INDIA AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: BRIDGING REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS WITH GLOBAL AGENDAS

AUTHOR – SHIVANANDAN DARADE, DES’S SHRI. NAVALMAL FIRODIA LAW COLLEGE

BEST CITATION – SHIVANANDAN DARADE, INDIA AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: BRIDGING REGIONAL ASPIRATIONS WITH GLOBAL AGENDAS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 433-442, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

India’s journey in the realm of global governance reflects its unique position as both a regional leader and a pivotal player on the global stage. Balancing its diverse domestic priorities with its aspirations for greater influence in international decision-making, India strives to bridge regional aspirations with global agendas. This seminar paper explores India’s evolving role in global governance, examining its contributions, challenges, and opportunities in shaping international norms and institutions. The paper begins by highlighting India’s historical engagement with global governance frameworks, from its active participation in the United Nations to its leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement. It delves into India’s advocacy for reforms in international institutions such as the United Nations Security Council, where it seeks a permanent seat to reflect contemporary geopolitical realities. India’s leadership in addressing global issues like climate change, public health, and sustainable development through forums such as the G20 and BRICS underscores its commitment to equitable and inclusive global governance. At the regional level, India’s role in fostering cooperation through initiatives like SAARC, BIMSTEC, and the Indo-Pacific framework demonstrates its commitment to bridging regional aspirations with global objectives. However, the paper also critically examines challenges, including geopolitical tensions, resource constraints, and the complexities of balancing domestic development with international responsibilities. By integrating regional priorities into the global governance agenda, India aims to contribute to a more equitable, multipolar world order. This paper argues that India’s strategic approach to global governance—grounded in its democratic ethos, economic potential, and cultural diversity—offers a model for other emerging powers. As India navigates the complexities of global leadership, its efforts to harmonize regional aspirations with global imperatives remain pivotal for fostering sustainable and inclusive international cooperation.

Key Words- Global Governance, Sustainable Development, Geopolitics, Climate Change, United Nations, Organizations.

EFFECTIVENESS OF RBI’S PRUDENTIAL NORMS ON NPA REDUCTION: AN ANALYSIS OF POST-2015 REFORMS

AUTHOR – ADV.TEJASWANI PRASADAM, NALSAR UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – ADV.TEJASWANI PRASADAM, EFFECTIVENESS OF RBI’S PRUDENTIAL NORMS ON NPA REDUCTION: AN ANALYSIS OF POST-2015 REFORMS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 423-432, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) represent the main concern for Indian banks, undermining profitability and jeopardizing financial stability.) has systematically strengthened prudential regulations concerning income recognition, asset categorization, and provisioning, particularly post-2015, through initiatives such as the Asset Quality Review (AQR), Prompt Corrective Action (PCA), and updated IRAC requirements. This paper examines the efficacy of these prudential measures in diminishing NPAs and enhancing the lending culture of Indian banks. The study utilizes NPA data, RBI circulars, and case studies from public and private sector banks to ascertain if regulatory reforms have effectively mitigated stressed assets or merely reclassified them into restructured categories. Comparative analyses of international prudential regimes will be examined to underscore optimal methods for enhancing India’s NPA management.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TERRORIST ACT DEFINITIONS UNDER THE BHARATIYA NYAY SANHITA (BNS), THE UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT (UAPA), AND THE CHHATTISGARH SPECIAL PUBLIC SECURITY ACT (CGSPSA)

AUTHOR – P. VEENA SWAMI, (RESEARCH SCHOLAR), J. YOGANANDAM CG COLLEGE RAIPUR

BEST CITATION – P. VEENA SWAMI, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TERRORIST ACT DEFINITIONS UNDER THE BHARATIYA NYAY SANHITA (BNS), THE UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT (UAPA), AND THE CHHATTISGARH SPECIAL PUBLIC SECURITY ACT (CGSPSA), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 419-422, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The definition of “terrorist act” forms the backbone of counter-terrorism legislation, shaping the scope of criminal liability, investigative powers, and judicial interpretation. India’s counter-terrorism framework is not governed by a single statute but by a combination of central and state legislations, each addressing internal security concerns from distinct perspectives. The recent enactment of the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), replacing the Indian Penal Code, has reintroduced terrorism-related offences within the general criminal law framework, alongside the existing Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA), and state-specific legislations such as the Chhattisgarh Special Public Security Act, 2005 (CGSPSA).

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the definitions of “terrorist act” and related unlawful activities under these three legislations. It critically examines the conceptual scope, constituent elements, intent requirements, and consequences attached to such definitions. The study highlights overlaps, divergences, and ambiguities among the statutes, particularly in relation to civil liberties, federal balance, and proportionality. By analyzing judicial interpretations and legislative intent, the paper argues that while these laws aim to safeguard national security, the absence of definitional clarity and uniform standards risks misuse and over-criminalization. The study concludes by recommending harmonization, clearer statutory thresholds, and stronger safeguards to balance security imperatives with constitutional rights.

