Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

CASE COMMENT: A.S. RAWAT V. DAWA TASHI – NON-CITIZENS AND THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION IN INDIA

AUTHORS – HARSHA VARDHAN .A, STUDENT AT VIT UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – HARSHA VARDHAN .A, CASE COMMENT: A.S. RAWAT V. DAWA TASHI – NON-CITIZENS AND THE RIGHT TO INFORMATION IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 274-278, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

I. Introduction

The Delhi High Court judgment in the case A.S. Rawat v. Dawa Tashi deals with an important question in Indian administrative law: Are non-citizens entitled to access information under the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005 (hereinafter the “RTI Act”)? This case comment attempts to trace the judicial journey on the issue and contemplate the dimensions that this verdict would have in India on transparency, constitutional law, and administrative functioning.

UNRULY PASSENGERS AND AIR RAGE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CHALLENGES IN INDIAN AVIATION

AUTHOR – SHAURYA MEHROTRA, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY) DELHI NCR, GHAZIABAD, UTTAR PRADESH

BEST CITATION – SHAURYA MEHROTRA, UNRULY PASSENGERS AND AIR RAGE: LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND CHALLENGES IN INDIAN AVIATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 264-222, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This research paper scrutinizes the Indian legal framework regulating unruly passengers and air rage in Indian aviation with emphasis on enforcement issues and constitutional dimensions. It compares international conventions like the Tokyo Convention (1963) and Montreal Protocol (2014) with Indian laws like the Aircraft Act, 1934, and Civil Aviation Requirements (CAR), Section 3, Series M, Part VI (2017). The paper assesses high-profile cases such as Kunal Kamra v. IndiGo (2020) to shed light on the tensions between air safety and Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which protects the right to life, personal liberty, and freedom of movement. Utilizing a doctrinal approach, the research examines the arbitrary powers accorded to airlines, jurisdictional lacunas, and poor crew training. It suggests reforms, such as enhanced penalties, conflict management training as a requirement, and procedural protections for the No-Fly List, to provide a balance between security and passenger rights. The conclusions seek to enhance India’s legal response to air rage in its fast-growing aviation industry.

IMPACTS OF CUSTOMER REVIEWS ON MARKETING: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – THANESH NG* & DR. S. MARUTHAVIJAYAN**

* STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

**ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – THANESH NG & DR. S. MARUTHAVIJAYAN, IMPACTS OF CUSTOMER REVIEWS ON MARKETING: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 232-264, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract:

In today’s digitally driven marketplace, customer reviews wield significant influence over consumers’ purchasing decisions and brand perceptions. This paper examines the multifaceted impacts of customer reviews on marketing strategies across various industries. Drawing upon recent research and industry practices, the study delves into how customer reviews shape brand reputation, influence consumer trust, and impact sales performance. Furthermore, it explores the role of online platforms and social media in amplifying the reach and impact of customer reviews. The analysis also considers the challenges and opportunities that arise from managing and leveraging customer feedback effectively. Key factors such as review authenticity, sentiment analysis, and response strategies are discussed in the context of optimizing marketing efforts. Through a synthesis of empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks, this paper elucidates the evolving dynamics of customer reviews in shaping contemporary marketing practices. The findings underscore the imperative for businesses to cultivate a proactive approach towards monitoring, managing, and leveraging customer reviews as a pivotal component of their marketing strategies. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between customer feedback and marketing outcomes, providing actionable insights for businesses striving to thrive in today’s competitive landscape.

Keywords: Customer reviews, Marketing strategies, Brand reputation, Consumer trust, Sales performance, Online platforms, Social media, Review management, Sentiment analysis, Response strategies.

THE METAVERSE IN BUSINESS: A GATEWAY TO IMMERSIVE INNOVATION

AUTHOR – SONALI SHARMA V* & DR. S. MARUTHAVIJAYAN**

* STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY. EMAIL – SONALI3107SHARMA03@GMAIL.COM

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY. EMAIL – MARUDHU.LAWYER@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – SONALI SHARMA V & DR. S. MARUTHAVIJAYAN, THE METAVERSE IN BUSINESS: A GATEWAY TO IMMERSIVE INNOVATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 223-231, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The metaverse, a shared, immersive, and interactive virtual reality where users can create their own avatars and environments, is poised to revolutionize the business landscape. By harnessing cutting-edge technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), block chain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of Things (IoT), the metaverse unlocks new avenues for immersive innovation, enhanced collaboration, and revolutionary customer experiences.

