SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION WITH HUMAN RIGHTS AND ITS AGENDA 2030

AUTHOR – ISHIKA KHURANA* & MR. MANISH BHARADWAJ**

* STUDENT, IXTH SEMESTER, LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN, 248007, INDIA, EMAIL: ISHIKAKHURANA23@GMAIL.COM

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN, 248007, INDIA

BEST CITATION – ISHIKA KHURANA & MR. MANISH BHARADWAJ, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION WITH HUMAN RIGHTS AND ITS AGENDA 2030, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 76-84, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Human rights are fundamental to all three of sustainable development’s dimensions—social, environmental, and economic—and are necessary to achieve development that leaves no one behind. This research paper provides an in-depth analysis of the interconnectedness between human rights and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It emphasizes the role that human rights play in achieving the three pillars of sustainable development—social, environmental, and economic—and their centrality in the overarching goal of “leaving no one behind.” The paper illustrates how the 169 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are deeply aligned with international human rights norms, with over 90% of the SDG targets being in harmony with fundamental labour and human rights principles. A key argument in the paper is that the SDG framework and human rights principles reinforce each other, especially with regard to equality, non-discrimination, and the inclusion of marginalized groups. The paper highlights the explicit connections between specific SDG targets and key human rights provisions, underscoring the role of human rights frameworks in shaping the achievement of the SDGs. The paper also stresses the importance of accountability in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, particularly through Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs). It advocates for integrating human rights reporting into the VNR process and provides guidance on how states can reuse their existing human rights reports to meet the SDG monitoring requirements. This approach is particularly relevant for ensuring transparent, participatory, and inclusive processes in the monitoring and reporting of progress towards the SDGs. Disaggregated data is presented as a critical tool for understanding the specific challenges faced by excluded and vulnerable groups. The research advocates for a human rights-based approach to the 2030 Agenda, which requires addressing the needs of those most behind and ensuring that data collection and analysis reflect the realities of marginalized communities. Finally, the paper highlights the role of the United Nations (UN) system, especially the Human Rights Council (HRC), UNDP, OHCHR, and UN Country Teams, in supporting the integration of human rights into the implementation of the SDGs. The paper concludes by urging the institutionalization of human rights- based approaches within the UN’s development activities, emphasizing that the achievement of the SDGs depends on robust, rights-oriented governance and accountability mechanisms .In essence, this research paper provides a comprehensive framework for integrating human rights into the implementation and monitoring of the 2030 Agenda, calling for greater collaboration among governments, international institutions, and the private sector to ensure that no one is left behind in the pursuit of sustainable development.

Keywords: Human Rights, Agenda 2030, SDG Targets, Human Rights Council, Voluntary National Review

ARBITRATION LAWS IN INDIA, UK AND USA: A COMPARITIVE STUDY

AUTHOR – UDIT CHAUDHARY* & NIKUNJ YADAV**

* STUDENT, XTH SEMESTER, LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN, 248007, INDIA, EMAIL:UDITCHAUDHARY9897@GMAIL.COM

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN, 248007, INDIA, EMAIL: NIKUNJYADAV83@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – UDIT CHAUDHARY & NIKUNJ YADAV, ARBITRATION LAWS IN INDIA, UK AND USA: A COMPARITIVE STUDY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 85-93, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Arbitration evolved in response to the requirement of disposing of disputes with a speedy and specialist approach, in lieu of litigation. Significance of the mechanism, as an alternative way to resolve commercial conflicts, has increased tremendously over the last decades, especially within the international context. But the efficacy of any arbitration process runs to the core of the national law of arbitration (substantive law) that prescribes the scope of powers exercisable by the arbitrator and finally decides on the enforcement of the award. While there are international norms which have urged some uniformity, in the domestic laws on arbitration, most world nations have enacted laws in the form appropriate to their national needs. Therefore, the fate of international arbitrators remains subject to the sound selection of national laws by parties. It is at this stage that it will not be a wrong exercise to carry out comparative analysis on arbitration laws as existing in India, USA and UK. Arbitration is a central dispute resolution mechanism outside the conventional judiciary, providing parties with a quicker and more discreet option.

