Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

GLOBAL IP DISPUTES: LESSONS FOR INDIA

AUTHOR – VINAY KRISHNA YADAV, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, PATNA

BEST CITATION – VINAY KRISHNA YADAV, GLOBAL IP DISPUTES: LESSONS FOR INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 645-648, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

In today’s interconnected world, intellectual property (IP) has become a cornerstone of innovation, trade, and competition. As globalization deepens, disputes over intellectual property rights (IPR) increasingly transcend national borders, creating complex challenges of enforcement and harmonization. This paper examines prominent global IP disputes, explores their legal and economic implications, and extracts valuable lessons for India’s evolving IP landscape. The study emphasizes India’s role as a developing economy balancing innovation incentives and public interest while adapting to international standards under the TRIPS framework. Through case analyses and policy perspectives, it suggests how India can strengthen its IPR regime to encourage creativity, attract investment, and assert itself as a global leader in IP governance.

Keywords: Intellectual Property Rights, Global Disputes, TRIPS Agreement, Patent Law, Copyright, Trademark, India, Innovation, Enforcement.

TECH-DRIVEN TRANSFORMATION: HOW IT IS SHAPING INVESTMENT LAW

AUTHOR – SANJANA, STUDENT, LL. B, AMITY UNIVERSITY, PATNA

BEST CITATION – SANJANA, TECH-DRIVEN TRANSFORMATION: HOW IT IS SHAPING INVESTMENT LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 639-644, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This paper examines how Information Technology is reshaping India’s investment law landscape. Digital tools have altered everything from regulatory filings to market surveillance, enabling faster compliance, real-time monitoring, and wider investor participation. Platforms such as MCA21, SCORES, and the Foreign Investment Facilitation Portal have streamlined procedures and increased transparency. AI, data analytics, and emerging technologies like blockchain are strengthening fraud detection and transforming how investments are managed and enforced. At the same time, the shift raises serious legal challenges, including data privacy risks, cybersecurity threats, gaps in the regulation of new technologies, and jurisdictional issues in cross-border digital transactions. The paper argues that while IT is driving unprecedented efficiency and accountability, India must update its legal and regulatory frameworks to keep pace with technological change and ensure equitable access for all investors.

Keywords: Information Technology, Investment Law, SEBI, FEMA, Digital Regulation, Market Surveillance, Blockchain, AI, Investor Protection, Cybersecurity, India.

“FROM COURTROOM TO CYBERSPACE: THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POCSO ACT”

AUTHOR – CHANDAN KUMAR, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – CHANDAN KUMAR, “FROM COURTROOM TO CYBERSPACE: THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POCSO ACT”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 634-638, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344
Abstract

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (POCSO) changed India’s approach to child sexual abuse by establishing a focused framework that acknowledged both traditional and tech-based forms of exploitation. Before POCSO, child protection was scattered, mainly depending on the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956. Neither of these laws dealt with the complexities of crimes in the digital world. The rise of the internet, smartphones, and social media has made children more at risk for online grooming, trafficking, and sharing of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). At the same time, technology has also improved the fight against child abuse through awareness campaigns, confidential reporting systems, forensic analysis, digital evidence preservation, and child-friendly court procedures. This paper examines the link between technology and child protection under POCSO, looking at its role in prevention, reporting, investigation, trial, and rehabilitation. It also compares the legal frameworks before and after POCSO, reviews judicial interpretations, and discusses the connection between POCSO and the Information Technology Act, 2000. Lastly, the article highlights ongoing challenges such as privacy, extraterritorial jurisdiction, and the digital divide, while proposing ways to create a more resilient and child-focused digital legal environment.

Keywords: POCSO Act, Child Sexual Abuse, Technology and Law, Digital Evidence, Online Grooming, Child Pornography, Cybercrime, Forensic Investigation, Victim Protection, Information Technology Act.

