ECONOMIC COSTS OF NAXALISM: A STUDY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND INVESTMENT

AUTHOR – AYUSH VIMAL MISHRA & SOHAM PRASHANT JOSHI, STUDENTS AT KES’ SHRI JAYANATILAL H. PATEL LAW COLLEGE

BEST CITATION – AYUSH VIMAL MISHRA & SOHAM PRASHANT JOSHI, ECONOMIC COSTS OF NAXALISM: A STUDY OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND INVESTMENT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1006-1009, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Naxalism, also known as Left-Wing Extremism (LWE), has been a major internal security challenge in India for decades. While its political and social impact is widely discussed, its economic consequences, particularly on infrastructure development and investment, require deeper analysis. This study examines how Naxal violence disrupts public infrastructure, discourages domestic and foreign investments, and increases government expenditure on security. Attacks on railways, roads, power grids, and industrial projects have significantly hindered economic growth in Naxal-affected regions. Furthermore, industries and mining operations face threats, extortion, and destruction, leading to capital flight and reduced business opportunities. The research highlights the rising economic burden on the government due to counter-insurgency measures and the diversion of development funds. To mitigate these economic setbacks, a multi-pronged approach involving security measures, infrastructure development, and employment generation is essential. Strengthening governance, improving public services, and encouraging private investment in these regions can help break the cycle of violence and underdevelopment.

Keywords – Naxalism, Left-Wing Extremism (LWE), economic impact, infrastructure damage, investment decline, industrial disruption, mining sector, foreign direct investment (FDI), security expenditure, counter-insurgency, regional underdevelopment, economic growth.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE PAYMENT OF WAGES ACT, 1936

AUTHOR – SHAGUN TIWARI* & MS. ASTHA SRIVASTAVA**, STUDENT* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR** AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL

BEST CITATION – SHAGUN TIWARI & MS. ASTHA SRIVASTAVA, AN ANALYSIS OF THE PAYMENT OF WAGES ACT, 1936, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1021-1029, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

In 1936, the Payment of Wages Act was passed under the British Empire’s colonial administration in India. This includes the social, economic, political, and legal elements that contributed to the need for the Act and the legislation itself. Given the poor working conditions that still exist after many years of independence, it is necessary to study the historical perspective in order to understand the background of the Act, the mischief it sought to address, its scope and object, and the deductions made—both authorised and unauthorised in order to help improve its implementation. From the start of the twentieth century, it became clear that worker incomes needed to be protected. There has always been abuse of these labourers, Workers did not get adequate compensation prior to the 1936 amendment, nor did they receive monetary compensation. However, several laws and regulations were implemented to help the workers following the revision of the Payment of Wages Act. Employers were compelled to pay salaries in cash, and employees were controlled to get equal compensation for equal effort. In 1925, a private measure called the weekly payment bill was introduced in the legislature. However, the administration reassured them that the issue was being thought over, therefore the bill was abandoned. In the past, it was typical for employers to penalise workers by taking twice their salary for missed work.

KEYWORDS: monetary compensation, workers, deductions, legislature, penalise

BREAKING THE SILENCE: THE NEED FOR GENDER-NEUTRAL SEXUAL ASSAULT LAWS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – PRAGNA B, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – PRAGNA B, BREAKING THE SILENCE: THE NEED FOR GENDER-NEUTRAL SEXUAL ASSAULT LAWS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 989-993, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Sexual assault laws in India have historically been framed within a gender-specific context, predominantly recognizing women as victims and men as perpetrators. This binary approach not only simplifies the complex nature of sexual violence but also marginalizes male and transgender victims, leaving them without adequate legal protection. As societal norms evolve and the recognition of diverse gender identities becomes increasingly important, there is a pressing need to reform India’s sexual assault laws to adopt a gender-neutral framework. This paper will explore the limitations of the current legal framework, particularly focusing on the definitions and provisions outlined in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. It will analyze how the existing laws fail to encompass the experiences of all victims, thereby perpetuating harmful stereotypes and denying justice to a significant portion of the population. The discussion will highlight the implications of this exclusion, particularly for male and transgender individuals who often face societal stigma and disbelief when they come forward with their experiences of sexual violence. In addition to examining the Indian context, the paper will draw comparisons with global best practices in sexual assault legislation. It will highlight how countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia have successfully implemented gender-neutral laws that recognize both male and female victims, providing a more comprehensive approach to addressing sexual violence. The paper will also address the resistance against gender-neutral laws within India, particularly from certain activist groups who fear that such reforms may dilute the protections currently afforded to women. It will critically assess these concerns, arguing that the push for gender-neutral sexual assault laws is not a challenge to women’s rights but rather a vital step toward achieving comprehensive justice for all survivors.