Arbitration is a technique for conflict resolution not involving the court. This research targets the examination and comparison of India’s arbitration law, that of the UK, the US, and the UNCITRAL Model Law. The study will explore the evolution of arbitration legislation in India with specific reference to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.The comparative study will address issues such as the enforcement of Unilateral Arbitration contracts, legislation on arbitration such as amendments, arbitrability of disputes non-arbitrable issues and significant legal decisions impacting the law. Additionally, it will evaluate the efficiency of the Model Law that gives guidance to nations that are establishing their own arbitration laws. This research will seek to provide an insight into arbitration laws in these countries.In addition, the study investigates how international arbitrations are governed by looking at how local laws correlate with agreements and best practices. It also investigates issues concerning arbitrability in areas and recent trends, in those regions. Through the analysis of these factors, the study seeks to unveil commonalities, differences and emerging patterns, in arbitration rules, among countries. The overarching goal of this study is to provide an insight into the arbitration laws, in these regions evaluate the pros and cons of each country’s system and share perspectives for policymakers, businesspeople, specialists and those who deal in trade and conflict resolution. The study aims to serve as a guide for all those who are involved in resolving conflicts using arbitration providing a template, for designing arbitration frameworks in different regions.Keywords: Arbitration, Disputes ,Jurisdiction,Awards, Separability, Judicial Intervention.

A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SURROGACY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND INDIAN LAW

AUTHORS – VARSHA D. VYAS*, DR. MANDEEP KAUR** & DR. ARSHIPAL KAUR***

* RESEARCH SCHOLAR AT LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF LAW

** ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF LAW

*** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT DEPARTMENT OF LAWS, GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – VARSHA D. VYAS, DR. MANDEEP KAUR & DR. ARSHIPAL KAUR, A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SURROGACY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND INDIAN LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 1145-1148, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Surrogacy, as a form of assisted reproductive technology (ART), has raised profound ethical, social, and legal debates across the world. While it provides a path to parenthood for individuals and couples unable to conceive, it also presents challenges regarding the rights and responsibilities of the intended parents, the surrogate mother, and the child. This paper provides a legal analysis of surrogacy with a comparative lens, examining the framework in India alongside major international jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia. It evaluates the evolution of surrogacy regulation, the balance between reproductive autonomy and exploitation concerns, and the need for harmonized global standards. The study concludes with recommendations for ethical and legally sound policy reforms that protect all stakeholders while ensuring the dignity of motherhood and the best interests of the child.

Keywords – Surrogacy; Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART); Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021; Comparative Law; Reproductive Rights; Altruistic Surrogacy; Commercial Surrogacy; Ethical Issues; Parental Rights; Human Rights; International Law; India; United Kingdom; United States; Australia

EVOLVING LAW WITH REGARD TO AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION, AS ENSHRINED IN ARTICLE 368 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

AUTHOR – AKSHAT SINHA, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – AKSHAT SINHA, EVOLVING LAW WITH REGARD TO AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION, AS ENSHRINED IN ARTICLE 368 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 01-06, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This study takes a fresh look at Article 368 of the Constitution of India, focusing on how its meaning has shifted over time. Judges’ rulings and lawmakers’ moves have, in most cases, wedded together in ways that both expand and tighten its reach—sometimes one, sometimes the other. A closer look at old court decisions, legislative records, and even academic critiques is needed to put together the messy, ever-changing picture of how constitutional amendments are handled in India.

TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT AND THE ONLINE ENVIRONMENT: CHALLENGES AND LEGAL REMEDIES

AUTHOR – SIDDHANT VERMA & DR. VIKRAM KARUNA

POST GRADUATION RESEARCH SCHOLARS AT SCHOOL OF LAW, JUSTICE AND GOVERNANCE GAUTAM BUDDHA UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – SIDDHANT VERMA & DR. VIKRAM KARUNA, TRADEMARK INFRINGEMENT AND THE ONLINE ENVIRONMENT: CHALLENGES AND LEGAL REMEDIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 61-75, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

