Category: Volume 4 and Issue 3 of 2024

AI GOVERNANCE IN BANGLADESH: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE TRANSITION FROM STRATEGIC VISION TO POLICY FRAMEWORK

AUTHOR – ABIR KARMAKAR, ADVOCATE, DISTRICT AND SESSION’S COURT (DHAKA), ASSOCIATE LEGAL COUNSEL, BRAC

BEST CITATION – ABIR KARMAKAR, AI GOVERNANCE IN BANGLADESH: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE TRANSITION FROM STRATEGIC VISION TO POLICY FRAMEWORK, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 668-677, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This article critically evaluates the progression of Bangladesh’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) governance, focusing on the transition from the National AI Strategy 2020 to the Draft AI Policy 2024. The 2020 Strategy set the foundation for AI-driven national development, though it lacked specific implementation mechanisms. The Draft AI Policy 2024, however, introduces more concrete frameworks centered on regulation, ethics, data governance, and capacity building. By comparing these policy documents, the article highlights Bangladesh’s efforts to balance innovation with responsibility, addressing challenges such as ethical AI use, data privacy, and workforce development. This analysis reflects the country’s commitment to aligning AI governance with global standards while fostering sustainable and inclusive AI adoption.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), AI Governance, National AI Strategy of Bangladesh, National AI Policy of Bangladesh, AI In Bangladesh, Strategic Vision, Policy Framework.

PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN, CHILDREN AND VULNERABLE GROUPS

AUTHOR – SOUNDARIYA PANDI S,STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – SOUNDARIYA PANDI S, PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN, CHILDREN AND VULNERABLE GROUPS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 659-667, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT          

Administrative law plays a pivotal role in the protection and promotion of human rights, particularly for women, children, and vulnerable groups. These laws regulate the actions of public authorities, ensuring accountability, fairness, and non-discrimination in decision-making processes that directly affect these populations. For women, administrative law addresses genderbased issues such as equality in the workplace, access to social services, and protection from violence. For children, it ensures rights related to education, healthcare, and protection from abuse or exploitation. Vulnerable groups, including the elderly, disabled individuals, and marginalized communities, are safeguarded by administrative frameworks that prevent social exclusion and promote equal access to public resources. Administrative bodies, such as human rights commissions and ombudsmen, provide accessible mechanisms for challenging government actions that may violate these rights. By aligning domestic regulations with constitutional and international human rights standards, administrative law helps uphold the dignity, rights, and welfare of women, children, and other vulnerable groups, ensuring justice and protection from abuses of power.

EXAMINING THE ETHICAL AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI IN JUDICIAL DECISION-MAKING

AUTHOR – RUTHRA.M & NIVETHA.JK, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – RUTHRA.M & NIVETHA.JK, EXAMINING THE ETHICAL AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI IN JUDICIAL DECISION-MAKING, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 651-658, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

This research investigates artificial intelligence and the role of the judiciary in the justice delivery system. In justice delivery, human conscience is more important than artificial intelligence. This study employed empirical methods and also used surveys and comparative charts. Results revealed that artificial intelligence cannot replace human minds because AI can understand facts but cannot grasp emotions and real-life circumstances. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the fact that judgments made by AI will be practical rather than ethical. While providing judgments, a judge should consider both practical and ethical aspects. Despite certain limitations, this study contributes to the judicial field, which requires faster judgments but also proper judgments, which is challenging to achieve simultaneously. Future research directions are suggested to focus on providing solutions for quicker judgments in an ethical way. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into justice delivery, suggesting that human intervention is superior to artificial intelligence because human judges can incorporate empathy, moral reasoning, and a nuanced understanding of complex human behaviour’s and societal norms into their decisions.

KEYWORDS – Artificial intelligence-Judiciary-Justice delivery-Human conscience-Replacing humans-Practical-Ethical-Faster justice-Human emotions.

A STUDY ON PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN RULE MAKING

AUTHOR – KAVITHA.C, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – KAVITHA.C, A STUDY ON PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN RULE MAKING, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 646-650, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

           This study mainly focuses on US rulemaking process with the help of Public. The public participation in rule-making is a crucial element of democratic governance, promoting transparency, accountability, and legitimacy in policy development. This paper explores the various mechanisms through which citizens and stakeholders contribute to shaping regulations, including formal methods like public consultations and hearings, as well as informal avenues like social media advocacy.

