VIRTUAL VIOLENCE: UNDERSTANDING CYBERCRIME AGAINST WOMEN

AUTHOR – YOGESH PRASAD KOLEKAR, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – YOGESH PRASAD KOLEKAR, VIRTUAL VIOLENCE: UNDERSTANDING CYBERCRIME AGAINST WOMEN, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 20-23, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of M.K.E.S. College of Law and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Women’s Rights and Legal Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

In the digital age, the internet has become an integral part of our lives, offering countless opportunities for communication, education, and empowerment. Cybercrime against women encompasses a wide range of offenses, including online harassment, stalking, defamation, morphing, revenge porn, and identity theft. Cybercrime refers to criminal activities that are executed through the use of electronic devices, such as computers or mobile phones. Cybercrime against women refers to any criminal activity that targets women using digital technologies. These crimes often exploit the anonymity and reach of the internet to harass, intimidate, or harm women. Persistent online harassment encompasses actions such as sending threatening or abusive messages, tracking a woman’s online presence, or repeatedly reaching out without her permission. The act of disseminating false or harmful information about a woman across social media or other online channels is known as online defamation. India has taken significant steps to address cybercrime against women through a combination of specific laws and amendments to existing legislation. The primary legal frameworks include the Information Technology Act, 2000 and under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023

Keywords: Cybercrime against women, virtual violence, cyberstalking, online defamation, Information Technology Act, 2000

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL AND TRADITIONAL LENDING PRACTICES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – RADHIKA PILLAI, STUDENT AT GIBS BUSINESS SCHOOL, BANGALORE

BEST CITATION – RADHIKA PILLAI, INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL AND TRADITIONAL LENDING PRACTICES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 554-565, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This research investigates the comparative dynamics between digital and traditional lending practices in the evolving financial services landscape. The study examines the technological, operational, and customer-centric aspects of lending practices. The research employed a multi- stage stratified sampling method, collecting data from respondents across various stakeholder groups including financial services consumers, banking professionals, and fintech experts. Key hypotheses were tested, focusing on technological efficiency, risk assessment accuracy, customer experience, financial inclusion, and technological adaptation. The findings reveal significant differences between digital and traditional lending practices in terms of operational efficiency, risk assessment capabilities, and customer satisfaction. Digital lending platforms demonstrated superior performance in loan processing and customer experience. The study also found that AI- driven credit scoring models provided more accurate risk assessments compared to traditional methods. However, challenges persist in areas of regulatory compliance and data security. The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the transformation of lending practices and offers strategic insights for financial institutions navigating the digital transformation journey. Additionally, the study proposes a framework for evaluating and implementing digital lending technologies while maintaining robust risk management practices.

Keywords: Digital Lending, Traditional Banking, Financial Technology, Credit Assessment, Technology Acceptance Model, PLS-SEM, Artificial Intelligence, Risk Management, Financial Inclusion, Customer Experience, Banking Innovation, Fintech Transformation, Digital Banking, Lending Technologies, Financial Services.

THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT FINANCIAL CRIMES IN CORPORATE

AUTHOR – DRISHTI KAMALAKSHA KOTIAN, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – DRISHTI KAMALAKSHA KOTIAN, THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT FINANCIAL CRIMES IN CORPORATE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 546-553, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

In the era of expedited globalization and technological advancement in every aspect of the economic and social growth, the growth of financial crimes in the corporate alongside is very evidently increasing. Such frauds can be prevented, tracked and detected through the usage of Artificial Intelligence more proficiently than the traditional methods available in today’s world that cannot keep up with the anomalies in financial transactions, since dealing with complex algorithms and layered financial activities is best done through Artificial Intelligence.

Collectively, this research paper gives an intricate insight on the multi-faceted aspects of Artificial Intelligence in the detection of financial crimes in the corporate, its impact, benefits, ethical implications and need for constant evolution of the Artificial Intelligence in itself.

A more adaptable approach is needed for the pace at which the financial world is growing and Artificial Intelligence, currently, fits the role well.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Financial crimes, Machine Learning, Risk Management, Natural language processing, blockchain technology

DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF GENDER WITHIN A WORKPLACE SETTING- A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LAW AND SUGGESTIONS FOR CHANGES

AUTHOR – HONEY TARUN THAKKAR, STUDENT AT M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – HONEY TARUN THAKKAR, DISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF GENDER WITHIN A WORKPLACE SETTING- A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE LAW AND SUGGESTIONS FOR CHANGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 16-19, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of M.K.E.S. College of Law and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Women’s Rights and Legal Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

Abstract

Workplace gender discrimination is a persistent problem that violates fundamental human rights and impedes economic growth. In spite of considerable advancement through legislation, women and other marginalized gender groups still suffer from wage gaps, workplace bullying, and advancement barriers. This article studies the Indian legal system’s approach toward gender discrimination, including its constitutional, labor, and judicial components. It assesses the gap between the Indian legal system and international expectations as well. The paper ends with recommendations for laws and policies that create equitable access to workplaces.

