AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS LOANS

AUTHOR – DR.MOHAMMAD MAHMOUD SAID ALDAWOUD, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF COMMERCIAL LAW, FACULTY OF LAW/ ZARQA UNIVERSITY. CONTACT – MALDAWOUD@ZU.EDU.JO

BEST CITATION – DR.MOHAMMAD MAHMOUD SAID ALDAWOUD, AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS LOANS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 831-843, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

1. ABSTRACT

A business loan is a traditional, albeit reliable, source of capital for enterprises. It is a means to operate and get funds in order to grow. It is important to know how a business loan works and also ensure that it helps your company and does not harm it. A business loan is a loan that is given to a business, and not to an individual. It is, however, similar to the conventional personal loan in many ways. Either can be used for taking out funds in order to purchase required items like equipment or expand sales. Similarly to a personal loan, a business loan should be paid back within an agreed term.

The person who runs the corporation or business must be extremely different from the business itself. There is a “veil of liability” that should keep the corporation separate. When corporations are formed, they are usually by their nature limited liability entities. This means that the owners are not held personally responsible for the debts of the corporation. Therefore, when a corporation asks or applies for a loan, the corporation is liable for that. If the corporation is unable to repay it, then the corporation is liable to go bankrupt. However, the assets of the person are safe.

It is necessary for any business, whether it be small or big, to obtain the right kind of business loan.

Keywords: Loans, Business Loans, Business Loan Market, Jordan Law.

THE LEGAL SCOPE OF THE INVENTOR’S RIGHTS

AUTHOR – DR. MOHAMMED MUSLIM AL-ZAWAHREH, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW, FACULTY OF LAW/ ZARQA UNIVERSITY. CONTACT – MALZAWAHREH@ZU.EDU.JO

BEST CITATION – DR. MOHAMMED MUSLIM AL-ZAWAHREH, THE LEGAL SCOPE OF THE INVENTOR’S RIGHTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 824-830, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

1. ABSTRACT

This work is prepared in response to the fact that the present era has reflected a climate conducive to invention in virtually every field. International commercial trade is increasing rapidly and presenting innumerable contracts and relationships in technology transfer, collaboration, and joint ventures. Moreover, there is also a significant rise in the number of disputes between foreign business entities, as well as between businesses and states, over investments, contracts, and dealings in intellectual property, technology, and trade secrets. A common feature of these kinds of controversies is that the aggrieved party is likely to seek redress which interferes with the rights and interests of other private persons or enterprises. This can happen through court orders or arbitration awards aimed at seizing or compelling the release of intellectual or industrial property, adjudicating its ownership or validity, or directing the infringer or a third party to stop using or to deliver up the things found to infringe.

AN ANALYSIS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA

AUTHOR – MS. BIJAYA DAS, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, FACULTY OF LAW & FORENSIC SCIENCES, APEX PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY, PASIGHAT, ARUNACHAL PRADESH

BEST CITATION – MS. BIJAYA DAS, AN ANALYSIS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 815-823, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

The term “intellectual property” refers to works of art, literary creations, and inventions as well as trademarked designs, symbols, names, and pictures. They often provide the creator an exclusive, time-limited right to use their invention. The protection of ideas and the advancement of creative research are the main objectives of intellectual property. It is legally protected by patents, copyright, and trademarks, which let people profit financially or gain notoriety from their inventions. When obtaining intellectual property rights in India, there are numerous challenges that one must overcome, including the prevention of patent evergreening, the protection of traditional knowledge, subsidies, and intellectual property difficulties. The outlets for enforcing intellectual property are law enforcement, customs, and the court system. Trademarks and copyright can be enforced through both criminal and civil litigation, unlike patents and designs, which can only be enforced through civil litigation. Lack of awareness of intellectual property protection, judicial backlogs, insufficient legislation, and ineffective application and monitoring of these regulations are the difficulties facing in intellectual property enforcement.

Keywords: Intellectual Property, enforcement, challenges, issues, government initiative.

THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP OF MUD & CRYSTALS IN INDIAN PROPERTY LAW

AUTHOR – GARRV LODDHA JAIN & SHARAN SAI VENKATA SUBHASH POKURU, STUDENT AT O.P. JINDAL GLOBAL UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – GARRV LODDHA JAIN & SHARAN SAI VENKATA SUBHASH POKURU, THE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP OF MUD & CRYSTALS IN INDIAN PROPERTY LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 809-814, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The article explores the complexities of property law, which is defined as a collection of rights that belong to an individual, and provides further details on the strict and permissive legal theories that underpin these rights. According to the conventional perspective, property law is a “crystal” structure with precise, rigid regulations that specify certain results, including property loss from delinquent loans or unregistered deeds, or the sale of properties that aren’t really good without disclosure. But by combining both strict “crystal” and flexible “mud” principles, the Indian Transfer of Property Act presents a more balanced picture. The goal of this coexistence is to guarantee the effective administration of property law by striking a balance between the stability of rights and obligations and flexibility in response to changing conditions. With a fresh perspective on how these doctrines work within the legal system, this study seeks to offer a thorough understanding of these ideas. It looks at how these components interact in order to further our knowledge of the dual nature of property law and how it affects jurisprudence and legal practice.

