Category: Volume 5 and Issue 1 of 2025

ANALYZING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE GIG ECONOMY ON TRADITIONAL EMPLOYMENT SECTORS, WAGE STRUCTURES, AND OVERALL ECONOMIC GROWTH

AUTHOR – APOORVA GANESH JOSHI, STUDENT AT D.E.S.NAVALMAL FIRODIA COLLEGE, PUNE

BEST CITATION – APOORVA GANESH JOSHI, ANALYZING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE GIG ECONOMY ON TRADITIONAL EMPLOYMENT SECTORS, WAGE STRUCTURES, AND OVERALL ECONOMIC GROWTH, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 717-724, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract:

“In an era where flexible work arrangements are increasingly prevalent, the gig economy emerges as a transformative force reshaping traditional employment paradigms.” The ascent of gig work mirrors technological advancements and shifting workforce preferences, challenging established labour models and economic structures. Currently, the gig economy significantly influences conventional employment sectors, wage frameworks, and overall economic growth, presenting both opportunities and challenges. The flexibility and autonomy offered by gig work attract a diverse workforce, while concerns regarding job security, benefits, and income stability persist. Analyzing the economic impact of the gig economy involves examining its effects on employment patterns, wage dynamics, and productivity metrics. There is a need for a comprehensive evaluation of how gig work affects traditional labour markets and economic indicators. This analysis aims to assess the benefits and drawbacks of gig work, considering factors such as productivity gains, employment opportunities, and the absence of worker protections. Recent trends suggest that the gig economy contributes to economic flexibility and innovation, yet also raises questions about labour rights and income inequality. Potential reforms should focus on integrating gig work into existing economic frameworks, ensuring fair compensation, and extending essential protections to gig workers. This research endeavor seeks to provide insights into the economic implications of the gig economy, offering practical recommendations to balance flexibility with security in the evolving labour market.”

Keywords: Gig economy, Traditional employment, Wage structures, Economic growth, Worker protections, Flexibility, Job security, Income stability.

ENRICHING THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) THROUGH OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SAFETY, AND LABOUR STANDARDS: A PATHWAY TO DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

AUTHOR – SUBASHRIE B, LLM SCHOLAR AT THE TAMIL NADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – SUBASHRIE B, ENRICHING THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) THROUGH OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SAFETY, AND LABOUR STANDARDS: A PATHWAY TO DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 706-715, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The concept of sustainable development has marked a footprint in the national development of the country in various fields.   The phrase “sustainable development” itself connotes to development pertaining all fields.  The SDG goals aim for the development in all fields through the 17 goals.  The SDG goal particular in relevance to Occupational Safety and Health, labour standards has been interconnected, related to each other paving way for the economic development.  The concept of Sustainable development is helpful in achieving a target without compromising the needs of the future generations.  The caryatids are also the backbone i.e, the economic, social and environment.  The Labour rights, standards, occupational health and safety is linked to the capability(capacity) of workers to work.  Further the factors such as workers participation in management, non-discrimination, worker freedom all these factors enhance the economic development which further accelerates the SDGs.  The maxim “Sublata causa, tollitur effectus” meaning the cause being removed, the effect ceases likewise the causing necessity factors of labour should be regularly enhanced  to achieve more productivity.  By strengthening OHS measures and labour standards, industries can not only improve worker well-being but also contribute to a more sustainable and equitable global economy. The emphasizes is that urgent need for multi-stakeholder collaboration in creating safe, fair, and sustainable workplaces that drive long-term economic prosperity while safeguarding human and environmental health.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS ON ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR

AUTHOR – PALLAVI RAJ, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – PALLAVI RAJ, EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS ON ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 700-705, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This paper systematically investigates the linkages between corporate governance reform and anti-money laundering (AML) compliance among banks. Given the rise to a more sophisticated financial crime environment, banking institutions are facing immense pressure on enhancing their anti-money laundering (AML) frameworks. Corporate governance reforms, which are enforced via statutory regulations as well as internal governance mechanisms, have been playing an important role in improving AML compliance. The study reports systematically on the impact of these reforms in engendering a strong Culture of Compliance, achieving transparency, improving risk management processes and for accountability mechanisms within banks. Classifying relevant case law, regulatory changes and recent empirical data through a lens of similar policy implementations overseas provides contrast to highlight the considerable obstacles with limited success in enacting corporate governance reforms within AML. Additionally, it offers suggestions for how to strengthen the connection between corporate governance and compliance requirements.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Anti-Money Laundering Compliance, Risk Management, Regulatory Framework, Accountability and Transparency.