Keywords:Gender-neutral laws, sexual violence, legal reform, LGBTQ+ rights, Indian judiciary, male victims, transgender rights, societal norms, legal protections.

CORPORATE MANSLAUGHTER: A CASE FOR CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATE ENTITIES IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SHIVANESH RAM R R, LLM SCHOLAR AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – SHIVANESH RAM R R, CORPORATE MANSLAUGHTER: A CASE FOR CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF CORPORATE ENTITIES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 1010-1020, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Corporate manslaughter refers to the criminal liability of corporations for deaths resulting from their gross negligence, recklessness, or failure to adhere to safety regulations. The absence of a specific legal framework in India to impose criminal liability on corporations for such offenses has led to ambiguities in judicial interpretations and inconsistent enforcement. This paper critically examines the concept of corporate manslaughter, its jurisprudential evolution, and the limitations of the existing Indian legal framework under the Indian Penal Code, Companies Act, and environmental laws. It further explores novel legal and theoretical approaches to establish corporate criminal liability and proposes a structured model for a corporate manslaughter law in India. Through case studies, comparative analysis, and policy recommendations, this research highlights the urgent need for a robust legal mechanism to ensure corporate accountability for preventable deaths.

DRIVING CHANGE: HOW AUTOMATION RESHAPES THE AUTO INDUSTRY WORKFORCE

AUTHOR– ROHAN S. & RYDGE RALPH, STUDENTS AT AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – ROHAN S. & RYDGE RALPH, DRIVING CHANGE: HOW AUTOMATION RESHAPES THE AUTO INDUSTRY WORKFORCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 997-1005, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Automation is changing the automotive industry by using technologies like robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning in manufacturing and supply chains. The goal is to increase productivity, improve quality, and lower costs. However, this shift raises concerns about job loss, outdated skills, and the need for reskilling. Workers fear losing job security, facing stagnant wages, and losing control over their careers, while employers see automation as a way to boost efficiency, ensure consistent output, and stay competitive.

Adapting to automation requires workforce planning, reskilling programs, and inclusive decision-making. The balance between technology and employee welfare depends on labour laws, industry standards, and societal expectations. This paper explores how automation impacts the automotive workforce, addressing challenges like skill shortages and job displacement while highlighting benefits like efficiency and safety. Insights from reports like the Centre for Automotive Research (CAR) and the 7th Annual State of Smart Manufacturing Report are used to propose strategies for maintaining workforce stability while fostering growth.

Index Terms: Automation, Automotive Industry, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Reskilling, Workforce, Productivity, Job Displacement, Technology, Efficiency, Labour Laws.

CHALLENGES IN THE REGULATION OF MONEY LAUNDERING IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – ARYAN MENDIRATTA, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – ARYAN MENDIRATTA, CHALLENGES IN THE REGULATION OF MONEY LAUNDERING IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 994-996, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article critically examines the challenges in regulating money laundering in India, focusing on the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). The article highlights interpretational shifts, procedural complexities, and the balance between effective enforcement and individual rights, offering a nuanced understanding of India’s anti-money laundering framework.

REDEFINING JUSTICE: AN EXAMINATION OF GENDER-NEUTRAL SEXUAL OFFENSE LAWS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – LAVISHA B DHELARIA & VINAYAK GANGSHETTY, STUDENTS AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – LAVISHA B DHELARIA & VINAYAK GANGSHETTY, REDEFINING JUSTICE: AN EXAMINATION OF GENDER-NEUTRAL SEXUAL OFFENSE LAWS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 989-993, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), India’s criminal code, exhibits significant gender bias, particularly in its handling of rape laws. The BNS defines rape exclusively as a crime against women, excluding men and non-binary individuals from legal recognition and protection. This gender-specific definition neglects the reality of sexual violence faced by males and non-binary persons, resulting in a substantial gap in justice and support for these victims. Additionally, the BNS does not recognize marital rape as a crime, perpetuating the outdated notion of implied consent within marriage and leaving married women without adequate legal protection against spousal sexual violence. The legal framework also fails to address scenarios where women are perpetrators of sexual violence, inadequately protecting male victims from such acts. This oversight, compounded by societal stigma and the lack of legal recognition, leads to underreporting and non-prosecution of sexual violence cases perpetrated by women or transgender individuals. Furthermore, support systems available are primarily designed for female survivors, making them inadequate or inaccessible for others. A comparative analysis of international rape laws reveals more inclusive approaches in countries like the United Kingdom and Canada, where rape is defined in a gender-neutral manner, recognizing all individuals as potential victims. To rectify these biases, it is recommended that the BNS be amended to include a gender-neutral definition of rape, recognize marital rape, and develop legal provisions to address sexual violence committed by women.

