Category: Volume 5 and Issue 5 of 2025

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AS A STRATEGIC ENABLER IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT

AUTHOR – SHAKTHI BHARATHEE. S* & PROF. DR. LALITH KUMAR J**

* STUDENT AT VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI. EMAIL – SHAKTHIBHARATHEE.S2021@VITSTUDENT.AC.IN

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI. EMAIL –  LALITHKUMAR.J@VIT.AC.IN

BEST CITATION – SHAKTHI BHARATHEE. S & PROF. DR. LALITH KUMAR J, A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AS A STRATEGIC ENABLER IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE TRENDS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 432-441, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This paper highlights the role of corporate governance in crisis management, which lies in mitigating risks, strengthening organizational resilience, and supporting recovery. Corporate governance provides an organizational structure for proactively addressing crises through preparedness, accountability, transparency, adaptability, and stakeholder engagement. These then allow organizations to predict and prevent risks to such an extent that they can recover effectively after the disruptions while keeping short-term responses in sync with sustainability goals. The study bridges this gap from the theoretical principles to the practical use of governance frameworks in diverse industries by using a qualitative approach integrating a comprehensive literature review with semi-structured interviews. Findings from the practitioners disclose how governance frameworks are applied to manage crises-from maintaining operational resilience and fostering transparent communication toward utilizing adaptability in changing situations. Industry-specific approaches include contingency planning in construction, data-driven marketing, and proactive trust-building in education, which further illustrate how governance principles are adapted to diverse organizational contexts. This paper determines challenges and best practice associated with governance-led crisis management and offers recommendations for strengthening the framework of governance for better preparedness in crises and effective response. The research suggests a glimpse of how corporate governance can be a strategic enabler for innovation, stakeholder confidence, and sustainable growth by transcending damage control. This research emphasizes how embedding robust governance mechanisms within the organization is transformative, equipping the organization to navigate an increasingly uncertain and complex global environment with resilience and integrity.

Keywords: Corporate governance; Crisis Management; Post-crisis Evaluation; Stakeholders, Strategy.

INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS: PRESERVATION, ECONOMIC VALUE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

AUTHOR – YAKSH SHAH* & ARPIT VIHAN**

* STUDENT AT KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY

** PROFESSOR AT KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – YAKSH SHAH & ARPIT VIHAN, INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS: PRESERVATION, ECONOMIC VALUE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 476-482, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

This research examines the complex relationship between indigenous knowledge systems and geographical indications (GIs) in India. Drawing on recent studies and legal precedents, we analyze how traditional knowledge systems contribute to economic development, cultural preservation, and environmental sustainability. The research highlights challenges facing these knowledge systems and explores innovative approaches to their preservation, including technology integration, market adaptation, and policy interventions. Our findings suggest that successful preservation strategies must address socioeconomic, cultural, and technological dimensions while balancing tradition with innovation.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND GENDER-BASED CRIMES

AUTHOR – DIVYANSHI SANKHLA* & DR. KRATIKA GUPTA**

* STUDENT AT UNITEDWORLD SCHOOL OF LAW

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT UNITEDWORLD SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – DIVYANSHI SANKHLA & DR. KRATIKA GUPTA, CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND GENDER-BASED CRIMES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 464-475, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

THEORETICAL AND LEGAL DISCUSSIONS

In the contemporary legal and social discourse, gender-based crimes and juvenile justice are key issues of discussion.  Protection of individuals, particularly women and children, against gender-based violence and handling minors in legal difficulty remain crucial human rights issues.  A well-rounded legal and policy structure that ensures justice, rehabilitation, and protection of vulnerable persons is necessary because of the interrelation between gender-based crimes and juvenile justice. Gender-related crime and juvenile justice are among the burning issues in contemporary legal and social debate.  Protection of individuals, especially women and children, from gender-related violence and the handling of children in legal issues are still major human rights concerns.^[1]  Due to the interrelatedness of gender-related crimes and juvenile justice, a holistic legal and policy framework that ensures justice, reform, and protection for vulnerable individuals is necessary. While structural inequities, psychological problems, and social conditions often lead to juvenile delinquency, gender-based crimes are a product of institutional defects, patriarchal systems, and deeply embedded cultural norms.  Overcoming these problems requires a multidisciplinary approach encompassing legal systems, policing methods, judicial construction, and societal changes (Sheehan, 2018).^[2]

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^[1] A Bose, Juvenile Justice and Legal Frameworks (Oxford University Press 2021).