This research explores the metaverse’s transformative impact on business, focusing on its potential to create immersive experiences, enhancing customer engagement and loyalty, Foster collaborative environments, facilitating remote work and cross-functional teamwork, Drive business innovation, enabling companies to stay ahead of the curve, Unlock new revenue streams, through virtual goods, services, and experiences.

KEYWORDS: Metaverse, Business Innovation, Immersive Experiences, Virtual Reality, Blockchain, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Transformation, Business Strategy

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, LEGAL PERSONHOOD, AND DETERMINATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY

AUTHOR – MS. SETIKA PRIYAM* & DR. KUNVAR DUSHYANT SINGH**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AUUP, LUCKNOW

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AUUP, LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – MS. SETIKA PRIYAM & DR. KUNVAR DUSHYANT SINGH, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, LEGAL PERSONHOOD, AND DETERMINATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 212-222, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The broad adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) across vital domains ranging from autonomous vehicles and financial markets to healthcare diagnostics and legal analytics has exposed significant gaps in our legal systems when AI-driven errors or malfunctions cause harm. Autonomous systems often involve multiple stakeholder hardware suppliers, software developers, sensor manufacturers, and corporate overseers making it difficult to pinpoint who is responsible for a system’s failure. The 2018 Uber autonomous‑vehicle crash in Tempe, Arizona, where a pedestrian was misclassified repeatedly by the AI’s perception module and the emergency braking function was disabled, underscores this challenge: with safety overrides turned off and state oversight minimal, liability became entangled among engineers, operators, and corporate policy not the machine alone.

Traditional criminal law doctrines rest on actus reus (the guilty act) and mens rea (the guilty mind), both premised on human agency and intent. AI entities, however, can execute complex decision‑making without consciousness or moral awareness, creating a “responsibility gap” under current frameworks. To bridge this gap, scholars like Gabriel Hallevy have proposed three liability models—perpetration‑via‑another (holding programmers or users accountable), the natural‑probable‑consequence model (liability for foreseeable harms), and direct liability (attributing responsibility to AI itself if it meets legal thresholds for actus reus and an analogue of mens rea). Each model offers insight but struggles with AI’s semi‑autonomous nature and opacity.

This paper argues against prematurely conferring legal personhood on AI an approach that risks absolving human actors and diluting accountability. Instead, it advocates for a human‑centric policy framework that combines clear oversight duties, mandated explainability measures, and calibrated negligence or strict‑liability standards for high‑risk AI applications. Such reforms are especially urgent in jurisdictions like India, where AI governance remains nascent. By anchoring liability in human oversight and regulatory clarity rather than on machines themselves, we can ensure that accountability evolves in step with AI’s growing capabilities, safeguarding both innovation and public safety.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Criminal Liability, Legal Personhood, Actus Reus, Mens Rea, Vicarious Liability, AI Regulation

FREEDOM OF SPEECH OR A LICENSE TO CHAOS? EXAMINING THE THIN LINE BETWEEN EXPRESSION AND INCITEMENT TO LAWLESS ACTIVITY

AUTHOR – KHYATI SINGH, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – KHYATI SINGH, FREEDOM OF SPEECH OR A LICENSE TO CHAOS? EXAMINING THE THIN LINE BETWEEN EXPRESSION AND INCITEMENT TO LAWLESS ACTIVITY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 196-211, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

While not guaranteed, freedom of speech is a key principle in democratic nations. The essay examines the ethical and legal dilemmas associated with speech that may incite unlawful behavior. It examines the challenging equilibrium between safeguarding free expression and preventing harm to individuals and society by analyzing key judicial rulings and scholarly articles. The study examines the criteria employed by courts to determine if speech constitutes incitement, including the Brandenburg v. Ohio Test in the United States and analogous standards in other jurisdictions. It examines the challenges social media businesses encounter in regulating potentially harmful discourse, as well as the psychological and sociological factors that influence the impact of speech on behavior. This research seeks to elucidate the intricate concerns pertaining to free speech and its potential to incite criminal behavior via the examination of diverse perspectives and case studies. The paper’s conclusion encompasses reflections on the implications for law enforcement, policymaking, and the future of democratic states in the digital era. 