WOMEN IN PANCHAYATI RAJ: LEADING FROM THE FRONT OR CONTROLLED FROM THE SHADOWS?

AUTHOR – SUHANI SINGH & DRISHTI BALAJI SONKER, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – SUHANI SINGH & DRISHTI BALAJI SONKER, WOMEN IN PANCHAYATI RAJ: LEADING FROM THE FRONT OR CONTROLLED FROM THE SHADOWS?, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 692-699, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The research paper titled “Women in Panchayati Raj: Leading from the Front or Controlled from the Shadows?” critically examines the role and challenges of women in India’s decentralized governance system. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 mandated a minimum reservation of one-third of seats for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) to promote grassroots democracy and gender equity. However, while this legal framework has increased female political representation, it has not necessarily translated into effective leadership due to deep-rooted patriarchal structures.

The study highlights that many women in PRIs function as mere figureheads, with their decision-making powers often usurped by male relatives—commonly referred to as Sarpanch Patis (husband proxies). Societal biases, lack of political training, and limited financial independence further impede women’s leadership. The paper presents real-life success stories of women leaders who have defied these odds, such as Chhavi Rajawat and Rajani Kothari, who have driven social change through education, sanitation, and economic empowerment initiatives.

Despite these successes, numerous systemic challenges persist, including proxy leadership, limited participation in decision-making, and economic and educational barriers. To counter these issues, the research suggests strengthening legal frameworks, enforcing strict anti-proxy laws, implementing leadership training, and enhancing financial support for women in PRIs. Additionally, the study advocates for greater male sensitization, digital literacy initiatives, and grievance redressal mechanisms to empower women leaders effectively.

The paper concludes that while legislative measures have laid the foundation for women’s political empowerment, genuine leadership requires a shift in societal attitudes, comprehensive training programs, and active enforcement of legal provisions. Transforming Panchayati Raj into a truly inclusive system necessitates dismantling patriarchal control and fostering an environment where women can exercise autonomy in governance.

Keywords – Women Empowerment, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Gender Equality, Proxy Leadership, Sarpanch Pati, Grassroots Governance, Political Participation, Decentralization, Patriarchy, Women Leadership, Rural Development, Gender Bias.

THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION

AUTHOR – MISS. SHWETA DILIP BHONDAVE, ADVOCATE & LLM SCHOLAR AT DECCAN EDUCATION SOCIETY’S  SHRI NAVALMAL LAW COLLEGE, PUNE

BEST CITATION – MISS. SHWETA DILIP BHONDAVE, A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE DARK WEB: GLOBAL AND INDIAN PERSPECTIVES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 677-691, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Chapter I

Introduction:

Legislative drafting is a specialized skill that involves the formulation and preparation of laws and regulations by legislative bodies. It is a crucial process in the development of legal frameworks that govern societies, providing the foundation for orderly governance and the protection of individual rights.^[1] The art of legislative drafting requires precision, clarity, and foresight to ensure that laws are effective, enforceable, and stand up to legal scrutiny.

At its core, legislative drafting involves translating policy objectives and principles into clear and unambiguous legal language. This process requires a deep understanding of legal principles, the legislative context, and the socio-economic landscape in which the laws will operate. The drafter must navigate intricate legal concepts, consider potential loopholes, and anticipate how the law will be interpreted and applied in practice.^[2]

The resulting legislative texts can take various forms, including statutes, regulations, ordinances, and other legal instruments. Effective legislative drafting not only articulates the intentions of lawmakers but also provides a stable and adaptable framework that can stand the test of time. ^[3]Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in fostering transparency, accountability, and the rule of law within a society. Legislative drafters often collaborate with policymakers, legal experts, and stakeholders to ensure that the proposed laws align with societal needs and values. This collaborative approach helps in crafting legislation that is not only legally sound but also responsive to the dynamic challenges of the contemporary world.^[4]

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[1] DraftingPrinciples_August2013.pdf | last seen on 13/02/2024

[2] ibid

[3] The role of legislative drafters in determining the content of norms justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/ilp-pji/norm/index.html | last seen on 13/02/2024

