LACK OF QUALITY EDUCATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN STATE OF JHARKHAND

AUTHOR – KHYATI SINGH, LL.B. (UNIVERSITY OF DELHI), LL.M. (NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FOR STUDY AND RESEARCH IN LAW, RANCHI)

BEST CITATION – KHYATI SINGH, LACK OF QUALITY EDUCATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN STATE OF JHARKHAND, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 240-255, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Chapter-1

INTRODUCTION

Established in 2000, Jharkhand is a state in eastern India that emerged from Bihar with the promise of empowerment and prosperity. Jharkhand has enormous economic potential and is abundant in natural resources, including as coal, iron ore, and mineral richness. Nevertheless, in spite of these benefits, it faces significant socioeconomic difficulties, namely high unemployment rates, especially among its young people. Lack of high-quality education is a major contributing element to this situation, which has significant effects on skill development and employability.

A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF TRIBALS IN PRESERVING THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA

AUTHOR – SWETA S R, LL.M.(COM), CMR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LEGAL STUDIES.

BEST CITATION – SWETA S R, A STUDY ON THE ROLE OF TRIBALS IN PRESERVING THE BIODIVERSITY OF INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 230-239, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The management of natural resources in a sustainable development has become an important part for life survival on earth. Due to the ecological degradation and the loss in biodiversity there is a serious impact on our Nature. The environment is being supported by human survival in turn which conserves nature. Tribal groups who live in harmony with various elements of nature by the use of a range of traditional practices which involve culture, rituals, religious belief, customs, tradition and their heritage preserve biodiversity. Biodiversity is composed of various life forms such as plants that serve as an edible food in the form of roots, seeds, fruits, agricultural and horticulture plants. Some of the indigenous people preserve the resources by incorporating the traditional practices to increase the restoration of the environment. This paper will discuss the significant role played by the tribals in preserving biodiversity in India. This paper will show the importance of the tribals in preserving the plants as a matter of religious belief that they are the habitat of god and goddesses. It will describe the various traditional practices by tribes located in several parts of India and highlight on the cultural beliefs and practices of the indigenous people as part of heritage wherein it preserves biodiversity in a manner of environmental management and sustainable development.

Keywords: Tribals, Biodiversity, Culture, Traditional Practice, Nature

THE DOUBLE EDGED SWORD OF LEGAL INTERNSHIP

AUTHOR – NIVEDITA SHARMA & HARSHITA BHARGAVA, STUDENTS AT NARSEE MONJEE INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES INDORE

BEST CITATION – NIVEDITA SHARMA & HARSHITA BHARGAVA, THE DOUBLE EDGED SWORD OF LEGAL INTERNSHIP, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 218-229, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

INTRODUCTION

Legal internships offer a complicated web of opportunities and difficulties that are sometimes referred to as a “double-edged sword.” On the one hand, these internships provide priceless experiences that can greatly expand an intern’s comprehension of the legal field. They also present networking and practical skill possibilities that are critical for career progression. They provide an essential link between professional activity and academic education, enabling interns to put their theoretical knowledge to use in practical situations.

However, these expectations are usually not met by the realities of legal internships. Numerous interns work in settings characterized by intense rivalry, little mentorship, and occasionally abusive circumstances. The discrepancy between interns’ expectations and experiences might cause disillusionment, which can affect their motivation and job satisfaction in the legal industry. The systemic problems, such as those involving equity and exploitation, that are inherent in the design of legal internships are called into question by this phenomenon.

Examining internships’ dual nature—recognizing their ability to both promote professional progress and perpetuate inequities—becomes essential as the legal profession struggles with these issues. The revolving dichotomy is how the workings of legal internships can both empower and disenfranchise future attorneys.

ROLE OF FAMILY COURTS IN HINDU MARRAIGES

AUTHOR – DIVYANSHU KRISHNA, STUDENT AT BABU BANARASI DAS UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – DIVYANSHU KRISHNA, ROLE OF FAMILY COURTS IN HINDU MARRAIGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 202-217, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Chapter 1: Introduction

Background and Significance of the Study

Family is the fundamental unit of society , and the institution of marriage serves as its cornerstone , especially within the hindu community where marriage is traditionally considered a scarcement (samskara) rather than contract . However , the increasing complexity of modern relationships , urbanization, and individual autonomy have led to a rising number of matrimonial disputes, including issues related to divorce, maintenance , custody, and domestic violence .

To address such sensitive matters with a conciliatory approach, the Family Courts Act 1984 was enacted to establish a special forum for resolving family and matrimonial disputes in a humane, non- adversarial and expeditious manner. These courts aim not only to adjudicate but also to reconcile parties , wherever possible , before the breakdown of marriage becomes irreparable .

