A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SAMEER KHAN, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – SAMEER KHAN, A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CHILD LABOUR IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 928-930, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Child labour is a serious problem from many decades and a challenge for many developing countries. It has existed over the centuries not only in the impoverished areas of developing countries but also in developed countries until the beginning of the 20th century. Many countries have enacted various laws and have taken serious initiative to eradicate child labour, yet still the problem is very widespread throughout the world. The problem of child labour appears in severe form and various factors are involved with it. The causes for the incidence of child labour in India are complex and deeply rooted into the society. Poverty seems to be the main cause. Child labour can be found in both urban and rural areas. However the vast majority of child labour occurs in rural areas since poverty is more rampant. Although many poor rural families struggle for a better life in urban areas, this pushes families to force their children to work in order to increase the family income and ensure survival. This paper analysis the various responsible factors for child labour and attempts to find out those areas where there is discrimination in child labour. In addition the objective of this paper is to make a critical analysis of child labour in India. The findings reveal that child labour was a serious evil for the developing country -India. But now as per census report 2011, The total number of working children in the country has declined from 1.26 crore as per the census 2001 to 43.53 lakh as per census 2011 which shows 65 percent reduction.

Keywords: child labour, forms, factors, discrimination, critical analysis

INSIDER TRADING UNDER THE INDIAN CORPORATE LAW REGIME – AN OVERVIEW

AUTHORS – VIJAY PRATAP SINGH* & MR. AYUSH SARAN**, STUDENT* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR** AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – VIJAY PRATAP SINGH & MR. AYUSH SARAN, INSIDER TRADING UNDER THE INDIAN CORPORATE LAW REGIME – AN OVERVIEW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 921-927, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This abstract delves into the intricate dynamics of corporate governance, insider trading, and market regulations, particularly focusing on the Indian context. It explores the evolution of corporate governance frameworks, highlighting the influence of global movements such as the Cadbury Committee’s recommendations. The narrative emphasizes the importance of transparency, accountability, and professionalism in corporate practices, showcasing the shift from traditional family-dominated businesses to modern institutionalized structures.

The abstract also touches upon the concept of insider trading, delineating its legal and illegal aspects and the regulatory efforts to curb unfair advantages in securities trading. It discusses the historical context of insider trading, referencing shifts in societal perceptions from viewing it as an advantage to recognizing it as a crime against shareholders and market integrity.

Furthermore, the abstract underscores the ongoing challenges in corporate governance, including the need for independent directors, robust disclosure norms, and the role of institutional investors in enhancing accountability. It reflects on the regulatory landscape in India, acknowledging progress while also highlighting persisting issues such as poor disclosure levels and opaque corporate structures. Overall, this abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the complexities and evolving paradigms in corporate governance and market regulations, drawing insights from global trends and contextualizing them within the Indian business landscape.

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON RISK MANAGEMENT IN GENERAL AND LIFE INSURANCE

AUTHORS – G.RAMYA* & MS. T. VAISHALI**, LLM SCHOLAR* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW** AT THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (SOEL), CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – G.RAMYA & MS. T. VAISHALI, A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON RISK MANAGEMENT IN GENERAL AND LIFE INSURANCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 916-920, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

         This paper starts with an introduction with a critical analysis on risk management in general and life insurance. Risk management is a systematic process for identifying, assessing, and controlling potential threats to a business or investment. It’s important for insurance companies because they take on risk from their customers, and the level of risk determines the insurance premium. Here are some key aspects of risk management:

AN EXAMINATION OF CREDIT CARD FRAUDS – TYPES, TECHNIQUES AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN INDIA

AUTHOR – CHARUMATHY B* & MS. T. VAISHALI**, LLM SCHOLAR* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW** AT THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (SOEL), CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – CHARUMATHY B & MS. T. VAISHALI, AN EXAMINATION OF CREDIT CARD FRAUDS – TYPES, TECHNIQUES AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 909-915, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Credit card fraud poses a significant challenge for India, with a growing number of instances involving unauthorized credit card use and financial losses emerging as a major concern. The paper explores different approaches to detect and prevent credit card fraud through smart data analysis, AI-powered machine learning, real-time transaction monitoring, as well as discussing prevention strategies like implementing two-factor authentication (2FA), secure payment systems, and educating consumers. Through the use of these tools and processes, banks, customers and beneficiaries can work together to minimize the risks of credit card fraud while also improving overall security measures.

Keywords: Credit Card, Frauds, Tools, Techniques, Prevention, Cyber, Transactions.

BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION AND ITS ROLE IN PREVENTION OF DEBIT AND CREDIT CARD FRAUD

AUTHOR – YOGASURUTHI M* & MS. T. VAISHALI**, LLM SCHOLAR* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW** AT THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (SOEL), CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – YOGASURUTHI M & MS. T. VAISHALI, BIOMETRIC AUTHENTICATION AND ITS ROLE IN PREVENTION OF DEBIT AND CREDIT CARD FRAUD, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 899-908, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

Biometric authentication has become the latest trend in avoiding debit and credit card fraud because it relies on special, unique physiological and behavioral characteristics to verify a person’s identity. Biometric identifiers such as fingerprinting, facial recognition, and voice patterns are intrinsically safe and unique, unlike traditional methods like PINs or passwords, where thieves can easily steal or copy them. This research suggests an innovative way to prevent payment card fraud using biometrics. The solution integrates with the existing payment card security system and takes advantage of biometric recognition technology, which gives a unique ID and stores the biometric data of an individual, just like Aadhaar. A biometric verification system’s integration with a payment card security system not only improves the security of card users but also ensures the physical presence of the cardholder at the point of sale. Further, the employment of biometrics in the financial industry will assure safety standards. This aspect reduces the risks relating to identity theft and duplicate issuance of credit cards along with other wrongful uses. Besides that, the biometric authentication process could also become easy and possible at the level satisfying both the protection demands as well as the convenience aspects together with a balance, being the wonderful tool for fraud in fast-transposing the digital economy. It is changing the future of secure financial transactions with an added layer of security in multi-factor authentication and real-time identity verification.

Keywords: Biometrics, Credit Card Fraud, Fingerprint recognition, Face recognition, Iris Recognition

LAWS TO PREVENT SOCIA ECONOMIC OFFENCES IN INDIA

AUTHORS – Ms. K. M. PRATHYUSHA* & MS. T. VAISHALI**, LLM SCHOLAR* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW** AT THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (SOEL), CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – Ms. K. M. PRATHYUSHA & MS. T. VAISHALI, LAWS TO PREVENT SOCIA ECONOMIC OFFENCES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 891-898, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Socio-economic offences in India are distinct from conventional crimes as they target the economic stability and social fabric of the nation. These offences, including corruption, tax evasion, money laundering, and adulteration, have far-reaching consequences for governance, public welfare, and economic development. This paper explores the legal framework designed to combat such offences, focusing on key legislations like the Prevention of Corruption Act, the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, and the Prevention of Money Laundering Act. It also examines the implementation challenges, such as judicial delays, systemic corruption, and public unawareness. Through case studies of major socio-economic offences, the paper highlights the impact of these crimes and the effectiveness of current laws. Finally, it proposes reforms and recommendations to strengthen enforcement mechanisms, enhance public awareness, and leverage technology to ensure socio-economic justice and sustainable growth in India.

Keywords: Socio-economic offences, Corruption, Money laundering, Tax evasion, Legal framework.

LEGAL MECHANISMS IN GENERAL INSURANCE

AUTHORS – MS. ABINAYA S* & MS. T. VAISHALI**, LLM SCHOLAR* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW** AT THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (SOEL), CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – MS. ABINAYA S & MS. T. VAISHALI, LEGAL MECHANISMS IN GENERAL INSURANCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 878-890, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This document provides a comprehensive overview of general insurance, highlighting its significance in risk management and economic stability. General insurance encompasses various types of coverage, including health, motor, property, liability, and travel insurance, which safeguard individuals and businesses against unexpected financial losses. By enabling risk transfer, general insurance promotes operational continuity, encourages investment, and bolsters consumer confidence across economic activities. The second part of the text examines economic crimes within the general insurance sector, detailing common types of fraud, methods of deception, and the underlying drivers that lead to such unlawful activities. The impact of these crimes is profound, resulting in financial losses, increased premiums for honest policyholders, reputational damage to the industry, and heightened regulatory challenges. Lastly, the document emphasizes the necessity for robust legal mechanisms and enhanced regulatory frameworks to combat economic crimes, advocating for the use of advanced technologies and global collaboration to strengthen the integrity of the insurance sector.

Keywords – General insurance, economic crime, legal framework, fraud prevention, compliance.

THE ANATOMY OF INSURANCE FRAUDS IN INDIA: PREVENTION AND DETECTION

AUTHORS – MS. JOTHI POORNA S* & MS. T. VAISHALI **, LLM SCHOLAR* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW** AT THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (SOEL), CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – MS. JOTHI POORNA S & MS. T. VAISHALI, THE ANATOMY OF INSURANCE FRAUDS IN INDIA: PREVENTION AND DETECTION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 863-870, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The insurance sector plays an important role as a financial safeguard for the economic stability of individuals and businesses. It provides a blanket protection to businesses and events offering financial relief and security in case of unforeseen events. Over the years the Indian insurance sector has witnessed substantial growth, with an increasing number of individuals and entities seeking coverage for life, property, health, and more. However, with growth comes challenges insurance fraud has emerged as a critical issue in the insurance sector leading to significant financial losses and breach of trust between the insurers and policyholders. The lack of a robust verification process, comprehensive training, and awareness programs are key attributes of insurance fraud. The regulatory framework in India spearheaded by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has taken proactive measures to address these challenges but despite these efforts, the dynamic nature of insurance fraud demands continuous innovation and prevention strategies. As the insurance sector evolves it should also be able to adopt recent trends to combat the ongoing frauds if not addressed soon it will lead to a cycle of distrust and inefficiency between the insurers and policyholders which can be challenging to break. This article analyses the various forms of insurance fraud rampant in India and seeks to shed light on effective strategies for prevention and detection.