Keywords: Terrorism; Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita; UAPA; CGSPSA; National security; Criminal law; Civil liberties

THE SPECIFIC RELIEF (AMENDMENT), ACT 2018 –AN OVERVIEW

AUTHOR – DR. UMADEVI R. HIREMATH, ASST. PROF., B.V. BELLAD LAW COLLEGE, LINGARAJ COLLEGE CAMPUS, BELAGAVI

BEST CITATION – DR. UMADEVI R. HIREMATH, THE SPECIFIC RELIEF (AMENDMENT), ACT 2018 –AN OVERVIEW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 415-418, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The Specific Relief (Amendment), Act 2018 has become a mandatory rule of practice to provide specific performance as a remedy to the aggrieved person.  The Act seeks to address the issue of delay in relation to the enforceability of contracts. It has eliminated the inadequacy test by substituting Sections 10, 14 and 20 in entirety. The Amended Act provides that the aggrieved person can now choose for a substituted performance or the compensation instead of the specific relief. Thus, the Amendment Act gives considerable weight age to the convenience of choice to the aggrieved person.

Key Words: The Specific Relief (Amendment) Act, 2018, Specific Performance ,Substituted Performance, Infrastructure Projects

BETWEEN LAW AND LIFE: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY ON MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY, 1971–2025

AUTHORS – LITHIKHA R & MANI MUGILAN SARAVANAN

STUDENTS AT VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED STUDIES

BEST CITATION – LITHIKHA R & MANI MUGILAN SARAVANAN, BETWEEN LAW AND LIFE: A SOCIO-LEGAL STUDY ON MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY, 1971–2025, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 409-414, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/EYGL2791

ABSTRACT:

The philosophy of yin and yang applies to most of the problems in society. The current society has developed a perspective called equality, where both men and women are equal yet there is still social stigmas which pushes women to an informal system. Here, yang represents evolving laws and yin represents unlawful termination. When law does not evolve over a long time it leads to an increase in crime. One of the serious offences against life under conservative perspective is Medical Termination of Pregnancy, known as abortion. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971, as amended in 2021, provides the exclusive legal framework governing abortion service in India. Abortion remains a criminal offence under section 88 of BNS, 2023 with MTP Act serving as the sole statutory exception. Even though it is considered an offence against life, there are risks for the mother, when MTP is done in “Third-trimester” or when the patient is a minor. The POCSO Act imposes mandatory reporting for minors, while the PCPNDT Act creates restrictive compliance burdens. especially for minors and second- trimester procedures. These laws impose mandatory reporting and strict documentation, often deterring providers from offering services. Despite legal provisions, about 78% of India’s 15.6 million annual abortions are unauthorized due to regulatory barriers, driving women towards unsafe options. This paper deals with laws related to medical termination of pregnancy and punishment for illegal abortion. It consists of statistical data on annual incidence of illegal abortion. The main aim of this paper is to assess societal awareness about the risk of medical termination of pregnancy and steps taken by the government to prevent unauthorized MTP in India.

KEY WORDS:                                                                                      Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, Abortion, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023 (BNS), POCSO Act, PCPNDT Act, Trimester based risk, minors, India.

A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF MARCH 2024 AMENDMENTS, SHORTENED REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION DEADLINES, AND FORM 27 MODIFICATIONS

AUTHOR – S.RENUKA, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE, TRICHY

BEST CITATION – S.RENUKA, A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF MARCH 2024 AMENDMENTS, SHORTENED REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION DEADLINES, AND FORM 27 MODIFICATIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 392-408, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/BABJ6166

ABSTRACT

India’s Ministry of Commerce and Industry has, on March 15, 2024, notified the Patents (Amendment) Rules, 2024, thereby marking a major development in the Indian patent system. The amendments have made drastic changes to the patent prosecution timelines, opposition procedures, and patent working disclosure requirements. The article discusses in detail the three key changes: the shortening of Request for Examination (RFE) deadlines from 48 months to 31 months based on the priority date; the speeding up of the opposition review timelines for both pre-grant and post-grant oppositions; and the major change in the Form 27 working statement from annual to triennial filing intervals with significantly simplified information disclosure. The study’s methodology includes an in-depth legal doctrinal analysis, case law scrutiny, and a comparative approach to jurisprudence. It has evaluated the consequences of the new patent rules for patent applicants, patent holders, and public interest groups, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. The article pinpoints significant research gaps related to empirical enforcement data, compulsory licensing under Section 83-84, and access to medicines implications, while also suggesting methodological frameworks for future studies.