AI-GENERATED CONTENT, DEEPFAKES, AND MEMES: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CHALLENGES IN THE INTERNET AGE

AUTHORS – VARTIKA MISHRA & VAISHNAVI,

STUDENTS AT AMITY UNIVERSITY PATNA, BIHAR

BEST CITATION – VARTIKA MISHRA & VAISHNAVI, AI-GENERATED CONTENT, DEEPFAKES, AND MEMES: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CHALLENGES IN THE INTERNET AGE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 626-633, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the traditional notions of creativity, originality, and authorship that form the foundation of intellectual property law. From AI-generated artworks and deepfake videos to viral memes, the digital age has blurred the distinction between human and machine creativity. This paper examines the emerging legal and ethical challenges that arise at the intersection of AI-generated content and intellectual property rights (IPR). It explores whether works produced by AI systems qualify for copyright protection, how deepfakes infringe personality and moral rights, and to what extent memes fall within the boundaries of fair use and parody exceptions. Drawing upon Indian and international legal frameworks, this study critically analyses how the Copyright Act, 1957, the Information Technology Act, 2000, and corresponding international instruments such as the Berne Convention and TRIPS Agreement respond to these evolving challenges. The paper concludes with recommendations for reform, emphasizing the need for a dynamic legal approach that balances innovation with protection.

Keywords – Artificial Intelligence, Intellectual Property Rights, Copyright, Deepfakes, Memes, Fair Use, Authorship, AI Creativity, Information Technology Act, Moral Rights

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: COMPLIANCE OR PHILANTHROPY?

AUTHOR – SHAMSH SAMEED AHSAN, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – SHAMSH SAMEED AHSAN, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: COMPLIANCE OR PHILANTHROPY?, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 621-625, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary corporate governance, balancing profit motives with societal welfare. In India, the enactment of Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, marked a paradigm shift from voluntary philanthropy to a statutory mandate. The question arises: is CSR a genuine expression of corporate conscience or a mere compliance exercise to satisfy legal requirements? This paper critically examines CSR’s evolution, legal framework, judicial interpretation, and practical implications under Section 135. It compares global CSR models, analyses compliance mechanisms, and evaluates whether India’s legal framework fosters authentic social responsibility or encourages tokenistic philanthropy. The article concludes by advocating a shift from compliance-based CSR to an integrated model of sustainable and accountable corporate citizenship.

Keywords: CSR, Section 135, Companies Act, Corporate Governance, Philanthropy, Sustainability.

BUY-BACK OF SHARES: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CORPORATE STRATEGY

AUTHOR – FAISAL IMAM, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – FAISAL IMAM, BUY-BACK OF SHARES: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CORPORATE STRATEGY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 616-620, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The buy-back of shares has evolved as a key instrument of financial and corporate restructuring in modern company law. It enables a company to repurchase its own shares, reduce outstanding equity, and enhance shareholder value through redistribution of surplus funds. In India, the legal framework governing buy-backs is primarily embedded in Sections 68 to 70 of the Companies Act, 2013, supported by the SEBI (Buy-Back of Securities) Regulations, 2018. This paper examines the statutory provisions, regulatory compliance requirements, corporate motivations, and strategic implications of buy-back transactions. It further explores judicial pronouncements, accounting treatment, and policy debates to assess whether buy-backs serve as a legitimate corporate governance mechanism or merely as a financial engineering tool.

Keywords : Buy-back of shares; Companies Act, 2013; SEBI (Buy-Back of Securities) Regulations, 2018; Corporate governance; Shareholder value, Earnings per share,

MAJORITY MIGHT VS. MINORITY RIGHT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDER PROTECTION IN INDIAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

AUTHOR – ROHIT KUMAR, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – ROHIT KUMAR, MAJORITY MIGHT VS. MINORITY RIGHT: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MINORITY SHAREHOLDER PROTECTION IN INDIAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 609-615, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The doctrine of majority rule forms the cornerstone of corporate governance; however, its rigid application often results in the subjugation of minority shareholders. The Cyrus Mistry v. Tata Sons Ltd. (2021) judgment rekindled the debate on whether Indian company law effectively safeguards minority interests against oppression by dominant shareholders. This paper examines the legal, judicial, and policy framework governing minority shareholder protection in India. It analyzes the statutory provisions under the Companies Act, 2013—particularly Sections 241–246—alongside judicial interpretation from landmark cases. The research also compares the Indian regime with that of the United Kingdom to identify structural and procedural gaps. The findings reveal that despite progressive legislation, minority shareholders remain vulnerable due to procedural thresholds, limited access to remedies, and discretionary judicial approaches. The paper concludes by proposing reforms aimed at fostering equitable corporate governance through transparency, accountability, and participatory inclusivity.

