BALANCING AI INNOVATIONS WITH PRIVACY LAWS (IN LIGHT OF INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023)

AUTHOR – PARAS SHARMA* & BHAVYA SHARMA**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

** MENTOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – PARAS SHARMA & BHAVYA SHARMA, BALANCING AI INNOVATIONS WITH PRIVACY LAWS (IN LIGHT OF INDIA’S DPDP ACT, 2023), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1130-1142, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This article explores the balance between AI innovation and privacy protection in the digital era, focusing on India’s Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023. The Act represents a significant effort to regulate how personal data is collected, stored, and used, ensuring that individual rights are safeguarded. However, as AI technologies continue to evolve, new challenges emerge that the current framework does not fully address. This article reviews the key provisions of the DPDP Act, examines its practical implications for data fiduciaries and individuals, and highlights areas where further reforms are needed. The article provides clear recommendations for improving the legal framework so that it both promotes progress and protects fundamental privacy rights.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND IDENTITY THEFT: AN EMERGING GLOBAL PANDEMIC

AUTHOR – LUV KUMAR* & AKSHAY KUMAR**

* STUDENT AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, FACULTY OF UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY. EMAIL – SINGHSLUV689@GMAIL.COM

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, FACULTY OF UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY. EMAIL – AKSHAYKUMAR@UUMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – LUV KUMAR & AKSHAY KUMAR, SOCIAL MEDIA AND IDENTITY THEFT: AN EMERGING GLOBAL PANDEMIC, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1121-1129, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

“Identity theft represents a widespread issue that has garnered significant attention in both scholarly research and media coverage.  The implementation of neoliberal economic policies, coupled with the adaptation of technology that has become ubiquitous across various industries, is contributing to a significant and rapid transformation in individuals’ perspectives.  The value of information technology has exhibited a consistent upward trajectory, notwithstanding the variability in outcomes observed across different contexts.  The recent advancements and expansion of the nation’s information technology infrastructure have contributed to the increasing prevalence of identity theft.  Identity theft is characterised by its focus on personal information, which substantiates this assertion.  Social media identity theft occurs when an individual establishes a fraudulent social media profile under the name of another person, utilising their images and personal information without consent.  The nature of the conduct, whether executed humorously or with the intention to mislead, yields adverse implications for the individual responsible for the action.  This form of theft is perpetrated by con artists for a variety of reasons, which can be analysed to understand the underlying motivations and mechanisms involved in such fraudulent activities.  This study aims to investigate the various forms of identity theft that can occur in India, alongside an analysis of the current legislative framework designed to combat and prevent these criminal activities.”

Keywords: Identity Theft, Phishing, Hacking, Information Technology, Social Media

PATENT BARRIERS AND THE ACCESSIBILITY OF BIOSIMILARS: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE ON AFFORDABLE BIOLOGIC MEDICINES IN INDIA

AUTHOR – AKHILA ANAND, LLM (INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY & TRADE LAW) SCHOLAR AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE) UNIVERSITY BANGALORE

BEST CITATION – AKHILA ANAND, PATENT BARRIERS AND THE ACCESSIBILITY OF BIOSIMILARS: A HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE ON AFFORDABLE BIOLOGIC MEDICINES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1109-1120, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

The accessibility of biosimilars presents a critical challenge in the global healthcare landscape, particularly in developing economies such as India, where affordability and equitable access to life-saving biologic medicines remain significant concerns. The author of this paper examines the patent barriers impeding the widespread availability of biosimilars and explore the human rights implications of limited access to these essential drugs. Biologics, which play a crucial role in the treatment of cancer, autoimmune disorders, and other chronic diseases, are often subject to complex and expensive manufacturing processes, leading to high costs and restricted availability. Biosimilars, approved based on demonstrated similarity in quality, safety, and efficacy to reference biologics, offer a viable alternative. However, the regulatory and patent landscapes continue to pose formidable obstacles to adoption.

This study investigates how patent thickets, extended exclusivity periods, and strategic litigation by originator companies delay the market entry of biosimilars, thereby affecting accessibility and affordability. A comparative analysis of biosimilar patent assertions in India and other jurisdictions reveals that while some countries have established streamlined approval pathways, significant legal and regulatory gaps persist. The paper argues that the current intellectual property regime disproportionately favors innovator companies at the cost of public health, necessitating reforms that balance innovation incentives with broader access to critical medicines.

A significant gap exists in reconciling intellectual property rights with the fundamental right to health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper contributes to the ongoing discourse by proposing legal and policy recommendations to overcome patent-related hurdles and promote the ethical imperative of equitable healthcare access. The study seeks to bridge the gap between biopharmaceutical innovation and the right to affordable treatment by advocating for regulatory clarity, competitive pricing mechanisms, and strengthened global cooperation.