Keywords – Transparency, Accountabilty, Democracy, Public Participation, Public Policies, Governance, Rule Making, Regulation, Government.

AI IN ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION-MAKING: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES

AUTHOR – NARMATHA S, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – NARMATHA S, AI IN ADMINISTRATIVE DECISION-MAKING: LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 643-645, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This paper examines the legal and ethical challenges associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in administrative decision-making. As AI systems become increasingly integrated into public sector operations, issues of accountability, transparency, and data protection emerge as critical legal concerns. Furthermore, the potential for bias and discrimination in AI algorithms raises significant ethical dilemmas regarding fairness and informed consent. The paper highlights the necessity of maintaining human oversight to ensure responsible decision-making and addresses the implications for employment within administrative contexts. Ultimately, it calls for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to develop robust guidelines and regulations that uphold individual rights and promote ethical AI practices in administrative settings.

AN ANALYSIS OF EQUAL RIGHTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRIESTS IN RELATION TO CASTE SYSTEM IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

AUTHOR – SHRINITHI KRISHNAN.R, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – SHRINITHI KRISHNAN.R, AN ANALYSIS OF EQUAL RIGHTS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PRIESTS IN RELATION TO CASTE SYSTEM IN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 637-642, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

                    The caste system[1] has long restricted access to the priesthood in India, perpetuating social and economic inequalities. Despite constitutional provisions and legislative efforts, caste-based discrimination persists in priestly appointments and training institutions, denying individuals from marginalized communities their rightful place in spiritual leadership. This article examines the complex relationship between the caste system and equal rights and opportunities for priests, highlighting the need for comprehensive reform and inclusivity. It argues that administrative law must be reformed to ensure equal opportunities for individuals from all castes to become priests, and recommends measures such as caste-neutral selection criteria, inclusive training institutions, and representation of lower-caste individuals in decision-making bodies. The article also analyzes judicial precedents [2]and case studies, emphasizing the importance of a caste-neutral approach in promoting social justice and inclusivity in the priesthood. Furthermore, it explores the intersectionality of caste with other social identities and its implications for creating a more just and equitable society. Ultimately, it calls for a comprehensive and inclusive movement to abolish caste-based discrimination and create a more harmonious and egalitarian society, where every individual can thrive and reach their full potential.

Key words : Caste System,  Priest caste , Women

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[1] https://theamikusqriae.com/reservation-policy-an-analysis-of-its-impact-and-contemporary-relevance/

[2] https://edukemy.com/blog/caste-system-features-and-transformation-upsc-indian-society-notes/

“TRANSFORMING LEGAL PRACTICE: THE RISE OF AI FOR EFFICIENCY AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE”

AUTHOR – ROHANA SRI K, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – ROHANA SRI K, “TRANSFORMING LEGAL PRACTICE: THE RISE OF AI FOR EFFICIENCY AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 633-636, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Introduction

AI involves the creation and use of computer programs that can perform tasks typically requiring human intelligence. Currently, AI systems are capable of replicating or surpassing certain human cognitive functions, but they are far from achieving full human-level intelligence. While some researchers are striving to develop AI that can match or even exceed human cognitive abilities, often referred to as “general intelligence” or “superintelligence,” this remains decades away. As a result, key legal skills based on human judgment, intuition, common sense, interpersonal interactions, and experience will continue to be indispensable for lawyers for the foreseeable future.

THE ROLE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS IN ECONOMIC UPLIFTMENT: A STUDY OF GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION AND BENEFITS

AUTHOR – GUGAN RAJ K, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – GUGAN RAJ K, THE ROLE OF INDIAN RAILWAYS IN ECONOMIC UPLIFTMENT: A STUDY OF GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION AND BENEFITS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 626-632, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

In India, a large number of the people belongs to economically backward sections in the society.  Their Economic condition is not suitable to afford the expensive things (like airways).  They used different types of transportation to reach their destination. Because of their convenience of travelling and the travelling cost.  The Indian Railways is fully managed by the Government of India and they always work to serve better and to help the people from economically backward sections. The process could be in the action by the Government of India for the introduction of trains, and introduce different kinds of schemes etc. to benefit the backward section.  This paper analysis the administration of Indian Railways and in which way does it benefit to the Indian economically backward sections. 

