COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MISUSE OF DOWRY LAWS AGAINST MEN: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND SOCIAL IMPACTS IN INDIA AND THE UK

AUTHOR – S.JAGATHRATCHAGAN, STUDENT AT O.P.JINDAL GLOBAL UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – S.JAGATHRATCHAGAN, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MISUSE OF DOWRY LAWS AGAINST MEN: LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND SOCIAL IMPACTS IN INDIA AND THE UK, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 797-801, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/XGZP3075

Introduction and Background

Culturally sanctioned practices and abuses in marriage prompted the enactment of Anti Dowry Law (Dowry Prohibition Act 1961, IPC §498A) in India.^[1] Section 498A (1983) dowry related cruelty as a cognizable, non bailable, and non compoundable offense.^[2] However, the enactment has not gone without scrutiny. Much criticism has been leveled at the legislation’s noncom-pounding evidence and arrest clause, which result in the high probability of mass arrests, with little to no charges pressed. For instance, in 2012, official statistics indicated that of the approximately 200,000 people (47,951 women) who fell victim to dowry laws, 85% went without conviction. Such statistics exacerbates the issue that the system is misused and, as one commentator, the result of which is Section 498A “an alarming number of people, desperate to be liberated, caught in the web of the misused criminal justice system.”

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[1] Indian Penal Code (1860) s 498A.

[2] Ibid.

NOURISHING THE NEXT GENERATION: INDIA’S FIGHT AGAINST CHILD MALNUTITION

AUTHOR – R. DEVADARSHINI, STUDENT AT MADURAI GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE

BEST CITATION – R. DEVADARSHINI, NOURISHING THE NEXT GENERATION: INDIA’S FIGHT AGAINST CHILD MALNUTITION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 787-796, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/WZOV5402

ABSTRACT

For a healthy development of children, balanced died is a significant factor.  Good and proper nutrition helps the children to fuel their body.  Lack of proper nutrition is the primary cause of malnutrition.  According to the World Health Organisation, Malnutrition refers to deficiencies or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy or nutrients.  The Children’s right to Nutrition is recognised universally by various International conventions like United Nation Convention on Right of Child 1989.  In India, certain constitutional Articles protects the right of children against malnutrition such as Article 21 which protects right to adequate food and Article 47 which mandates the State to provide early childhood care.  Child Malnutrition continues to be a challenge for India to surmount.  It is significant to reduce the malnutrition among the children because of the impact it creates on child’s physical and emotional well-being.  Some of the profound effects on child due to this malnutrition are emotional distress, impaired cognitive development, mental health disorders and social challenges.  Various Government initiatives was introduced by the Government of India to surmount the crisis of child malnutrition.  Some of the key initiatives are ICDS Scheme, PM POSHAN 2.0,  POSHAN ABHIYAAN, MID-DAY MEAL scheme, SWACHH BHARAT MISSION.  Albeit introducing several malnutrition free initiatives, still the child malnutrition is a growing crisis in India.  Though the child malnutrition is a challenge in India but According to the latest Poshan Tracker Data, which shows lower rate of stunting, wasting and underweight among children as compared to NFHS-5 survey.  This paper aims to study on the India’s progress on child malnutrition, key initiatives introduced by Government to preclude this growing crisis and analyses about the rights of children against malnutrition.      

KEYWORDS – Child Malnutrition, WHO, Rights, Progress, PM Poshan

DYING DECLARATIONS UNDER THE BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA, THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE, AND RUSSIA