As new and challenging questions of trademark infringement in the online environment arise, as the world of the internet, e-commerce, social platforms and digital advertising, continue to develop and expand, there are various avenues by which trademark owners may enforce their rights against online infringers in the UK. With traditional legal doctrines struggling to adapt to technological advancements, infringers are emboldened by the anonymity and international accessibility of the internet, allowing continued violations of intellectual property rights without repercussion. Abstract: This paper discusses the different dimensions of online trademark infringement, focusing on unauthorized use of marks, domain squatting, comparative advertising, and other intermediaries. This study by critically examining statutory frameworks, case law, and regulatory responses across multiple jurisdictions, namely the United States, European Union, and India, elucidates as to where gaps in contemporary enforcement frameworks and jurisdictional ambiguities undermine effective redress. The focus is particularly on the obligations of online marketplaces and on the procedural complexites of bringing claims cross-border. The paper discusses some application of relevant comparative law techniques as well as recent case law developments with implications for some civil law jurisdictions, and proposes multiple policy recommendations aimed at improving domestic trademark protection, enhancing cooperation through national and international resources and leveraging new technologies, such as AI, to detect violations. The bottom line, the study writes, is that a balanced approach — one that achieves some manner of protection for brand identity without stifling online innovation — is critical to ensuring legal clarity and commercial fairness in the digital age.

Keywords— Trademark infringement, online environment, cybersquatting, intermediary liability, legal remedies, digital commerce, cross-border enforcement.

ROLE OF OFFICIAL LIQUIDATOR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPANIES ACT 1956 V 2013

AUTHOR – APURBA BEHERA & SATH PATHY GAYATREE GEETASWAROOP

STUDENTS AT BIRLA GLOBAL UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – APURBA BEHERA & SATH PATHY GAYATREE GEETASWAROOP, ROLE OF OFFICIAL LIQUIDATOR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPANIES ACT 1956 V 2013, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 54-61, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

A company can’t be formed without public demand, employees, board of directors and various other factors, similarly without a liquidator a company will not going to wind up. A liquidator is the one who conducts the all the process of liquidation. It is performed in a situation where the company is about to wind-up and then the process of realisation of assets of the company and it should be distributed among debenture-holders, creditors and shareholders of the company. A person is being appointed to take all those necessary steps which are being taken to wind-up the company. This person is known to be the liquidator under the company. The study of the evolution and current role of Official Liquidators is thus more than a technical comparison of legislative provisions; it also reflects the Indian legal system’s transition from a slow, court-dependent insolvency procedure to a nimbler, market-driven insolvency regime. This study intends to critically examine how much the amendments under the Companies Act of 2013 have succeeded in overcoming the flaws of the 1956 Act, as well as whether the position of Official Liquidators remains relevant or needs to be completely overhauled in light of the International Business Code.

A STUDY ON GAMING ADDICTION IN YOUNGSTERS (TAMIL NADU)

 AUTHOR – S.KOGULA SWATHI, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES (SIMATS)

BEST CITATION – S.KOGULA SWATHI, A STUDY ON GAMING ADDICTION IN YOUNGSTERS (TAMIL NADU), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 37-53, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT :

Online games are a highly popular entertainment in modern societies. They refer to games that are played over a computer network or mobile network. They are different from video games and computer games that do not use the internet and do not have interpersonal communication. The objective of this paper was to find why they are addicted to online gaming and how it affects society. The research method followed is descriptive research and the sample size is 200. Convenience sampling method is adopted in the study to collect the data. The samples were collected from friends and relatives. All data was analysed by computer using IBM Statistics SPSS, Version 23 package. The independent variables are age group, gender, marital status. The dependent variables are types of online gamers, favourite mode in online games, level of spending time for online games per day, changes of  characteristics of playing online games, rating of  with whom they mostly play online games.

Keywords:  Online gaming, Society, internet, Communication, Entertainment.