Keywords: Insurance fraud, strategies, detection, prevention, regulatory framework.

HATE SPEECH REGULATION IN INDIA – LEGAL FRAMEWORK, DIGITAL CHALLENGES, AND SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS

AUTHOR – SARTHAK BOBADE, STUDENT AT NARSEE MONJEE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (NMIMS)

BEST CITATION – SARTHAK BOBADE, HATE SPEECH REGULATION IN INDIA – LEGAL FRAMEWORK, DIGITAL CHALLENGES, AND SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 852-862, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

How do we navigate the complex interplay between freedom of speech and the imperative to combat hate speech in India? This paper embarks on a multidimensional exploration, traversing the legal, digital, and societal landscapes to unravel the intricacies of hate speech regulation in the country. Delving into the labyrinthine corridors of legislation and jurisprudence, it scrutinizes the contours of hate speech laws, constitutional safeguards, and pivotal judicial pronouncements. But as the digital age ushers in unprecedented challenges, how do we regulate hate speech in the vast and nebulous realm of cyberspace? This inquiry navigates through jurisdictional conundrums, the transformative influence of online intermediaries, and the blurred boundaries of digital discourse. Beyond the legal realm, the paper illuminates the societal reverberations of hate speech, probing its corrosive impact on marginalized communities and the delicate fabric of societal cohesion. Yet, amidst these challenges, how do we forge a path forward? From legislative reforms to grassroots initiatives, it explores a spectrum of strategies aimed at fostering inclusivity, nurturing digital literacy, and cultivating empathetic dialogue. As the symphony of voices resounds across the digital ether, how do we harmonize the cacophony of conflicting interests and aspirations? This paper aspires to provide a resonant chord, weaving together insights from legal precedents, digital dynamics, and societal perspectives to chart a course towards a more equitable and compassionate society. In its essence, this paper is not merely an academic pursuit but a clarion call for collective introspection and concerted action. How do we reconcile the soaring ideals of free speech with the imperative to confront hate speech? Join us on this odyssey as we navigate the enigmatic waters of freedom, expression, and the quest for a more just and harmonious society. In 2023, India recorded 668 documented hate speech events that targeted Muslims, according to a report released by India Hate Lab, a Washington DC-based group that documents hate speech against India’s religious minorities. The report, titled ‘Hate Speech Events in India’, noted that while 255 events took place in the first half of 2023, “the number rose to 413 in the second half of the year, a 62% increase”. India is characterized by abundant cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity. The importance of understanding the impact of hate speech in this context should not be underestimated. Hate speech might have a dramatic effect on social harmony, individual well-being, and the democratic fabric of a nation, with a disproportionate impact on minorities and marginalized communities. Researchers agree that exposure to hate speech may be associated with political radicalization and political violence.

PENAL POPULISM IN INDIA: THE EXPANSION OF THE DEATH PENALTY AND THE RISE OF EXTRAJUDICIAL JUSTICE

AUTHOR – NEHA RAJESH, STUDENT AT NALSAR UNIVERSITY OF LAW, HYDERABAD.

BEST CITATION – NEHA RAJESH, PENAL POPULISM IN INDIA: THE EXPANSION OF THE DEATH PENALTY AND THE RISE OF EXTRAJUDICIAL JUSTICE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 843-851, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This paper explores the rise of penal populism in India, characterized by political efforts to respond to public fear of crime by imposing harsher punishments, often at odds with expert recommendations. Drawing on two case studies—(i) the expansion of the death penalty for sexual offences in the aftermath of the Nirbhaya and Kathua rape cases, and (ii) the rise of extrajudicial practices like bulldozer demolitions and police encounter killings in Uttar Pradesh—the paper illustrates how penal populism has influenced both substantive and procedural aspects of Indian criminal law. While public outrage, fuelled by media sensationalism, has led to the expansion of the death penalty, extrajudicial actions are justified as necessary for swift justice, bypassing established legal procedures. The paper argues that penal populism often undermines the integrity of the justice system by prioritizing public approval over expert-driven policy solutions. It calls for a renewed focus on public education and greater accessibility of legal knowledge to counter populist narratives and restore balance in penal policymaking.

Keywords: Penal populism; Death penalty; Nirbhaya case; Extrajudicial justice; Bulldozer demolitions; Police encounter killings.