Keywords: discriminatory behavior, equal opportunity, employment abuse, glass ceiling, integrated legal system, prevention of sexual harassment Act, Equal Remuneration Act, case law, CEDAW, ILO policy reforms.

     

ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND ITS ROLE IN PREVENTING FINANCIAL FRAUD

AUTHOR – ADVIKA ADGAONKAR, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – ADVIKA ADGAONKAR, ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND ITS ROLE IN PREVENTING FINANCIAL FRAUD, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 536-547, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This study focuses on how ethical leadership is important in preventing financial fraud by employees within an organization. Ethical leadership ensues when leaders and managers consider the needs of customers, employees and society over what is profitable to ensure transparency, fairness, accountability and integrity within an organization. It can increase motivation, reputation, and goodwill, bring in talented employees, and reduce financial losses. It helps in retaining talent and making the organization a safe place to voice opinions which in turn stimulates creativity and ideas.

Growing competition in the market leads to the need to achieve higher financial goals in a short period. This in turn results in employees resorting to fraudulent activities to achieve such high targets. In the long run, it reduces the organization’s image and trust in the eyes of the public. To avoid the downfall of an organization, leaders need to lead by example and build cohesion amongst their internal teams. Leaders who can create an environment that cultivates and highlights ethics at every stage of an employee’s journey in an organization can mitigate or nullify financial fraud and ensure longevity.

Keywords: Ethical Leadership, Transparency, Fairness, Accountability, Integrity, Motivation, Reputation, Goodwill, Longevity and Cohesion.

TOWARDS A MODEL FOR ALTERNATIVE PUNISHMENTS IN THE PALESTINIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES

AUTHOR – ISSAM AL-ATRASH, DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINOLOGY AND LAW, AL-ISTIQLAL UNIVERSITY, PALESTINE. EMAIL: ESAM_AL_ATRASH@YAHOO.COM ORCID: 0009-0000-5811-3399

BEST CITATION – ISSAM AL-ATRASH, TOWARDS A MODEL FOR ALTERNATIVE PUNISHMENTS IN THE PALESTINIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 514-522, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to identify a model of alternative punishments in the Palestinian criminal justice system in the light of international experiences, by identifying the nature of community surveillance, house arrest, quasi-freedom system, division of punishment, and postponement of the pronouncement of punishment, the researcher has used in his study the analytical approach and the comparative approach in order to reach a model of alternative punishments in the Palestinian criminal justice system in the light of international experiences, and the study has found the possibility of developing this model for alternative punishments in the Palestinian criminal justice system,  Accordingly, the study recommended the need for the Palestinian legislator to adopt the model of alternative penalties in the Palestinian criminal justice system by adding these forms to the Jordanian Penal Code No. 16 of 1960, which is applied in the West Bank, or singling out legislation for alternative penalties.

Keywords: Alternative punishments, criminal justice system, international experiences, model.

LIBERTY UNDER LAW: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BAIL AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT

AUTHOR – SOMOSHRI BANERJEE, LLM SCHOLAR AT JOGESH CHANDRA CHAUDHURI LAW COLLEGE

BEST CITATION – SOMOSHRI BANERJEE, LIBERTY UNDER LAW: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BAIL AS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 507-513, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Freedom, I say, is not  an absence of restraints; it is a composite of restraints. There is no liberty without order.            There   is no order without systematized restraint.

-Justice E. Barrett Prettyman, Former U.S. Judge

Bail, a legal mechanism that allows an accused person to be temporarily released from custody while awaiting trial, is fundamentally tied to the principles of justice and personal liberty. As a cornerstone of criminal jurisprudence, bail upholds the presumption of innocence—a key tenet of fair trial standards. The right to bail ensures that individuals are not unnecessarily deprived of their freedom prior to being found guilty of a crime, which would be a premature punishment. This concept is grounded in both constitutional and human rights frameworks, emphasizing that an accused must not be subjected to prolonged pretrial detention unless there is a valid and significant reason for denying bail, such as the risk of absconding, tampering with evidence, or threatening public safety.

In democratic societies, the right to bail is integral to preventing the arbitrary use of state power, ensuring that individuals are treated justly and equitably regardless of the accusations against them. By balancing the rights of the accused with the need to protect society, the judiciary plays a pivotal role in determining fair bail conditions. Despite its importance, debates around the accessibility of bail have surfaced, with concerns raised about discriminatory practices, excessive bail amounts, and inconsistencies in its application, particularly for marginalized communities. This paper examines bail as a fundamental right, exploring its legal basis, significance, and the challenges associated with its implementation. It argues that, while bail is essential for protecting individual liberty and ensuring fairness, reforms are needed to make the bail system more just and equitable. Through a critical analysis of legal provisions, judicial decisions, and case studies, this paper highlights the need for a more consistent and rights-focused approach to bail within modern legal systems.