Keywords: Biopharmaceuticals, Biosimilars, Patent law, Human rights, Regulatory framework

A STUDY ON ROLE OF LEGISLATURE AND JUDICIARY FOR GROWTH OF E- COMMERCE IN INDIA

AUTHOR – ISHIKA GOEL, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – ISHIKA GOEL, A STUDY ON ROLE OF LEGISLATURE AND JUDICIARY FOR GROWTH OF E- COMMERCE IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1105-1108, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

OVERVIEW

In the era of digitalization, e-commerce has emerged as a dominant force reshaping the traditional modes of business transactions. This research paper explores the pivotal role played by the Legislature and Judiciary in fostering the growth of e-commerce in India. The study delves into various legislative frameworks including the Information Technology Act, 2000, Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020, and other relevant laws that regulate digital transactions and ensure consumer protection. Additionally, the research highlights landmark judicial decisions that have contributed to shaping the legal contours of e-commerce, ensuring accountability, data protection, and fair-trade practices. The paper also analyses the challenges posed by the rapid evolution of technology and the need for adaptive legal mechanisms. By evaluating the synergy between legislative enactments and judicial pronouncements, the study underscores the importance of a robust legal ecosystem to support the sustainable growth of e-commerce in India.

COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME AND TAX LIABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN INDIA

AUTHOR – JAYESH MITTAL, LLM SCHOLAT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – JAYESH MITTAL, COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME AND TAX LIABILITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1095-1104, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The Indian taxation system, governed by the Income Tax Act, 1961, aims to collect taxes from individuals, businesses, and corporations to fund government expenditures. The computation of an individual’s total income and tax liability is a multi-step process that involves determining different sources of income, applying exemptions, and calculating deductions. With the introduction of the new tax regime and several amendments over the years, understanding how to accurately compute tax liabilities has become crucial. This paper delves into the various aspects of income computation for individuals, explores the available deductions and exemptions, and explains the tax liability calculation process, thus providing a comprehensive overview for taxpayers in India.

BAIL AND RIGHTS DURING TRIAL UNDER GENERAL AND SPECIAL LAWS

AUTHOR – MUSHIRALI HAMIDALI SAIYED* & MOHIT MATHUR**

* STUDENT AT UNITEDWORLD SCHOOL OF LAW, KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY

** ASST. PROFESSOR OF LAW, UNITEDWORLD SCHOOL OF LAW, KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – MUSHIRALI HAMIDALI SAIYED & MOHIT MATHUR, BAIL AND RIGHTS DURING TRIAL UNDER GENERAL AND SPECIAL LAWS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1082-1094, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This chapter examines the rights of the accused in India with a focus on bail and trial protections under general and special laws. It highlights key constitutional guarantees such as the presumption of innocence, right to counsel, and protection against self-incrimination. Special laws like the POCSO Act and NDPS Act, however, impose stricter bail norms and reverse the burden of proof, often leading to prolonged pre-trial detention. Through analysis of statutory provisions and judicial interpretations, the chapter underscores the tension between safeguarding public interest and upholding individual liberty, emphasizing the need for balanced, rights-based legal processes

“SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN INDIAN WORKPLACES: A CRITICAL LEGAL AND POLICY ANALYSIS WITH GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES”

AUTHOR – DAMINI SHARMA* & DR. AMIT DHALL**

* LLM SCHOLAR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – DAMINI SHARMA & DR. AMIT DHALL, “SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN INDIAN WORKPLACES: A CRITICAL LEGAL AND POLICY ANALYSIS WITH GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1068-1081, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

Substance abuse in the workplace poses significant threats to employee health, organizational productivity, and overall workplace safety. In India, the issue is addressed through a fragmented and indirect legal framework, with no single comprehensive law dedicated to managing substance use in occupational settings. This research paper critically examines the existing Indian legal provisions—including the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985; the Factories Act, 1948; the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946; and other sectoral laws—to evaluate their effectiveness in addressing substance abuse in workplaces. Drawing comparisons with international best practices from countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Scandinavian nations, the study identifies key gaps in India’s current approach, such as the lack of preventive mechanisms, insufficient rehabilitation support, and legal ambiguities regarding privacy and employer obligations. Through detailed case studies and empirical evidence, the paper highlights the disparities between corporate and small-to-medium enterprises in policy adoption and enforcement. The analysis culminates in actionable recommendations including the need for a dedicated workplace substance abuse law, integration of Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs), training and awareness initiatives, and public-private partnerships. By proposing a roadmap that blends global best practices with India’s socio-legal context, the paper advocates for a holistic, inclusive, and rights-based strategy to create safer and healthier work environments across all sectors.