In Hindu Law, where traditional customs intersect statutory provisions under The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 the role of family courts becomes more critical. This study explores the effectiveness and significance of family courts in maintaining the sanctity of Hindu marriage while balancing individual rights and legal remedie.

JURISPRUDENTIAL ANALYSIS OF INTERSECTION AND USAGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION MECHANISM

AUTHORS – VANSHIKA SHARMA* & MANYA MODI*

* STUDENTS AT VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES

BEST CITATION – VANSHIKA SHARMA & MANYA MODI, JURISPRUDENTIAL ANALYSIS OF INTERSECTION AND USAGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION MECHANISM, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 192-201, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This research paper explores the increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in criminal investigation mechanisms, with a particular focus on India while also drawing comparative insights from other countries like the UK, USA, and China. Using both quantitative and qualitative surveys and open-ended questions, the study gathers opinions from law students, legal professionals, and technical experts to capture diverse perspectives on the subject. The findings show that while many people trust AI’s ability to support crime detection, there are serious concerns about privacy, fairness, and bias. Case studies like that of USA, UK and China show how AI is already helping to solve crimes and manage legal work. However, the study also highlights the need for strong human oversight, strict regulations, and better public awareness. A theoretical framework is also developed within the study, outlining the evolution of AI in criminal investigations, mapping current global trends, analysing the associated ethical and technical challenges, and proposing potential solutions to address them. The paper concludes that while AI offers considerable promise in transforming legal systems and investigative methodologies, its implementation must be approached with caution, transparency, and a firm commitment to upholding fundamental rights and legal integrity.

Jurisprudential Analysis of intersection and usage of Artificial Intelligence in criminal investigation mechanism

CASE STUDY OF BACHAN SINGH VERSUS STATE OF PUNJAB

AUTHOR – PRIYANSHI MISHRA, STUDENT AT CMR UNVIERSITY

BEST CITATION – PRIYANSHI MISHRA, CASE STUDY OF BACHAN SINGH VERSUS STATE OF PUNJAB, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 189-191, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

CASE STUDY CITATIONS – 9 MAY,(1980)(AIR 1980 SC 898,1980 CriLJ 636,1982(1)SCALE 713,(1980)2SCC 684, 1983 1 SCR 145

Bench:Y Chandrachud,A Gupta,N Untwalia,P Bhagwati,R Sarkaria

Facts of the case– The appellant, Bachan Singh, was convicted of killing his wife and given a life sentence. After serving his prison sentence (i.e., after his release), he moved in with his cousin Hukam Singh and his family, but Hukam Singh’s wife and son objected to the appellant remaining there. A few days before to this occurrence, Vidya Bai saw the appellant hit her sister, Beeran Bai, in the face with an axe while she was startled by an alarm in the middle of the night. Vidya Bai was attacked in the face and ear with an axe as she attempted to stop the appellant, suffering severe injuries that caused her to fall unconscious. Diwan singh, a nearby sleeper, was alerted by the scream.

BLACK BOX, RED FLAGS: NAVIGATING LEGAL FAULT LINES IN THE AGE OF AI AND CYBERSECURITY

AUTHOR – VIKAS KABEER, LLM SCHOLAR AT MVN UNIVERSITY, PALWAL

BEST CITATION – VIKAS KABEER, BLACK BOX, RED FLAGS: NAVIGATING LEGAL FAULT LINES IN THE AGE OF AI AND CYBERSECURITY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 184-188, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity systems is a revolutionary advantage in the areas of threat detection, fraud prevention, and response to a given incident. Nonetheless, it has also brought with it dicey ethical and legal issues. Malicious individuals grow to use AI to carry out complex cyberattacks, including deep fake frauds, machine-code malware, and data poisoning attacks, bringing new liability, privacy, governance, and jurisdiction concerns. This article describes the legal risks of AI-based cybersecurity threats and discusses the emergent changes in regulations in different major jurisdictions, such as the European Union, the United States, and India. It discusses key legal frameworks including EU Artificial Intelligence Act, NIS2 Directive, DPDP Act of India or U.S Executive Orders of AI. Internal governance processes that an agency should implement, as detailed in the article, are the board level oversights, adversarial testing, and incident reporting ones. Lastly, it pinpoints the need to address the emerging legal confusion like autonomous offensive AI and quantum-enabled cryptanalysis. The article gives practical suggestions to the legal practitioners, policy- makers, and business executives involved in a cross-sectoral and comparative approach to the problem of AI and its laws of cybersecurity.