[4] ibid

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA, UK AND USA

AUTHOR – ARNAV KAUSHIK, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – ARNAV KAUSHIK, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA, UK AND USA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 669-676, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Labour laws have always been a subject of discussion all around the world. The Indian labour laws are very different from the labour laws in other countries. India’s labour laws, heavily influenced by colonial-era regulations, emphasize worker welfare but can be complex due to numerous statutes and varying state laws. In contrast, the UK operates under a more unified legislative framework, with a strong focus on employee rights such as fair wages, health and safety, and working hours, regulated primarily by the Employment Rights Act and the Health and Safety at Work Act. The USA follows a decentralized approach where federal and state laws interact, offering essential protections under the Fair Labour Standards Act and Occupational Safety and Health Act, but with fewer guaranteed worker protections compared to the UK and India.

This research paper aims at comparing how minimum wages affect the lower end of the working class, the review period for the minimum wages, relation of minimum wages to inflation, age related minimum wage rates, minimum wage rate and cost of living, across India, UK, and USA. This comparative analysis also examines labour laws in India, the UK, and the USA, focusing on key differences and similarities in employment rights, workplace standards, and dispute resolution.

While all three countries aim to protect worker rights, the extent and approach vary significantly. These differences highlight each country’s unique socio-economic context and legal traditions, underscoring the challenges of achieving uniform labour standards globally.

Keywords: Wages, Working Hours, Labour Laws, Minimum Wage, Uniform Labour Standards, Workplace Standards

DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY LAWS: AN IMPACT MADE BY EU

AUTHOR – MEGHNA R, STUDENT AT SYMBIOSIS LAW SCHOOL, PUNE

BEST CITATION – MEGHNA R, DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY LAWS: AN IMPACT MADE BY EU, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 663-668, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

I. Abstract

With the rise of the age of technology, EU focussed on providing its citizen with Protection of their Personal Data and hence enriching their Right to Privacy through GDPR. GDPR ensures that Privacy of EU Citizens are intact and with its breach the entity in question faces huge penalties. These penalties later are used only to fund of the needs of its citizens. The process of development and impact of such developments on the lives of its citizens, the world at large and businesses functioning in lines of using user data, is shown. The growth of Legislations worldwide on its Data Protection policies gives scope for more improvements as the technology moves forward. India’s rise for the same taking the inspiration from GDPR and the world, is seen in the paper. The reach and Impact of EU GDPR has been discussed.

Keyword: GDPR, Data Privacy, Protection, Sanctions.

A CASE STUDY OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN MANIPUR: UTILIZING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ANALYSIS TO RESOLVE A PATERNITY DISPUTE

AUTHOR – SOROKHAIBAM SATYAJYOTI SINGH¹ & DR. S. JAMES²

¹ PHD RESEARCH SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW, MANIPUR INTRANATIONAL UNIVERSITY

IMPHAL, MANIPUR, INDIA

² PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW. MANIPUR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR, INDIA

BEST CITATION – SOROKHAIBAM SATYAJYOTI SINGH & DR. S. JAMES, A CASE STUDY OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN MANIPUR: UTILIZING MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ANALYSIS TO RESOLVE A PATERNITY DISPUTE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 657-662, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This case study explores the application of mitochondrial DNA (Mt DNA) analysis in resolving a challenging paternity dispute in Manipur, India. The case involved a claim from one man asserting paternity over a child, while the mother contended that another man was the biological father. Amid the complexity of the dispute, Mt DNA analysis provided a critical alternative to conventional DNA testing methods. Samples from the child, mother, and both alleged fathers were subjected to thorough analysis, focusing on hypervariable regions to identify rare genetic markers. The findings confirmed the maternal lineage and established a distinct genetic link to one of the alleged fathers through shared Mt DNA patterns. This outcome highlights the effectiveness of Mt DNA analysis in forensic science, particularly when presented with ambiguous or rare genetic evidence. Furthermore, the case emphasizes the importance of collaboration between forensic specialists and the legal system in accurately interpreting DNA evidence to support judicial decisions. The results of this investigation advocate for the broader integration of mitochondrial DNA analysis in paternity testing and forensic investigations.