Index Information: Denationalization (Transfer of management from pubic to private), Benefits (Indian Railways), government administration, Indian railways.

THE ROLE OF AI IN ENHANCING JUSTICE DELIVERY IN INDIA

AUTHOR – ABRARUL ATHIF PZ & JAGADIP T, STUDENTS AT THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW (SOEL)

BEST CITATION – ABRARUL ATHIF PZ & JAGADIP T, THE ROLE OF AI IN ENHANCING JUSTICE DELIVERY IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 619-625, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This research critically examines the Role of Artificial Intelligence in enhancing the Justice Delivery System in India. Artificial intelligence (AI), is an ancient concept based on the assumption that human thought and reasoning can be mechanized. (AI) has been popularized among the people because of its problem-solving nature in the real world. Various measures, such as pushing for ADR mechanisms and eliminating unnecessary laws, are being taken to address this issue, but it is still unclear how to best use the recently discovered field of artificial intelligence to solve this puzzle. Using artificial intelligence to decide legal cases can bring back the efficacy and efficiency of the justice delivery system and ensure its sustainability. Since the courts of India are already undergoing a radical transition as a result of turning digital, the newly emerging field of study known as “Artificial Intelligence,” or “AI,” may be able to provide long-term justice delivery and lessen the backlog of unresolved cases in unexpected ways. Using AI to make decisions in court is an effective way in the reduction of backlog of cases in India guaranteeing quick and long-lasting justice delivery systems globally. The conclusion presents the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and technology in addressing the complexities and enhancing the Justice Delivery in India.

Keywords: Justice Delivery System, ADR, AI

“ANALYSIS OF NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENTS AND ITS LOOPHOLES”

AUTHOR – MS. GAYATRI JADHAV,  DECCAN EDUCATION SOCIETY’S SHRI. NAVALMAL FIRODIA LAW COLLEGE, SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE 

BEST CITATION – MS. GAYATRI JADHAV, “ANALYSIS OF NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENTS AND ITS LOOPHOLES”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (3) OF 2024, PG. 612-618, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) are essential legal instruments employed to protect confidential information shared between parties. However, despite their widespread use, NDAs are not impervious to exploitation due to inherent loopholes. A focus on identifying loopholes, understanding their implications, and proposing effective mitigation strategies can make an NDA a perfect draft. Drawing on real-world case studies and legal analyses, the paper examines instances where NDAs have been circumvented or breached due to identified loopholes. By analyzing these cases, it becomes apparent that NDAs are not foolproof and require careful consideration and refinement to effectively protect confidential information. NDA loopholes. In an era of digital communication and remote work, the potential for breaches has escalated. Issues such as data leaks, hacking, and inadvertent disclosures pose significant challenges to the integrity of NDAs. Therefore, adapting NDAs to mitigate these emerging risks is imperative for maintaining confidentiality in a digital age, it advocates for clarity and specificity in drafting NDAs to minimize ambiguities and loopholes. Clear definitions of confidential information, explicit provisions for handling breaches, and tailored clauses addressing jurisdictional nuances can enhance the robustness of NDAs. An emphasizing the importance of due diligence and risk assessment when entering into NDA agreements. Parties should conduct thorough evaluations of the information being protected, the parties involved, and the potential risks associated with disclosure. By understanding the specific risks and vulnerabilities inherent in each NDA, parties can implement tailored mitigation strategies. leveraging technological solutions to bolster NDA enforcement and monitoring capabilities. Advanced encryption techniques, secure document sharing platforms, and digital rights management tools can enhance data security and reduce the likelihood of breaches. By identifying loopholes, understanding their implications, and proposing effective mitigation strategies, this paper aims to equip legal practitioners, businesses, and policymakers with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the complexities of confidentiality protection in the modern landscape.

KEYWORDS- NDA, loopholes, confidentiality, risk