Keywords

Minority Shareholders — Corporate Governance — Oppression and Mismanagement — Companies Act, 2013 — Shareholder Rights — Judicial Remedies — Comparative Analysis

PATENT LAW AND 3D PRINTING: LEGAL IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES

AUTHOR – RAVI KUMAR, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, PATNA

BEST CITATION – RAVI KUMAR, PATENT LAW AND 3D PRINTING: LEGAL IMPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 602-608, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

1. Abstract

The evolution of three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing, represents a transformative technological leap with profound implications for intellectual property law, particularly patent law. 3D printing enables individuals and enterprises to design and fabricate complex products directly from digital files, often bypassing traditional manufacturing and distribution channels. While this innovation fosters democratized production and creativity, it simultaneously raises intricate legal and ethical challenges concerning patent protection, ownership, infringement, and enforcement. Traditional patent systems were structured for a world of centralized production, physical goods, and traceable supply chains. The decentralized and digital nature of 3D printing challenges these foundational assumptions.This paper examines the dynamic intersection between patent law and 3D printing, exploring the legal implications and regulatory difficulties arising from this technology. It discusses patentability standards as applied to 3D printing technologies, ownership and inventorship questions, the detection and enforcement of patent infringement, and the tensions between open-source models and proprietary rights. It also reviews international legal frameworks, case precedents, and ethical dimensions that complicate the regulatory landscape.By evaluating global responses and potential reforms, the paper highlights the urgent need for adaptive patent frameworks that balance innovation incentives with accessibility and fairness. The study concludes that legal systems worldwide must evolve toward more technology-sensitive approaches that accommodate decentralized production and ensure equitable protection for inventors, consumers, and the broader public. Ultimately, 3D printing demands a rethinking of patent law’s traditional principles in an increasingly digital and collaborative manufacturing ecosystem.

RESERVATION AND THE RIGHT TO EQUALITY: A CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA

AUTHOR – TEJESHVI SRIVASTAV, STUDENT AT CITY LAW COLLEGE, CHINHUT

BEST CITATION – TEJESHVI SRIVASTAV, RESERVATION AND THE RIGHT TO EQUALITY: A CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 595-601, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Alright, so here‟s the deal: The Indian Constitution swears up and down that everyone gets equal treatment—yeah, that‟s Articles 14 to 18 for you. But then, in the same breath, it‟s like, “Oh, by the way, we‟re gonna give some folks a leg up because they‟ve been left behind socially or educationally.” Confused yet? „Cause honestly, that‟s where the mess starts. How can you say you‟re treating everyone the same while handing out special passes to some? This paper dives into that mess. We‟ll poke at the big court cases— remember Indra Sawhney v. Union of India? And the more recent EWS reservation drama? Judges have bent over backward trying to figure out what “equality” even means. The big question—are reservations actually leveling the playing field, or are they just making things more lopsided? In the end, the paper argues we have to walk a tightrope: help the folks falling behind, sure, but don‟t turn reservations into a forever free ride. Justice—not a permanent crutch.

Keywords: Article 14, EWS (Economically Weaker Section), Indra Sawhney case, Indian Constitution

PUBLIC LEGAL EDUCATION: A KEY TO JUSTICE FOR ALL

AUTHORS – ANANYA MITTAL & VANSHITA MALHOTRA

STUDENTS AT OP JINDAL GLOBAL UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – ANANYA MITTAL & VANSHITA MALHOTRA, POWER, PUBLIC LEGAL EDUCATION: A KEY TO JUSTICE FOR ALL, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 587-594, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

A fair justice system is meaningless if people cannot access it. Millions of people around the world are affected by a “justice gap,” which is the difference between what the law needs and what works. Marginalised communities are hit the hardest.  Public Legal Education (PLE) can help bridge this gap by giving individuals the knowledge and skills to understand their rights, navigate legal systems, and resolve disputes. This article looks at how PLE gives people power, builds trust in institutions, and stops exploitation by using examples from India, Canada, the UK, and global initiatives. It also examines the challenges of funding, outreach, and coordination, offering practical solutions such as technology-driven learning, school-based legal literacy, and public-private partnerships to make justice accessible to all.