AUTHOR – JOEL JAMES. J, STUDENT AT TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – JOEL JAMES. J, DYING DECLARATIONS UNDER THE BHARATIYA SAKSHYA ADHINIYAM, 2023: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA, THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE, AND RUSSIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 773-785, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The doctrine of dying declarations remains one of the most enduring yet contested exceptions to the rule against hearsay in criminal evidence law. Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA), India has retained a notably expansive framework, permitting the admissibility of statements relating to the cause of death without requiring belief in imminent death, without mandating procedural safeguards, and even allowing convictions based solely on an uncorroborated dying declaration. This approach stands in sharp contrast to the narrower and rights-protective models adopted in other major jurisdictions. The United States and the United Kingdom recognise dying declarations as limited historical exceptions, subject to strict imminence requirements and confrontation-based safeguards, while civil-law jurisdictions such as France and Russia do not treat dying declarations as a distinct evidentiary category, instead evaluating last statements within broader frameworks of judicial discretion and corroboration. This article undertakes a comparative analysis of the relevancy and admissibility of dying declarations under the BSA, tracing the historical evolution of the doctrine, analysing Supreme Court jurisprudence on reliability and sole-basis convictions, and examining philosophical, empirical, and constitutional critiques of the presumption of truthfulness in extremis. Particular emphasis is placed on Article 21 of the Indian Constitution and the tension between evidentiary necessity and fair-trial guarantees, especially in cases involving domestic violence, dowry deaths, and burn injuries where dying declarations often constitute crucial evidence. Through comparative evaluation, the article contends that reform is necessary to align Indian evidence law with constitutional fairness and evolving international criminal justice standards and safeguards worldwide.

Keywords – Dying Declaration; Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023; Evidence Law; Hearsay Exception; Comparative Criminal Procedure; Article 21; Fair Trial; Sole-Basis Conviction; Constitutional Due Process; International Human Rights.

. FROM SHAME TO SUPPORT: CULTURAL CRIMINOLOGY OF VICTIM BLAMING IN INDIAN COMMUNITIES

AUTHOR- JENIMETTILDA J, STUDENT AT TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – JENIMETTILDA J, FROM SHAME TO SUPPORT: CULTURAL CRIMINOLOGY OF VICTIM BLAMING IN INDIAN COMMUNITIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 758-772, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Victim blaming remains one of the most enduring cultural and criminological challenges in India, shaping how survivors of sexual and gender-based violence are perceived, treated, and supported. This study applies a cultural criminology framework to examine how patriarchal norms, caste hierarchies, honour-based expectations, and religious interpretations collectively determine public and institutional responses to survivors. Despite significant legal reforms particularly the Criminal Law Amendments of 1983, 2013, 2018 and Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023 victims blaming continues to infiltrate policing practices, judicial reasoning, media narratives, and digital interactions. The research reveals that survivors are often required to defend their morality, behaviour, and social standing before their claims are taken seriously, thereby reproducing historical prejudices rooted in colonial law, caste power structures, and patriarchal control. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of case law, statutory developments, and socio-cultural patterns, the study argues that legal reform alone cannot dismantle entrenched narratives of shame. A shift toward a survivor-centric justice model requires trauma-informed institutional procedures, community-level transformation of honour-based gender norms, strengthened cyber protections, and ethical media conduct. The findings underscore the need for a holistic cultural and structural shift from a system that implicitly blames survivors to one that affirms dignity, agency, and support.

KEYWORDS -Victim blaming; Cultural criminology; Sexual violence; Indian criminal justice system; Patriarchy; Caste and gender; Honour norms; Digital shaming; Media ethics; Survivor-centric justice; Trauma-informed policing; Gender norms in India

MANUAL SCAVENGING AS A GROSS VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN DIGNITY IN INDIA

AUTHOR – J.PIRAVIN ANSARI, STUDENTS AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW (SOEL), THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – J.PIRAVIN ANSARI, MANUAL SCAVENGING AS A GROSS VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMAN DIGNITY IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 750-757, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH FRAMEWORK

1.1 Introduction

Manual scavenging is one of the most inhuman, degrading, and exploitative forms of labour in India. It involves the manual handling, removal, and disposal of human excreta from dry latrines, open drains, sewers, and septic tanks^[1]. Despite constitutional guarantees of equality, dignity, and freedom from exploitation, the practice continues largely due to caste-based discrimination, poverty, lack of mechanisation, and weak enforcement of laws^[2].

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[1] The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013, § 2(1)(g).