GREEN LOANS BY BANKS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

AUTHOR: R. MADHUMITHA* & DR. S. MARUTHAVIJAYAN**

* STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY. EMAIL – MADHU2005RM@GMAIL.COM

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY. EMAIL: MARUDHU.LAWYER@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – R. MADHUMITHA* & DR. S. MARUTHAVIJAYAN, GREEN LOANS BY BANKS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1059-1067, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

In India, Green loans, are one of the type of financing that supports environmentally friendly projects. And nowadays it’s gained attention among people in recent years. Green loans, also known as sustainable or environmentally friendly loans, are financial products offered by banks that support projects aimed at improving environmental sustainability. They are providing green loans to individuals, businesses, and governments. This research paper explores the concept of green loans, their benefits, and the challenges faced by banks and borrowers in the green loan market. The paper also discusses some of the initiatives taken by India and other countries and potential solutions to address these challenges, such as developing standardized frameworks, providing incentives, and enhancing risk management practices.

Keywords: green loans, sustainable finance, environmental protection, banking, challenges.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDIATION IN RESOLVING CORPORATE DISPUTES

AUTHORS – MUSKAAN HOSSAIN* & ADVOCATE PRITHWISH GANGULI**

* STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW, BRAINWARE UNIVERSITY, WEST BENGAL, KOLKATA.

EMAIL:MUSKAANHOSSAIN147@GAMIL.COM

**PH.D. SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW, MANIPUR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR, INDIA. EMAIL: PRITHWISHGANGULI@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – MUSKAAN HOSSAIN & PRITHWISH GANGULI, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDIATION IN RESOLVING CORPORATE DISPUTES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1053-1058, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract:

In Business world the corporate disputes are very common and it can be arising to issue like contract breaches, partnership disagreement or competition disputes. In Olden days the businesses depend on litigation to settling their disputes because the court cases are a very expensive, time consuming and it also get harming the business relationships.

Mediation really dates back thousands of years and is one of the oldest methods for resolving conflict. Across different cultures, mediation is a great way to bring people together peacefully so they don’t have to resort to fights, violence or months of court proceedings. It’s quite timeless how the same themes resonate. It is referring to a different way of settling the disputes without going to a court.

This research aims to explore how mediation works well to resolve important business disagreements. Mediation is important because it is a cost- effective, faster than litigation, confidential and help to maintain the business relationship. Unlike court judgments, mediation allows companies to work out and get what is really convenient and one of the best creative ways to solve their problems, and it also brings less stress compared to litigation. Mediation is thus a practical choice for companies because the process stresses less.

However, the mediation has some of limitations. Both parties must have to agree participating in the voluntarily and the mediator is only to assist the parties and don’t have to be decide who is right or also they do not have any authority to impose a decision. If mediation doesn’t work mediation, simply turns into a court case and that usually ends up costing more and taking longer.

Mediation has been gained so much popular in india because it settling disputes quickly, and it maintain positive working in the working relationships. In the case of a technology company disputes over intellectual property rights and it showing that how the mediation helped both the parties to reach a legal agreement without going to legal battle.

This is highlighted that the mediation is very effectively in protecting the individual business interest while avoided the court related issues.

Key words: Corporate disputes, Mediation, Alternative Dispute Resolution, Negotiation, Legal Enforceability.

MINORITY RIGHTS IN INDIA : A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

AUTHORS – AKANSHA DIXIT* & ABHISHEKH MISHRA**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW. EMAIL – AKANSHDIXIT2111@GMAIL.COM

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY,LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – AKANSHA DIXIT & ABHISHEKH MISHRA, MINORITY RIGHTS IN INDIA : A CRITICAL ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 1047-1052, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

Upliftment of minorities is an important concern in Indian society and for this concern cultural and educational rights provided in the Indian constitution acts as a virile tool for their growth and development, culture plays a key role for the palatable development of children belonging to community of minorities hence reason stands valid and important for the preservation of culture, script and language.Education holds the same firm stand as that of culture, education is also very important because progress and positive transformation of the society is not possible without education.The issue or problem for minorities is not of recent origin seeds have been sown by Britishers with the concept of divide and rule policy. Partition of country on the basis of religion and declaration of Islamic state were the outcome of long treacherous British rule. Country witnessed one of the greatest forced migrations in human history loot; genocide, plunder, untold suffering of women and a huge amount of destruction of the opposite community during partition are the scars on the body politics of Indian at the dawn of independence.After this mass destruction a separate Muslim state was formed but a considerable number of Muslim remained in India other communities likewise Anglo Indian, Indian Christians, Europeans, etc. opted India as their home land, people vested with the task of framing Indian constitution were aware of the fact that assurance of liberty of thoughts, belief, faith and worship has to be provided to religious minorities.