BAIL IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM: TYPES, PROCEDURES AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

      AUTHOR – SOROKHAIBAM SATYAJYOTI SINGH* & DR. S. JAMES**

*PHD RESEARCH SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW, MANIPUR INTRANATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR, INDIA, EMAIL: SATYAJYOTI.SOROKHAIBAM1@GMAIL.COM

** PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW. MANIPUR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR, INDIA EMAIL: DRJAMES835@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – SOROKHAIBAM SATYAJYOTI SINGH & DR. S. JAMES, BAIL IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM: TYPES, PROCEDURES AND CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 523-535, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Introduction

The concept of bail, which is a basic part of the Indian criminal jurisprudence and it is well recognized principle among all the judicial systems of the world. Bail, in law, means procurement of release from prison of a person awaiting trial or an appeal, by the deposit of security to ensure his submission at the required time to legal authority. The monetary value of the security, known also as the bail, or, more accurately, the bail bond, is set by the court having jurisdiction over the prisoner. The security may be cash, the papers giving title to property, or the bond of private persons of means or of a professional bondsman or bonding company. Failure of the person released on bail to surrender himself at the appointed time results in forfeiture of the security. Courts have greater discretion to grant or deny bail in the case of persons under criminal arrest.

ENHANCING CRIMINAL JUSTICE THROUGH FORENSIC SCIENCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE NORTHEAST STATE OF MANIPUR

AUTHOR – SOROKHAIBAM SATYAJYOTI SINGH* & DR. S. JAMES**

*PHD RESEARCH SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW, MANIPUR INTRANATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR, INDIA, EMAIL: SATYAJYOTI.SOROKHAIBAM1@GMAIL.COM

** PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW. MANIPUR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR, INDIA EMAIL: DRJAMES835@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – SOROKHAIBAM SATYAJYOTI SINGH & DR. S. JAMES, ENHANCING CRIMINAL JUSTICE THROUGH FORENSIC SCIENCE WITH REFERENCE TO THE NORTHEAST STATE OF MANIPUR, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 500-506, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This study investigates the role of forensic science in enhancing the criminal justice system in the northeastern state of Manipur. By examining the implementation of various forensic techniques including DNA analysis, ballistics, and digital evidence recovery, and the research highlights their effectiveness in solving crimes and improving the accuracy of investigations. Through an analysis of recent case studies from Manipur, the paper illustrates how these scientific methods have led to significant breakthroughs in criminal cases, resulting in increased conviction rates and greater public trust in law enforcement. Despite the promising impact of forensic science, the study also addresses key challenges, such as inadequate forensic infrastructure, lack of training for criminal investigators, and the need for stronger inter-agency collaboration. The findings underscore the necessity for strategic improvements in forensic capabilities, including investment in technology and ongoing professional development for law enforcement personnel. Ultimately, the paper advocates for a comprehensive approach to integrating forensic science into the criminal justice framework, aiming to foster a more transparent, effective, and just legal system in Manipur. Findings indicate that the integration of forensic science, including DNA profiling, digital forensics, and ballistic analysis, significantly aids in solving violent crimes and improving case resolution rates. Moreover, the study highlights the existing gaps in forensic infrastructure and expertise in Manipur, emphasizing the need for state investment in training and technology.

The implications of this research suggest that enhancing forensic capabilities not only strengthens law enforcement efficacy but also restores public confidence in the criminal justice system.

Keywords: Forensic Science, Criminal Justice, DNA Profiling, Digital Forensics, technology.

LEGAL ASPECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES

AUTHOR- MRS. PRIYANKA SINGH, LLM SCHOLAT AT BUSINESS LAW, CALCUTTA UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – MRS. PRIYANKA SINGH, LEGAL ASPECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIA AND OTHER COUNTRIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 492-497, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved over the past few decades from being a voluntary practice to a significant component of corporate governance, with businesses being increasingly expected to contribute positively to society beyond mere profit generation. CSR refers to the ethical obligations of businesses to engage in actions that benefit the broader society, such as environmental sustainability, human rights, employee welfare, community development, and poverty alleviation. The growing global concern over social, economic, and environmental issues has prompted governments and organizations to integrate CSR practices into legal frameworks.

India stands out as one of the few countries with a mandatory CSR framework, introduced through the Companies Act of 2013, which requires qualifying companies to allocate a portion of their profits to socially beneficial activities. This mandatory nature of CSR in India has sparked significant debate on its effectiveness in driving sustainable corporate practices. In contrast, most countries, including the United States, European Union member states, and several emerging economies, have adopted voluntary CSR guidelines, incentivizing businesses to contribute towards social good through non-binding frameworks or tax benefits.

This article explores the legal aspects of CSR, focusing on India’s pioneering mandatory CSR law while conducting a comparative analysis with other countries’ approaches. It examines the evolution of CSR laws, the challenges faced by businesses in adhering to these regulations, and the effectiveness of different legal frameworks in fostering corporate responsibility. By doing so, it seeks to shed light on the emerging role of CSR as an essential tool for achieving sustainable development goals across diverse regions.

Keywords- CSR Legal Framework, Corporate Governance, CSR and sustainable development, Global CSR Practices, CSR Regulation Comparison, Corporate responsibility in Global Context.