This case study investigates the role of mitochondrial DNA (Mt DNA) analysis in resolving a complex paternity dispute in Manipur, India. The case arose when a man claimed paternity over a child, while the mother maintained that another man was the biological father. Given the contentious nature of the claims, the court mandated genetic testing to clarify the child’s biological connections. Traditional autosomal DNA profiling was deemed inconclusive due to the presence of unique and rare genetic markers among the alleged fathers. Consequently, the forensic team opted for comprehensive Mt DNA analysis, focusing on hypervariable regions (HVRs) known for their variability among individuals. Samples from the child, mother, and both alleged fathers underwent meticulous testing to identify and compare Mt DNA sequences.

Keywords: Forensic Science, Mitochondrial DNA, Genetic Interpretation, Judicial Decision.

DETAIL STUDIES ON E-CONTRACT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO IT ACT, 2000

AUTHOR – AJAY GAVNER SARODE, STUDENT AT DES’S SHRI. NAVALMAL FIRODIA LAW COLLEGE, PUNE

BEST CITATION – AJAY GAVNER SARODE, APPLICABILITY OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING THEORY IN THE FIELD EDUCATION POLICY IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 639-656, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

One shouldn’t wait until complaints and claims begin. Be sure that the electronic contracts are as neat as the agreements.  Before 1872, there was English Common Law which was applied to Indian Citizens. The Indian Contract Act, 1872 came into force on 1st Sept, 1872. There are changes in the concept of contracts i.e. from Traditional contract to electronic contract. Now e-contracts or ecommerce contract plays very vital role in contract between two parties. Under the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000, particularly Section 10-A, an electronic contract is valid and enforceable. A contract is always express or implied agreement which is enforceable by law Contracts are probably the most important and the most sensitive business law matter. They are the ones that can make the difference between loss and profit, lawsuit and success F-Contracts can be through modes of communication such as e-mail, internet and fax etc. It is impossible to identify the contracting parties (Authentication) and their signatures and thus fraud has been increased due to e-contract. The data protection is a very serious issue. E-contract followed by the traditional contract conditions helps in minimizing fraud and legal cases. There shall be valid government ID verification before entering into any contracts. Signature shall always be digital signature and electronic signature. Original Document shall be checked in relation to E-Contracts. The researcher has undertaken the topic to study the meaning of E-Contracts and also to find out the changing concepts of e-contracts and to study in detail about the e-contract with reference under IT Act 2000.

Keywords – Authentication, Contract, E-Contract, E-Signature, Contracting Parties, Traditional Contracts, IT Act 2000, Validity.

APPLICABILITY OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING THEORY IN THE FIELD EDUCATION POLICY IN INDIA

AUTHOR – MS. NUPUR SANJAYKUMAR BORA, LLM SCHOLAR AT DECCAN EDUCATION SOCIETY’S SHRI. NAVALMAL FIRODIA LAW COLLEGE, SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

BEST CITATION – MS. NUPUR SANJAYKUMAR BORA, APPLICABILITY OF SOCIAL ENGINEERING THEORY IN THE FIELD EDUCATION POLICY IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 631-638, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

 According to Pound, “Law is social engineering which means a balance between the competing interests in society,” in which applied science are used for resolving individual and social problems.” Roscoe Pound gave the theory of Social Engineering in which he compared lawyers with the Engineers. Engineers are required to use their engineering skill to manufacture new products. Similarly, social engineers are required to build that type of structure in the society which provides maximum happiness and minimum friction.

The Social Engineering Theory focuses on the use of educational policies to promote social change and equity. In the context of education policy in India, this theory is applied to analyze how government policies aim to address social inequalities and promote access to education among diverse groups. For instance, India has implemented policies such as affirmative action through reservations in educational institutions to uplift historically disadvantaged communities. The Social Engineering Theory can help evaluate the effectiveness of these policies in bringing about social change and whether they are achieving their intended goals. It can also be used to study the impact of initiatives like the Right to Education Act in improving access to quality education, especially for marginalized groups. By examining the objectives, implementation, and outcomes of education policies in India through the lens of the Social Engineering Theory, policymakers and researchers can gain insights into how these policies are shaping the educational landscape and contributing to social transformation.  To evaluate the extent to which the theory of social engineering helps to frame and regulate the policies related to education is the intention of the researcher to opt for the topic.

Keywords – social, engineering, theory, policy, Education, science.