^[2] R Sheehan, Women and Children in the Criminal Justice System (Routledge 2018).

THE ROLE OF NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN IMPLEMENTING INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES BETWEEN INDIA AND GERMANY

AUTHOR – MADHUR TIWARI, RESEARCH SCHOLAR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH. EMAIL – MADHURT88@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – MADHUR TIWARI, THE ROLE OF NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKS IN IMPLEMENTING INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE AGREEMENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES BETWEEN INDIA AND GERMANY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 451-463, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The growing worldwide climate problem calls for strong national legal systems to turn international climate accords into efficient home policy.  With a comparison of environmental policies in India and Germany, this study paper investigates how national legal frameworks implement international climate obligations.  Both countries, as members to treaties such as the Paris Agreement, have particular difficulties and possibilities in matching their legal systems with worldwide climate objectives.  Supported by legislation like the Environment Protection Act, 1986, and policies such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change, India, a rising country, strikes environmental sustainability against fast growth and energy access.  A developed country, Germany uses its Federal Climate Change Act and Energiewende project to push bold carbon cuts under a robust European Union framework.  This paper uses a qualitative comparative method to examine the structure, enforcement, and efficacy of legal systems in both nations, therefore stressing similarities (e.g., renewable energy emphasis) and differences (e.g., economic settings, federal governance). It investigates how India’s adaptation-oriented policies differ from Germany’s mitigation-centric ones and assesses their individual advancement towards Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).  Examined together with best practices—Germany’s regulatory strictness and India’s distributed inventions—are key issues including India’s coal reliance and Germany’s industrial pollution.  The results highlight the need of context-specific legal systems in reaching worldwide climate goals and provide suggestions for cross-learning and policy improvement.  This study helps to clarify how different legal customs and socio-economic reality affect the execution of international climate agreements by contrasting a developing with a developed country, hence opening the path for more efficient worldwide climate control.

Keywords: National action plan; environmental policy; India; Germany; climate agreements

INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON BRAND LOYALTY

AUTHOR – SAATHVIKA RAMGOPAL* & PROF. DR. LALITH KUMAR J**

* STUDENT AT VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI. EMAIL –  SAATHVIKA.RAMGOPAL2021@VITSTUDENT.AC.IN

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI. EMAIL –  LALITHKUMAR.J@VIT.AC.IN

BEST CITATION – SAATHVIKA RAMGOPAL & PROF. DR. LALITH KUMAR J, INFLUENCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON BRAND LOYALTY, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE TRENDS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 442-449, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This study explores the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on consumer brand loyalty through distinct CSR activities that influence consumers’ perceptions and behaviors. The research looks into the moderating effect of consumer skepticism, especially in relation to greenwashing on CSR effectiveness. It also gauges the effectiveness of various communication channels such as websites, advertisements, and social media in promoting consumer engagement with CSR efforts. Using a quantitative survey of 140 adult individuals between the ages of 18 and 50 in Chennai, data were drawn from a convenience sample. Results reveal that measures for environmental sustainability form the largest influence on consumer choice, with 50% of respondents claiming to select brands based on their CSR activities. Nonetheless, 60% of participants reported being skeptic, viewing most brands’ CSR activities as ‘aspects of marketing hoopla’. Social media must become the preferred CSR communication platform. This is evident since most respondents reported learning about CSR initiatives through social media, 45%. The study lays it out as an imperative that true and transparent CSR techniques are needed by brands to gain consumers’ trust and loyalty.

