted of crimes and imprisoned, is entitled to fundamental rights and humane treatment.

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN COMBATING WHITE-COLLAR CRIME IN INDIA AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM IN PROSECUTING WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS

AUTHOR – NAVYA TIWARI, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

       BEST CITATION – NAVYA TIWARI, THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN COMBATING WHITE-COLLAR CRIME IN INDIA AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM IN PROSECUTING WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 558-573, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This dissertation critically examines the growing menace of white-collar crime in India within a comparative and multi-dimensional framework. White-collar crimes—characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust—pose a severe threat to national economic security, public confidence, and institutional integrity. With the rapid advancement of technology, globalization, and digital finance, the nature and scope of these crimes have become increasingly complex and transnational. The study explores the evolution of white-collar crime, both globally and within the Indian legal context, categorizing major types such as corporate fraud, insider trading, money laundering, cybercrime, and regulatory violations. It further investigates causes and motivations, including socio-economic aspirations, institutional gaps, political patronage, and weak compliance culture. This dissertation offers an in- depth analysis of India’s statutory framework, covering provisions under the Indian Penal Code, Prevention of Corruption Act, Prevention of Money Laundering Act, Companies Act, SEBI Act, and the Information Technology Act. It also assesses the roles and performance of key law enforcement and regulatory bodies such as the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Enforcement Directorate (ED), Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO), Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). By reviewing high-profile case studies like the Satyam scandal, Nirav Modi case, and Harshad Mehta scam, the research identifies key legal, procedural, and institutional challenges that hinder effective prosecution, including delays, evidence tampering, inadequate digital forensic capacity, and political interference. The dissertation also undertakes a comparative legal analysis of enforcement mechanisms in the USA, UK, and Singapore—highlighting best practices involving specialized white- collar crime agencies like the FBI, SEC, and SFO, and cooperative international efforts under organizations such as INTERPOL, FATF, and UNCAC. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for legal reforms, specialized training, AI-based forensic tools, enhanced inter-agency coordination, robust whistleblower protection mechanisms, and capacity-building to strengthen India’s white-collar crime deterrence and prosecution mechanisms. The study concludes by offering recommendations and future directions, with a strong emphasis on creating a transparent, technologically equipped, and globally cooperative enforcement ecosystem to combat the growing threat of white-collar crimes in India.Keywords: White-Collar Crime, Corporate Fraud, Money Laundering, Insider Trading, Cybercrime, CBI, ED, SFIO, SEBI, Legal Framework, Judicial Trends, FATF, UNCAC, Forensic Investigation, Whistleblower Protection, India, Law Enforcement, Regulatory Agencies, Comparative Legal Analysis, Economic Offences.

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN COMBATING WHITE-COLLAR CRIME IN INDIA AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM IN PROSECUTING WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS

AUTHOR – APOORV NEGI, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA, UTTARPRADESH

BEST CITATION – APOORV NEGI, THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN COMBATING WHITE-COLLAR CRIME IN INDIA AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INDIAN LEGAL SYSTEM IN PROSECUTING WHITE-COLLAR CRIMINALS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 543-557, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This study comprehensively examines The Role of Law Enforcement Agencies in Combating White-Collar Crime in India and the Effectiveness of the Indian Legal System in Prosecuting White-Collar Criminals. With the increasing complexity and magnitude of white-collar crimes in India—ranging from corporate fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, and money laundering to cybercrime—this research evaluates the institutional, legal, and procedural frameworks designed to combat such offenses. It critically analyses the functionality of enforcement agencies like the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Enforcement Directorate (ED), Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO), and Income Tax Department, emphasizing their mandates, inter-agency coordination, and investigative capabilities. Additionally, it explores the challenges these agencies face, including jurisdictional overlaps, political interference, inadequate resources, and lack of specialized training. The legal framework is explored through the lens of core legislations such as the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, Companies Act, 2013, Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002, and the Information Technology Act, 2000, as well as sector-specific laws like the SEBI Act and the Income Tax Act. This research identifies critical gaps and overlaps in existing laws, analyzes procedural hurdles including evidentiary burdens, judicial delays, and evaluates the performance of special courts like those under the CBI and PMLA. Drawing from high-profile case studies, conviction trends, and comparative insights from jurisdictions like the USA, UK, and Singapore, the study suggests actionable reforms in legislative drafting, institutional training, technological adoption, and the protection of whistleblowers. The research concludes that while the Indian legal system has made strides in addressing white-collar crimes, there is a pressing need for systemic reform, better coordination, enhanced forensic capabilities, and judicial accountability to ensure timely and effective prosecution.