A CRITICAL STUDY ON MINIMUM ALTERNATIVE TAX IN INDIA

AUTHOR – RAGHUNATH, M, LL.M (TAXATION LAW), SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – RAGHUNATH, M, A CRITICAL STUDY ON MINIMUM ALTERNATIVE TAX IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 804-808, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

            Minimum alternate taxation is a measure taken by the legislature to address the issue that companies which declare high profits, but pay low or no taxes (‘zero-tax’ companies). Parliament has experimented with numerous approaches to legislate MAT since 1983 and continues to do so in the proposed Direct Tax Code. This paper shows the various changes made in MAT regime over the years and the interpretational problems that have arisen with provisions of MAT credit, advance payment and calculation of book profits. It then considers the demerits of this taxation regime with reference to the economic effects of the burden of this tax, and the attendant compliance and record-keeping costs. With this in mind, this paper argues that the MAT regime should be modified and puts forth two proposals for reform.

Keywords: Minimum Alternative Tax, Companies, Book profits, Zero tax companies

A CRITICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTING THE CHILD LABOUR (PROHIBITION AND REGULATION) ACT, 1986 IN THE FIRE CRACKER INDUSTRIES OF SIVAKASI

AUTHOR – SWETHA.R, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTION OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCE (SIMATS), SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – SWETHA.R, A CRITICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMPLEMENTING THE CHILD LABOUR (PROHIBITION AND REGULATION) ACT, 1986 IN THE FIRE CRACKER INDUSTRIES OF SIVAKASI, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 787-803, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

India has a long history of child labour due to socio-economic disparities. The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986, is a crucial piece of legislation that marked a significant turning point in the country’s approach to addressing child labor. The majore objective of this study is to find the effectiveness of implementing the child labour (prohibition and regulation) act, 1986 in the fire crackers industry of sivakasi. The research type followed here is empirical research and the data was collected from 216 respondents through a convenient sampling method. And it was collected in and around chennai. It is found that most of the respondents rated 6 out of 10 for the effectiveness of the act. Also, people stated providing alternative livelihhood fir families are the effective way to reduce child labour in the fire cracker industries of sivakasi. In conclusion, the study on the effectiveness of the Child Labour Act in the fireworks industry of Sivakasi raises important concerns. While there have been significant improvements in curbing child labour in recent years, there is still work to be done. Enforcement of the Act remains a challenge, and socio-economic factors continue to contribute to child labour in the industry.

KEYWORDS : Child labour, Prohibition, Firecracker, Industry, Sivakasi.

A CRITICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF MEDIA EXPOSURE TO TOBACCO, ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOLS ON YOUTH WITH REFERENCE TO CHENNAI

AUTHOR – GOWTHAM.P, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES.

BEST CITATION – GOWTHAM.P, A CRITICAL STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF MEDIA EXPOSURE TO TOBACCO, ILLICIT DRUGS AND ALCOHOLS ON YOUTH WITH REFERENCE TO CHENNAI, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 774-786, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

Media exposure plays a significant role in shaping the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of young individuals. The pervasive presence of tobacco, illicit drugs, and alcohol in various media forms has raised concerns about its potential impact on youth. These substances are often portrayed glamorously in movies, television shows, music videos, and social media, potentially normalising their use and influencing young people’s decision-making processes. This study aims to investigate the types and frequency of media consumption among youth, identifying the primary sources of exposure to tobacco, illicit drugs, and alcohol, and to explore how these media representations influence youth perceptions and attitudes towards these substances. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003, prohibits advertising of tobacco products and mandates health warnings, while the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985, bans advertisements of narcotics and regulates their control. Additionally, it seeks to analyse the correlation between media exposure and actual substance use behaviours, determine if there are significant differences in impact among different demographic groups, and provide insights for developing targeted interventions and public health campaigns. This research aims to contribute to the growing body of literature on media influence and youth behaviour, offering evidence-based recommendations for stakeholders, including parents, educators, policymakers, and media creators, to enhance prevention efforts and safeguard the well-being of future generations.

KEY WORDS : Media, Exposure, Young, Substances use, Parents.