A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENHANCING RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES

AUTHOR – R.RITHIK RAJAN* & T .SANTHOSH**

* STUDENTS AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES (SIMATS), CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – R.RITHIK RAJAN & T .SANTHOSH, A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ENHANCING RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 07-36, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

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ABSTRACT:

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in financial risk management has significantly transformed the asset management sector by enhancing risk assessment and mitigation strategies. Traditional risk management practices predominantly relied on manual analysis, statistical models, and historical data to forecast financial risks. However, these conventional approaches often failed to capture the complexities of rapidly changing market conditions and emerging financial threats. The objective of the research is to examine the effectiveness of AI-driven risk mitigation strategies in asset management companies. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-driven risk mitigation strategies in asset management companies. It seeks to explore how AI improves fraud detection, enhances compliance monitoring, and strengthens risk prediction capabilities. This paper followed an empirical method of research. The data is collected through a questionnaire with a set of questions, and the sample size is 216. This study used a Convenience sampling method to collect the data. The samples were collected from the general public in reference to the Tiruvallur region. The independent variables are Gender, Age, Educational Qualifications, Occupation, and Marital Status. The dependent variables include the effectiveness of AI in risk mitigation, improvement in fraud detection, accuracy of market trend predictions, and compliance monitoring efficiency. The research suggests that financial institutions should enhance transparency in AI applications and implement ethical safeguards to build public trust.

KEYWORDS: Artificial Intelligence, Risk Management, Fraud Detection, Predictive Analytics, Cybersecurity.

A STUDY ON POLICE BRUTALITY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PERMANENT INDEPENDENT PCA BOARD IN EVERY STATE

AUTHOR – S.R.SAI VISHAL, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCE (SIMATS), CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – S.R.SAI VISHAL, A STUDY ON POLICE BRUTALITY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PERMANENT INDEPENDENT PCA BOARD IN EVERY STATE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 1108-1119, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT:

In this research we are going to see on the topic of police brutality in india,it not only tells what is police brutality but also tells about why its happening and its effects on people in india.The utilization of excessive power by the police might be named as police ruthlessness or police brutality. Although an exact definition of this atrocious act is yet to be given. The phenomenon of police brutality has existed since the commencement of power to executive officials in India, and with the outbreak of Covid-19, there has been a lofty ascent in such instances of police fierceness. So it turns out to be important to investigate the laws and resolutions that administer the police and why the judiciary has ended up being incapable of curbing this unlawful policing culture. This research mainly focuses on the laws and precedents related to police brutality and some of the instance of police brutality which still remains unsolved or unresolved. There are some of the provisions related to police and the reason why the judiciary proved to be ineffective to the common man in providing justice. With the help of this research we have discovered that the Indian laws and statutes governing the police provide sovereign immunity to them which narrows the scope of the victims in getting justice. Even the judgments by the courts only provided pecuniary damages to the victims not only in cases of public liability but even in criminal acts done by the police. This situation of scant police accountability can be tackled if the lower courts are given jurisdiction to try the police brutality cases apart from the Supreme Court and High Courts. Separate acts or provisions should be framed defining the extent and liability of the criminal acts by the police. So that an unerring rule of law can be established.Due to this police brutality many of the common people who live below the poverty line are sffected maximally due to this act by the police,many of the poeple are complaining on harassment, torture,beatingsand some even told that many of them have died in the custody during their arrest.By this research we can find some solutions and lawfull provisions relating to prevention or liablity for police brutality in india.

KEYWORDS: brutality,constitution,government officials,discrimination,violence.

MEDIATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM IN INDIAN INSOLVENCY LAW: FRAMEWORKS, CHALLENGES, AND REGULATORY OVERSIGHT

AUTHORS – ARJUN GAIND* & DR. MEENU SHARMA**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL NOIDA

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL NOIDA

BEST CITATION – ARJUN GAIND & DR. MEENU SHARMA, MEDIATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM IN INDIAN INSOLVENCY LAW: FRAMEWORKS, CHALLENGES, AND REGULATORY OVERSIGHT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 1035-1048, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This paper examines the integration of mediation within India’s insolvency framework under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. Doing so analysing institutional models—court-annexed, specialized centres, and hybrid approaches—alongside mediator qualifications, training, and certification. Further the paper highlights the role of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India in regulating and standardizing insolvency mediation for effective dispute resolution