Keywords: Cybersecurity, AI Regulation, Legal Liability, Offensive AI, Quantum Security

DIGITAL BAILMENT

AUTHOR – VIJAY PUJAR, STUDENT AT NATIONAL LAW SCHOOL OF INDIA UNIVERSITY BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – VIJAY PUJAR, DIGITAL BAILMENT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 177-183, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract:

This research paper explores the concept of digital bailment, an evolving legal framework situated at the intersection of traditional bailment principles and modern digital realities. While bailment traditionally applies to tangible assets, this paper however investigates the legal viability of extending bailment doctrines to intangible assets such as electronic data. It critically analyzes key U.S. court decisions like Richardson v. DSW, Sony Gaming Networks and Target, where bailment claims over data breaches were rejected, and draws parallels with Indian jurisprudence, particularly the Supreme Court’s ruling in Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India regarding Aadhaar data retention. The paper further evaluates the duty of care expected from cloud storage providers and also critiques the proposition that such services fall within the scope of traditional bailment. It compares cloud storage with safe deposit boxes, highlighting distinctions in possession and control. The paper also engages with Shane Gallant’s “Adhesion Bailment Doctrine” in the Internet of Things (IoT) context, proposing a theoretical safeguard against state surveillance. In conclusion, the paper advocates for legislative reform to incorporate digital bailments within the Indian legal system, thereby ensuring enhanced privacy and data protection in an increasingly digitized world.

“RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS: EVALUATING AUDIT COMMITTEES’ ROLE AND ARM’S LENGTH APPLICATION IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS”

AUTHOR – VIJAY PUJAR, STUDENT AT NATIONAL LAW SCHOOL OF INDIA UNIVERSITY BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – VIJAY PUJAR, “RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS: EVALUATING AUDIT COMMITTEES’ ROLE AND ARM’S LENGTH APPLICATION IN THE ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 170-176, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT:

This paper critically examines the legal framework surrounding Related Party Transactions (RPTs) in India, particularly focusing on the provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 Related Party Transactions (RPT) is defined as a ‘transaction which could be a business deal, a single or series of financial contracts, or an arrangement between two parties who are joined by a special relationship prior to the transaction would be a related party transaction’. The paper discusses the regulatory challenges posed by such transactions, highlighting their potential for exploitation and the risk they pose to minority shareholders. A key focus of this paper is on the role of audit committees, their legal mandate, and the practical challenges they face in overseeing RPTs, particularly when conflicts of interest arise due to the involvement of promoters or their families in the committee. In addition to this, the paper tries to address the ambiguity in defining “arm’s length transactions” and “ordinary course of business,” which creates loopholes that may lead to misuse. The paper also draws inference from a data driven study which highlighted the Audit risk attached to RPTs. By critically evaluating these provisions, the paper suggests reforms aimed at improving transparency, accountability, and corporate governance in India.

RELEVANCE OF EVIDENCE IN INDIA’S DIGITAL ERA: INNOVATIONS, LEGAL CHALLENGES, AND SDG ALIGNMENT

AUTHOR – ANJALI YADAV, STUDENT AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – ANJALI YADAV, RELEVANCE OF EVIDENCE IN INDIA’S DIGITAL ERA: INNOVATIONS, LEGAL CHALLENGES, AND SDG ALIGNMENT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 161-169, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

In an age where bytes often speak louder than witnesses, India’s courts find themselves at the crossroads of tradition and innovation. Digital footprints, from blockchain-etched timestamps to AI-decoded voiceprints, are increasingly the linchpin of legal narratives, yet they carry both the promise of crystalline transparency and the peril of algorithmic obfuscation. This paper embarks on a journey through India’s evolving evidence landscape, tracing the contours of recent statutory overhauls (the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023; Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023) and landmark judgments (from Anvar P.V. to Arjun Panditrao Khotkar) that oscillate between procedural rigor and pragmatic flexibility. We spotlight cutting-edge forensic infrastructure, from blockchain-backed chain‑of‑custody apps in Delhi to National Cyber Forensic Laboratories born of the Nirbhaya initiative, and interrogate how AI-driven analysis both accelerates investigations and raises new questions of bias and “black‑box” opacity. By weaving comparative threads from U.S. Daubert criteria to UK accreditation standards, and aligning our findings with Sustainable Development Goals, especially the quest for just, inclusive institutions (SDG 16) and resilient innovation ecosystems (SDG 9), we propose a roadmap for a “forensically enabled” justice system. Our recommendations blend legislative clarity, judicial tech‑literacy, and cross-border data pacts into a cohesive blueprint: one that ensures digital evidence illuminates truth rather than obscures it, safeguarding both the scale of technological progress and the sanctity of due process.