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON SILENT VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND WOMEN’S HEALTH IN CHENNAI

AUTHOR – TAMEENA.H, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES (SIMATS), CHENNAI-77

BEST CITATION – TAMEENA.H, AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON SILENT VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND WOMEN’S HEALTH IN CHENNAI, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 759-772, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Domestic violence remains a critical issue in Chennai, as in many parts of India and the world. The evolution of women’s health in this context is shaped by multiple factors, including societal attitudes, legal frameworks, healthcare infrastructure, and advocacy efforts. The effects of domestic violence extend far beyond the immediate physical injuries, leading to long-term health consequences and profound psychological trauma. The societal norms and cultural expectations in Chennai, deeply rooted in patriarchy, often perpetuate the cycle of abuse, making it difficult for women to seek help or escape violent situations. The main objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence and patterns of domestic violence experienced by women, to assess the level of awareness and understanding of domestic violence among both men and women, to evaluate the effectiveness of existing governmental initiatives in preventing and addressing domestic violence.  A total of 210 samples here have been taken out of which is taken through convenient sampling. The sampling frame taken by the researcher is the public areas. Culturally sensitive outreach efforts targeting marginalized communities, technology-facilitated reporting platforms for discreet access to support services, and peer support networks for survivors are also essential. Trauma-informed healthcare practices, legal advocacy programs, crisis intervention hotlines, and empowerment workshops tailored to the needs of silent victims can further enhance support and assistance.

KEY WORDS : Domestic, Violences, Women, Health, Psychological Trauma.

FREE PRESS AND LAW: A STUDY ON CHALLENGES FACED BY JOURNALISTS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – PUNNAGAI.K, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCE (SIMATS), CHENNAI – 77

BEST CITATION – PUNNAGAI.K, FREE PRESS AND LAW: A STUDY ON CHALLENGES FACED BY JOURNALISTS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 740-748, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Personal liberty is a multidimensional spectacle that evades precise meaning. Broadly speaking it stands for freedom and exemption from superfluous control. It indicates the power of the will and one’s ability to follow one’s unrestricted choice. It is under this that all freedoms exist, the freedom of speech and expression being the foremost among them, second only to the freedom of life. In our country, liberty of thought, expression, belief , faith and worship is promised. The philosophy is given in the Preamble of the Indian constitution itself. This paper aims to analyze the validity of this freedom in today’s India and tries to grasp the role of the present government concerning the freedom of press. Major findings of the study are that the majority of the youngsters are aware of the issue and threats faced by the journalists in doing their work and many think the perpetrators and mobs and supporters of religious sects followed political parties.

The Indian constitution does not grant any specific leverage for journalists to protect their work. However, Article 19 of the Indian constitution grants freedom of speeches to all citizens with reasonable restrictions. So more stringent laws and provisions  should be made to protect the journalists and abolish the colonial era sedition laws which are widely used to silence dissent.

KEYWORDS : freedom of press, attacks, journalists, media, constitution

THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF CORPORATE MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS ACTIVITIES

AUTHOR – TASKEEN SHOWKAT, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

BEST CITATION – TASKEEN SHOWKAT, THE LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF CORPORATE MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS ACTIVITIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (2) OF 2024, PG. 749-758, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The complex legal frameworks and laws that impact M&A in India’s dynamic and ever-evolving corporate sector are the subject of this exhaustive study. Significant statutes including the Indian Income Tax Act, Foreign Exchange Management Regulation, and Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code are examined in this article. Regulations governing corporate acquisitions and mergers render these laws pertinent.

1. What legal framework governs acquisitions and mergers in the Indian corporate sector?
2. Which legal obstacles pose the greatest challenge for parties involved in business mergers and acquisitions in India?
3. What is the impact of recent regulatory modifications on mergers and acquisitions within the corporate landscape of India?

A examination of the legal system in India revealed that acquisition and merger transactions are extraordinarily complex. The Indian Income Tax Act is essential to the financing of mergers and acquisitions. Another noteworthy law is the Foreign Exchange Management Regulation of the RBI. This regulation establishes the foreign exchange regulations that govern the issuance and allocation of shares to foreign organisations. In accordance with the 2016 Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, the favoured purchase route is insolvent company resolution. Aspects of mergers and acquisitions such as asset transfers, stock exchange regulations, and court authorizations are covered in the text. Although mutual agreements may initiate the procedure, judicial approval is required. Prosecutorial bodies regulate mergers. Following the completion of the procedure, the merged company will be listed on the stock market and issue shares and debentures. In the context of M&A negotiations, an analysis is conducted on timing concerns, transaction structures, escrows, earn-outs, statements, warranties, and object identification. Strategic planning is emphasised in this article in relation to mergers and acquisitions. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Indian mergers and acquisitions law for the benefit of stakeholders. This research offers a solid basis for formulating well-informed evaluations in the volatile economy of India. This organisation promotes accountability, transparency, and strategic foresight in merger and acquisition matters.

Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions, Corporate Law, Legal Implications, Regulatory Framework, India.