Keywords: Patent Rules 2024, Request for Examination, Form 27, Working Requirements, Opposition Timelines, Pharmaceutical Patents, India, Patentability, Patent Prosecution

“ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN INDIA: A SOCIO‑LEGAL STUDY OF HOW LAW, SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS SHAPE THE RIGHT TO FAIR AND EFFECTIVE JUSTICE”

AUTHOR – ANKUSH SRIVASTAVA & ANSHU JAISWAL

STUDENTS AT BABU BANARASI DAS UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – ANKUSH SRIVASTAVA & ANSHU JAISWAL, “ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN INDIA: A SOCIO‑LEGAL STUDY OF HOW LAW, SOCIETY AND INSTITUTIONS SHAPE THE RIGHT TO FAIR AND EFFECTIVE JUSTICE”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 385-391, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/EIMX3979

1.Introduction  

Access to justice is widely recognised as a foundational requirement for the legitimacy of any legal system, because rights on paper are meaningless if people cannot effectively enforce them. In India, this idea is embedded in the Preamble’s promise of justice—social, economic and political—and operationalised through constitutional provisions, statutory schemes and judicial decisions that seek to remove economic and social barriers to courts and legal remedies. Yet, despite this strong normative framework, a significant gap persists between formal guarantees and lived realities, particularly for poor, marginalised and rural communities who continue to experience the legal system as distant, expensive and intimidating. This paper uses a socio‑legal approach to examine how law, society and institutions actually shape the right to fair and effective justice in India, moving beyond doctrinal analysis to include social structures, power relations, and everyday experiences of litigants. The study aims to connect constitutional ideals with empirical realities, highlighting how caste, class, gender, geography and institutional design together determine who gets justice, how quickly, and at what cost.

‘EVE-TEASING: CAN THE COURTS PROVIDE THE CLOAK OF PROTECTION TO INDIAN WOMEN?

AUTHOR – SHREYA KESHRI, INTERNATIONAL SAI SEWA TRUST

BEST CITATION – SHREYA KESHRI, ‘EVE-TEASING: CAN THE COURTS PROVIDE THE CLOAK OF PROTECTION TO INDIAN WOMEN?, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 376-384, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Women and their needs have been sacrificed time and again for the advancement of civilisation. They have faced innumerable impediments and ‘Eve – teasing’ is one of them. Though a widely used definition of the term is not provided, it has become a synonym of public harassment. This article analyses various causes that can possibly result in ‘Eve – teasing’, along with numerous implications of the same. It helps to understand as to where the conflict lies or where does our present laws lack in dealing with the issue. It tries to provide a suitable answer to the question – Has the Laws failed the Indian Women? Outlining the trends in the Indian Judiciary, it introspects on what the future lays ahead for women in India. The article mentions a list of suggestions which can be taken into account for their welfare.

Keywords – Eve – teasing, Public Sexual Harassment, Laws in India.

GLOBALISATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY: IMPLEMENTING THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE IN INDIA POST RIO DECLARATION

AUTHOR – S JAGATHRATCHAGAN, STUDENT AT O.P.JINDAL GLOBAL UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – S JAGATHRATCHAGAN, GLOBALISATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY: IMPLEMENTING THE POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE IN INDIA POST RIO DECLARATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 370-375, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/CYUO3290

INTRODUCTION

Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) is a significant environmental and economic policy tool which mandates polluters to bear the cost of control of pollution, reducing pollution, and restoration of the environment^[1]. In India, the PPP is enshrined in environmental law and further ratified through judicial precedents by courts of law. It encompasses the response of firms to cost of pollution, whether the same is passed on to consumers, and policies of the government utilizing PPP as a funding source of the environment^[2]. The study also analyses enforcement issues like inefficiency of regulators, opposition from industry, and gaps in environmental taxation. The study attempts to explore the economic impact of the Polluter Pays Principle in India and overall economic sustainability. It was found that though PPP is seen as a catalyst for green technologies and control of pollution, there persists ongoing concerns of increased operating cost, lack of enforcement, and opposition from the industry. Younger, lesser educated, and urban respondents were more pessimistic regarding the application of PPP, while aged, educated, and rural respondents were more optimistic regarding the environmental benefits of PPP. Conclusion The PPP holds immense potential in reducing environmental degradation in India, and success lies only in addressing economic problems, increasing enforcement, and increasing awareness among the public.

---

[1] Anisia-Teodora Doniga, ‘The Polluter Pays Principle’ (2016) 2016 Law Annals from Titu Maiorescu University 79.

[2] Krati Singh Bhadouriya, ‘A Study on Environmental Liabilities: Polluter Pays Principle’ (2022) 4 Issue 4 Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research 1.

“CYBERCRIME IN THE DIGITAL AGE: RISKS, THREATS, AND GLOBAL COUNTERMEASURES”

AUTHOR – KOMAL KUMARI, LLB, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – KOMAL KUMARI, “CYBERCRIME IN THE DIGITAL AGE: RISKS, THREATS, AND GLOBAL COUNTERMEASURES”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (1) OF 2026, PG. 361-369, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/KSAU4282

ABSTRACT 

The major purpose of the research paper is to convey knowledge about the cyber risks that countries around the world face. In Today’s world, practically every device is connected to the internet and is at risk of being hacked. Every country is connected via the internet. Today, there is a slew of new criminal activities taking place on the internet which becomes a threat to national security. Cybercriminals commit cybercrime regardless of where they are located. Currently, Cybercrime is typically used to obtain sensitive information or to commit financial crimes. Numerous cyber activities aid in the battle against cybercrime. There are various international collaborations between countries to combat cybercrime, including seminars, collaborative workshops, and other activities. These factors help in the development of a nation’s cyber-security team and provide their respective countries with a more secure cyber area. 

Keywords: National security, cyberspace threats, vulnerability assessments, cyberspace security, cyber security policy.