Keywords: White-Collar Crime, Law Enforcement, India, Legal Framework, CBI, ED, PMLA, Judicial Delays, Corporate Fraud, Cybercrime, Whistleblower Protection, Investigative Techniques, Special Courts, Conviction Rates, Legal Reform.

PUBLIC OPINION ON SUBSIDY FOR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN INDIA

AUTHOR – LOGESH P, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – LOGESH P, PUBLIC OPINION ON SUBSIDY FOR AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 531-542, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Implementation of agricultural subsidy in our economy would definitely boost up our economics development by several times .However,there are certain factors to be considered like the literacy rate of the people and the poverty rate.The main objectives of the study is to analyze the subsidies applicable for farmers in india and to discuss public opinion on agricultural subsidies in india.The researcher has followed the empirical research method using convenient sampling method.The sample size of the study is 55.The result observed from the study is that most people are aware about agricultural subsidies in India and also agree that agricultural subsidies is helpful to agricultural development sector.

KEYWORDS: Agricultural , subsidy , development , India, sector

FINTECH AND DATA PRIVACY: INDIA’S LEGAL LAG

AUTHOR – ARYAN NANDA, STUDENT AT AGNEL SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – ARYAN NANDA, FINTECH AND DATA PRIVACY: INDIA’S LEGAL LAG, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 522-525, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

India’s financial sector is rapidly evolving through technologies like AI, block chain, and real-time payments. However, existing laws such as the IT Act, 2000 and the DPDP Act, 2023 are not fully equipped to address the challenges these innovations bring. The IT Act remains outdated for current digital systems, while the DPDP Act, though a step toward data protection, raises concerns about government overreach, unclear cross-border data rules, and heavy compliance burdens on startups.

The lack of clear AI regulations in FinTech leads to issues around accountability, algorithmic bias, and misuse of personal data. This paper highlights these gaps and suggests reforms including independent oversight for data exemptions, simplified rules for small FinTechs, and a dedicated legal framework for AI in finance. Strengthening these areas is crucial to ensure user protection while supporting innovation in India’s growing digital economy.

COLONISED BY CODE: THE RETURN OF EMPIRE IN THE AGE OF DATA

AUTHOR – SHAMBHUNATH YADIYAPUR, STUDENT AT GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, SILVASSA CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – SHAMBHUNATH YADIYAPUR, COLONISED BY CODE: THE RETURN OF EMPIRE IN THE AGE OF DATA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 513-521, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This paper endeavours to examine the tryst of technology and capitalism in relation to the world order in the age of information. The unique characteristics harboured by colonialism are manifestly visible in today’s digital ascendance. Any effective protest against the internet-linked technologies encroaching upon private lives seems improbable unless the subjects are disconnected from the very hive of the instruments they seek to resist. The inquiry explores the state of the present world order where the transfer of resources of the digital age and that of material gain is not on equitable footing amongst ‘former’ colonisers and the liberated colonies. The researcher asserts that a capitalist investment is driven by imperatives that benefit just the stakeholders and their recognised partners; any incidental gain experienced by an alien is only peripheral. Data today is a user product destined to generate profit, for whosoever manages to capture and exploit it. While liberated states practice democracy, the standards remain prescribed by the colonisers. Thus, an introspection of the neutrality of the modern tools deployed to pursue such political ends is indispensable. A specific lifestyle has been engineered to streamline the process of data extraction for the purpose of profit generation.  This study argues that colonialism never ended but only transitioned from the imperialistic form into the digital. The non-state actors, aided by their sovereign powers, facilitate the commodification and transaction of foreign citizens’ data profiles. This practice helps such bodies manipulate unfavourable regimes. Once a favourable regime is planted, the infrastructure is designed to support capitalist interests i.e., to coerce beneficial data relations between the investors and the invested through systematic integration. The research method employed is doctrinal. The liberated democracies, such as India, have only recently begun to recognise the enforced character of the incumbent world order polarity. The challenge of countering the resultant conventions while functioning within the said system, however, remains formidable. This paper concerns methods of data extraction and exploitation; hence it offers a critical reflection essential to understanding the power structures of the contemporary era.

Keywords: Data, Capitalism, Autonomy, Democracy, Colonialism.