Keywords: Brand Loyalty, Corporate Social Responsibility, Consumer, Greenwashing

NAVIGATING COMPLEXITY: MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY – STRATEGIES, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE TRENDS

AUTHOR – S K SUNDARAKUMAR* & PROF. DR. LALITH KUMAR J**

* STUDENT AT VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI. EMAIL – SUNDARAKUMAR.SK2021@VITSTUDENT.AC.IN

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT VELLORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI. EMAIL –  LALITHKUMAR.J@VIT.AC.IN

BEST CITATION – S K SUNDARAKUMAR & PROF. DR. LALITH KUMAR J, NAVIGATING COMPLEXITY: MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY – STRATEGIES, CHALLENGES AND FUTURE TRENDS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 424-431, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The article analyses the contemporary Mergers and Acquisitions landscape in the automotive industry and identifies the macroeconomic, strategic, and technological drivers behind these transactions. Mergers and Acquisitions is becoming an essential growth strategy for manufacturers operating in a wide space of globalization, digital transformation, and pressure related to sustainability. To accomplish growth, innovation, and operational efficiency, automakers engage in Mergers and Acquisitions. Nonetheless, the process involves great difficulties, including cultural integration, overestimation of synergies, financial risks, and regulatory hurdles. The research covers key drivers of Mergers and Acquisitions, including entry into emerging markets, cost effectiveness through lean manufacturing, and the utilization of digital transformation to produce hybrid physical-digital products. Future trends will be characterized by a growing shift toward green and sustainable mergers, with companies adapting environmental and business strategies to accommodate stricter regulatory standards and correspond to the growing eco-consciousness of consumers. It has also brought opportunities to traditional automakers in getting new innovative technologies across Electric Vehicles, autonomous driving, and connected systems to diversify product portfolios. This article also unfolds the ways in which venture capital accelerates Mergers and Acquisitions activities to penetrate breakthrough technology by co-investing in start-ups while mitigating risks. Lessons learned from previous transactions are presented by case study examples of prominent mergers such as those between Daimler-Benz and Chrysler, Tata Motors and Jaguar Land Rover, and Volkswagen and Porsche. Thus, the article concludes with a balanced approach for Mergers and Acquisitions in the automotive sector incorporating cultural alignment, technological innovation, sustainability, and regulation compliance, hence preparing to be resilient and competitive within a rapidly evolving global market.

Keywords: Automotive industry, mergers and acquisitions, cultural integration, sustainability, venture capital, post-merger strategies.

PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF WORKING CHILDREN IN INDIA: A STUDY OF EXISTING MECHANISMS AND CHALLENGES

AUTHOR – SUDHANSHU RAJ* & DR.MUDRA SINGH**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – SUDHANSHU RAJ* & DR.MUDRA SINGH, PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF WORKING CHILDREN IN INDIA: A STUDY OF EXISTING MECHANISMS AND CHALLENGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 415-423, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Despite India’s constitutional guarantees and legislative measures, the rights of working children continue to face significant challenges. This research paper analyses the existing mechanisms — legislative, judicial, and policy-based — aimed at protecting working children and highlights the persistent barriers hindering their effective implementation. It argues that although frameworks like the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 and the Right to Education Act, 2009 have contributed positively, enforcement gaps, socio-economic disparities, and cultural practices perpetuate the exploitation of working children. Through empirical data and graphical analysis, this study evaluates the effectiveness of current measures and proposes recommendations for a more integrated, rights-based approach.

Despite India’s constitutional guarantees and legislative measures, the rights of working children continue to face significant challenges. This research paper analyses the existing mechanisms — legislative, judicial, and policy-based — aimed at protecting working children and highlights the persistent barriers hindering their effective implementation. It argues that although frameworks like the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986 and the Right to Education Act, 2009 have contributed positively, enforcement gaps, socio-economic disparities, and cultural practices perpetuate the exploitation of working children. Through empirical data and graphical analysis, this study evaluates the effectiveness of current measures and proposes recommendations for a more integrated, rights-based approach.

Further, this paper examines the evolving nature of child labour in the context of economic globalization and technological change. It critically assesses the role of international obligations, constitutional mandates, legislative interventions, and policy initiatives in India. By drawing on case studies and field data, it highlights the multifaceted dimensions of child labour — including bonded labour, domestic work, and hazardous occupations — and argues for a rights-based framework that addresses root causes rather than symptoms. Ultimately, this paper seeks to contribute towards creating a protective environment where every child can realize their full potential free from exploitation.