Keywords: Gender Bias, Marital Rape, Male and Non-Binary Survivors, Legal Reforms, Rape

PARTITION UNDER HINDU LAW – THE IMPACT OF THE 2005 AMENDMENT ON DAUGHTER’S INHERITANCE RIGHTS ; A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER THE AMENDMENT

AUTHOR – MANJENI J* & DR. P. BRINDA**, LLM SCHOLAR* & ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR**, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, TNDALU.

BEST CITATION – MANJENI J & DR. P. BRINDA, PARTITION UNDER HINDU LAW – THE IMPACT OF THE 2005 AMENDMENT ON DAUGHTER’S INHERITANCE RIGHTS ; A COMPARITIVE ANALYSIS BEFORE AND AFTER THE AMENDMENT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 981-988, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

Partition under Hindu law refers to the division of joint family property among its members, bringing an end to the Hindu Undivided Family (HUF). It is primarily governed by the Mitakshara and Dayabhaga Schools of Hindu Law and the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, as amended in 2005. Partition can be carried out through mutual agreement, notice, legal suit, orconduct that signifies division. It can be total (where the joint family dissolves entirely) or partial (where some members separate while others remain joint). Upon partition, each member acquires independent ownership of their respective shares, and the rule of survivorship ceases to apply. This paper explores the nature, types, legal provisions, and consequences of partition under Hindu law while analyzing its impact on the traditional and modern inheritance system.

CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY IN INDIA: EVALUATING THE IBC’S FRAMEWORK IN LIGHT OF THE UNCITRAL MODEL LAW

AUTHOR – ROSHINI PARAMESHWARI S, LLM SCHOLAR (CORPORATE AND COMMERCIAL LAW) AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – ROSHINI PARAMESHWARI S, CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY IN INDIA: EVALUATING THE IBC’S FRAMEWORK IN LIGHT OF THE UNCITRAL MODEL LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 969-980, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Cross-border insolvency has emerged as a key challenge in the globalized economy, necessitating a robust legal framework to handle multinational corporate failures. India’s Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, provides a comprehensive mechanism for domestic insolvency but lacks a dedicated provision for cross-border insolvency. In contrast, the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency (1997) has been widely adopted as an international standard to facilitate recognition, cooperation, and coordination of insolvency proceedings across jurisdictions.

This article examines India’s existing approach to cross-border insolvency under the IBC, comparing it with the principles of the UNCITRAL Model Law. It also explores landmark insolvency cases, such as Jet Airways, highlighting the practical implications of India’s current framework. The study concludes by assessing India’s proposed amendments and recommending steps for a more effective cross-border insolvency regime.

DEFICIENCIES IN THE INDIAN LAND REVENUE SYSTEM AND INEFFICIENCIES IN THE LAND APPROVAL PROCESSES

AUTHOR – V YASH JAIN, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – V YASH JAIN, DEFICIENCIES IN THE INDIAN LAND REVENUE SYSTEM AND INEFFICIENCIES IN THE LAND APPROVAL PROCESSES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 961-968, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

INTRODUCTION

Land is one of the most critical resources for any economy, serving as a foundational element for various sectors, including agriculture, industry, housing, and infrastructure development. In India, where nearly half of the population relies on agriculture for their livelihood, the importance of land extends beyond mere economic value. It holds profound cultural, historical, and social significance, acting as a source of identity and community for millions. Land is often intertwined with traditions, livelihoods, and even spiritual beliefs, making it a key element in the fabric of Indian society.

Despite its vital role, the Indian land revenue system has been fraught with deficiencies that hinder effective land governance and management. This system is responsible for collecting revenue from landowners, maintaining land records, and ensuring equitable access to land resources. However, the framework that governs land revenue is outdated, often characterized by archaic laws, inefficient processes, and bureaucratic red tape. Many states still rely on colonial-era regulations that fail to reflect the realities of modern land use and ownership, resulting in a disconnect between legal frameworks and ground realities.