[2] National Human Rights Commission, Report on the Status of Manual Scavenging in India (NHRC, New Delhi

ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN TRACK EVIDENCE

AUTHOR – J.PIRAVIN ANSARI* & MR. SUJITH KUMAR**

* STUDENTS AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW (SOEL), THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

** PROFESSOR AT CRIME AND FORENSIC LAW DEPARTMENT, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW (SOEL), THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – J.PIRAVIN ANSARI & MR. SUJITH KUMAR, ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN TRACK EVIDENCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 744-749, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Chapter I – Introduction, Research Framework, and Review of Literature

1.1 Introduction

Track evidence refers to impressions left by footwear, bare feet, tires, or other contact surfaces at a crime scene. These impressions may be visible, latent, or plastic and are considered an important form of circumstantial forensic evidence. Track evidence assists investigators in reconstructing crime scenes, understanding movement patterns, establishing the presence or absence of individuals, and corroborating other forensic and testimonial evidence^[1]. With advancements in forensic science, traditional methods of track evidence collection and analysis have been supplemented and, in some cases, replaced by technologically advanced techniques such as 3D photogrammetry, laser scanning, LiDAR, and artificial intelligence-based footwear identification systems. These developments necessitate a structured academic inquiry into their scientific reliability, legal admissibility, and practical applicability^[2]

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[1] Saferstein, Richard, Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science, 12th ed., Pearson Education, 2018, pp. 162–165.

[2] Galanakis, G., “A Study of 3D Digitisation Modalities for Crime Scene Investigation,” Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, MDPI, 2021

MEDICAL ETHICS AND BIOTERRORISM: EMERGING CHALLENGES

AUTHOR – AKSHAYA S, STUDENT ATTHE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – AKSHAYA S, MEDICAL ETHICS AND BIOTERRORISM: EMERGING CHALLENGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 729-743, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Bioterrorism—the intentional release of biological agents to cause widespread disease, fear, and societal disruption—has emerged as one of the most complex and ethically challenging threats of the twenty-first century. Unlike conventional terrorism, biological attacks exploit the vulnerability of public health systems, the invisibility of pathogens, and the interconnectedness of global populations. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the evolving landscape of bioterrorism and its intersection with medical ethics. It traces the historical trajectory of biological weapons from ancient methods of poisoning wells to sophisticated modern techniques involving genetic engineering, laboratory manipulation of viruses, and the misuse of synthetic biology. The study highlights how bioterrorism challenges the traditional pillars of medical ethics—autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—by forcing healthcare professionals to balance individual rights against collective safety. Physicians must confront dilemmas related to mandatory reporting, quarantine, allocation of scarce resources, and personal risk during outbreaks. The paper further analyzes legal and regulatory frameworks, particularly the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), WHO guidelines, and India’s statutory mechanisms such as the Epidemic Diseases Act and Disaster Management Act. It also examines contemporary concerns including dual-use research, cyber-biosecurity, AI-assisted pathogen design, and the ethical oversight of high-risk biological laboratories. The study argues that the rise of emerging pathogens, global travel, and technological democratization has increased the probability of intentional or accidental biological incidents. Therefore, medical ethics must expand into a broader framework of biosecurity ethics, emphasizing preparedness, transparency, public trust, and rights-based public health governance. The paper concludes that an ethically informed biodefense strategy is essential to protect societies while preserving human dignity and civil liberties.

KEYWORDS: Bioterrorism, Medical Ethics, Biosecurity, Biological Weapons Convention, Medical Professionals.

CRIMINALISATION OF MEDICAL ERRORS: A DEBATE BETWEEN ETHICS AND PENAL LAW

AUTHOR – T. KAVITHA, STUDENT AT TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – T. KAVITHA, CRIMINALISATION OF MEDICAL ERRORS: A DEBATE BETWEEN ETHICS AND PENAL LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 720-728, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The criminalisation of medical errors has surfaced as one of the most debated topics in modern medical jurisprudence. While the fundamental purpose of criminal law is to penalise socially harmful actions carried out with culpable mental states, the primary goal of medical practice is to safeguard life through ethical, skilled, and compassionate care.  The convergence of these two areas ethical medical responsibilities and penal consequences which raises the intricate issues regarding negligence, professional autonomy, patient safety, and the chilling effect on clinical decision-making. In India, this matter has gained increased significance in light of judicial trends that fluctuate between imposing criminal liability on negligent practitioners and acknowledging the necessity to shield them from baseless prosecution. This article thoroughly investigates the conceptual, ethical, and legal aspects of criminalising medical errors, reviews landmark case law, contrasts global approaches, and assesses whether criminal penalties genuinely improve accountability or simply erode medical ethics and the practice of medicine. The study concludes with a well-rounded policy perspective aimed at reconciling patient rights, professional protection, and societal expectations.