THE IMPACT OF CYBER TERRORISM ON CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND NATIONAL SECURITY

AUTHOR – YASH THAKUR* & KUNVAR DUSHYANT SINGH**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – YASH THAKUR & KUNVAR DUSHYANT SINGH, THE IMPACT OF CYBER TERRORISM ON CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND NATIONAL SECURITY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 415-420, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

Cyberterrorism, the deliberate use of computer networks to cause harm or disruption, has emerged as a significant threat to national security and the integrity of critical infrastructure. This paper examines the multifaceted impact of cyberterrorism on critical infrastructure, exploring its potential consequences, vulnerabilities, and the challenges it poses to national security. The paper discusses the various forms of cyberterrorism, including denial-of-service attacks, data theft, and malware infections, and their potential to disrupt essential services, cause economic losses, and undermine public trust. It also analyzes the vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure, such as interconnectedness, complexity, and human error, and the challenges of defending against cyber threats. The paper concludes by discussing strategies for addressing the cyberterrorism threat, including enhanced cybersecurity measures, international cooperation, public-private partnerships, and increased public awareness.

Keywords: cyberterrorism, infrastructure, vulnerabilities, cybersecurity, interconnectedness

PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY VS. JUDICIAL SUPREMACY: ANALYSING THEIR IMPACT ON UPHOLDING PEOPLE’S RIGHTS IN COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

AUTHOR – ISHA DEVESHWAR, RESEARCH SCHOLAR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH. EMAIL – ISHADEVESHWAR54@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – ISHA DEVESHWAR, PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY VS. JUDICIAL SUPREMACY: ANALYSING THEIR IMPACT ON UPHOLDING PEOPLE’S RIGHTS IN COMPARATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 402-414, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

 Examining the principles of Parliamentary Sovereignty and Judicial Supremacy, this article evaluates their individual effects on protecting people’s rights inside comparative constitutional settings.  Common in the United Kingdom, Parliamentary Sovereignty stresses the total legislative power of Parliament, hence claiming that any other institution cannot override legislation passed by it.  On the other hand, Judicial Supremacy, shown by the constitutional framework of the United States and India, gives the court, especially the Supreme Court, power to interpret constitutional provisions, therefore possibly overriding legislative acts by means of judicial review to preserve basic rights.  This study investigates how every theory influences the safeguarding of democratic government and civil rights.  The article looks at historic cases and constitutional changes in the UK, India, and the US using a comparative constitutional method, hence stressing the conflict between legislative purpose and judicial interpretation.  Although Parliamentary Sovereignty can provide clarity and democratic legitimacy, it runs the risk of majoritarian dominance and the violation of minority rights.  Though important in protecting rights against political excesses, Judicial Supremacy could also cause worries about democratic deficiency and judicial activity, hence challenging the suitable boundaries of judicial power.  By means of this comparative study, the article finds that no theory in isolation ensures the efficient defence of people’s rights.  A balanced approach—constitutional discussion or cooperation between the legislature and judiciary—instead may perhaps harmonise democratic responsibility with strong rights protection.  Therefore, knowing how various countries balance these precepts offers insightful analysis of constitutional design and the continuous struggle to defend individual rights among rival institutional forces.

Keywords: Parliamentary Sovereignty, Judicial Supremacy, Comparative Constitutional Law, Fundamental Rights, Judicial Review

EFFECTIVENESS OF LABOUR WELFARE SCHEMES IN INDIA

AUTHOR – JOTHI LIVINCY, STUDENT AT TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY- SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW

BEST CITATION – JOTHI LIVINCY, EFFECTIVENESS OF LABOUR WELFARE SCHEMES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 397-401, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT:

 Labour welfare schemes in India play a crucial role in improving the working conditions, economic security, and overall well-being of the workforce. This research paper delves into the various aspects of labour welfare schemes, analysing their features, objectives, opportunities, and challenges, while concluding with insights on their effectiveness and potential improvements. It also incorporates recent statistics, case studies, and reforms to provide a comprehensive overview.

Keywords: Labour welfare, social security, industrial relations, worker well-being, labour laws, India, workforce productivity, statutory welfare, non-statutory welfare, economic security