Key Words: Medical errors, Negligence, Criminal penalties, Accountability.

BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION IN INDIA ARE MARK OF SHAME OF THE COUNTRY THROUGH MORAL CURSE OF INDIVIDUAL AN ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – I.MURALITHARAN, M.A.M.L., PH.D IN LAW, (PURSUING), ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW, GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE, VILUPPURAM, TAMILNADU

BEST CITATION – I.MURALITHARAN, BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION IN INDIA ARE MARK OF SHAME OF THE COUNTRY THROUGH MORAL CURSE OF INDIVIDUAL AN ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 715-719, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/RSEM7269/

ABSTRACT

                           India is recognised globally as the world’s largest democracy and is governed by one of the most comprehensive constitutions. However, widespread bribery and corruption continue to undermine the integrity of its constitutional pillars—namely the Legislature, Executive, Judiciary, and associated government systems. Corruption has also permeated public institutions such as banks, insurance sectors, and administrative departments, resulting in India ranking poorly on global corruption indices. Reports indicate that the estimated value of corruption in India exceeds ₹75 lakh crore to date.

Corruption is not merely a legal offence but a profound moral and ethical failure. It tarnishes the administrative framework, weakens governance, obstructs development, and adversely affects national progress. For India to sustain its democratic identity and emerge as a developed and globally influential nation, eliminating corruption must become a collective responsibility.

This article aims to raise awareness among citizens—including students, youth, women, and the general public—regarding the legal, ethical, and social consequences of bribery and corruption. It discusses the nature of corruption, disproportionate assets, entrapment procedures, sting operations, and why giving or accepting bribes must be rejected as a social evil. Further, it outlines the process for reporting corruption, the investigation framework, anti-corruption mechanisms, and the relevant legal provisions under Indian law.

Keywords – Corruption control, disproportionate assets, sting operations, surveillance, undisclosed income, confiscation, non-compoundable offences, moral accountability, anti-corruption legislation, entrapment, public integrity.

FORENSIC SIGNIFICANCE OF TRACK EVIDENCE

AUTHOR – R.SRIRAM, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW (SOEL), THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – R.SRIRAM, FORENSIC SIGNIFICANCE OF TRACK EVIDENCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (14) OF 2025, PG. 708-714, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

CHAPTER -1

1.1. Introduction

Track evidence, also called impression evidence, encompasses any physical impressions or marks left by objects or biological entities that come into contact with a surface^[1]. Common forms include human footprints, shoeprints, tire tracks, tool impressions, and animal tracks. These marks can provide vital information linking a suspect to a crime scene, establishing presence or movement, indicating direction of travel, identifying the number of individuals or vehicles, and sometimes suggesting activities that occurred at the scene^[2].

The forensic significance of track evidence has evolved with advances in documentation, imaging, and analytical techniques^[3]. While track evidence is often circumstantial, careful collection, preservation, and analysis can produce compelling evidentiary links that withstand judicial scrutiny^[4]. This paper examines the scientific foundations, operational procedures, analytical approaches, and legal contexts that underpin the admissibility and reliability of track evidence.

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[1] William J. Bodziak, Footwear Impression Evidence: Detection, Recovery and Examination (CRC Press).

[2] David Grieve, Shoeprint Evidence: Its Value and Limitations, Forensic Sci. Int’l.

[3] FBI Laboratory, Footwear and Tire Tread Guide (U.S. Dep’t of Justice).

[4] Neumann et al., Error Rates and Reliability in Pattern Evidence, Forensic Sci. Rev.