RIGHT TO INFORMATION: A WAY FORWARD

AUTHOR – NIVEDITA SINGH* & MS. MANASVI AGARWAL**

*STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, AMITY UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW CAMPUS
BEST CITATION – NIVEDITA SINGH & MS. MANASVI AGARWAL, RIGHT TO INFORMATION: A WAY FORWARD, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 185-195, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT  

A free flow of knowledge is a basic human right. Knowledge cannot be constructed without  information. Acquiring new knowledge equips individuals with the understanding and abilities  they need to thrive in today’s environment. Considering this, it is the government’s  responsibility to keep the people informed. The shift from governance to good governance is  possible if there is a method to expand people’s involvement in government and provide them  with unrestricted access to information. In 2005, Indian legislators passed the Right to  Information Act in response to the need to improve government openness, responsibility,  accountability, and efficiency. This article seeks to illuminate the RTI Act’s guiding principles,  the Act’s relationship to good governance, and the Act’s accompanying challenges. This paper  also discusses corruption in public life and the preservation of personal privacy. The report  concludes with several generalized recommendations for improving the implementation of the  RTI law.

KEYWORDS- RTI ACT, GOOD GOVERNANCE, CORRUPTION, AND PRIVACY

THE IMPACT OF GOODS AND SERVICES TAX (GST) IN INDIA

AUTHOR – NITIN SINGH* & DR. ROHIT KUMAR SHUKLA**

* STUDENT, AMITY UNIVERSITY

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – NITIN SINGH & DR. ROHIT KUMAR SHUKLA, THE IMPACT OF GOODS AND SERVICES TAX (GST) IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 180-184, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract:

The Goods and Services Tax (GST), which went into effect on July 1, 2017, greatly impacted India’s indirect tax structure. It was implemented with the intention of simplifying the nation’s complicated tax structure into a single system, which would eliminate cascading taxes, establish a common national market, and facilitate corporate transactions. In order to evaluate the impact of the GST on the Indian economy, this essay looks at the objectives, implementation, effects on different sectors, and challenges faced. The paper, which is about 3000 pages long, offers a thorough grasp of how the GST affects sectoral efficiency, tax compliance, economic growth, and the future of tax changes.

DOCTRINE OF UNJUST ENRICHMENT AND ITS RELEVANCE TO INPUT TAX CREDIT (ITC) CLAIMS UNDER GST LAW

AUTHORS – AASTHA DIXIT* & DR. ANUJ KUMAR SHARMA**

* STUDENT, AMITY UNIVERSITY

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – AASTHA DIXIT & DR. ANUJ KUMAR SHARMA, DOCTRINE OF UNJUST ENRICHMENT AND ITS RELEVANCE TO INPUT TAX CREDIT (ITC) CLAIMS UNDER GST LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 172-179, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) marked a significant shift in India’s indirect taxation system, especially concerning the mechanism of Input Tax Credit (ITC). While ITC is intended to eliminate the cascading effect of taxes and promote seamless credit flow, refund claims under GST are often scrutinized through the lens of the doctrine of unjust enrichment. This doctrine, deeply rooted in equitable principles, prevents a taxpayer from obtaining a refund if the burden of tax has already been passed on to another party, typically the consumer. This paper explores the legal foundations of the doctrine, its application within the GST framework, key judicial pronouncements, and its impact on refund claims involving ITC. It also highlights practical and procedural challenges faced by taxpayers in establishing eligibility for refunds and proposes legal reforms to strike a balance between taxpayer rights and revenue protection.

SPORTS LAW AND POLICIES: A STUDY IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

AUTHOR – ANMOL SINGH, STUDENT AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN

BEST CITATION – ANMOL SINGH, SPORTS LAW AND POLICIES: A STUDY IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 166-171, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Sport is a physical activity which is played according to a set different sets of rules, whether for the purpose of fun, competition, or both. An activity involving several competitors at once , defined by goal or a certain objective then in such scenario it is essential to regulate those activity in order to keep the a systematic fair play procedure to avoid and prevent unfair tactics and uneven tone. When it comes to sports it is considered as one of the most integral part of India’s cultural heritage. The history of the sports in India can be traced back a long time ago where several sports such as polo , horse riding and many more were actively played and were to be those which res presents and depicts ones elittness and status. Thus , it can be said that sports are those activity which are deeply rooted in ones culture and heritage. Today in this contemprory era , India is one one those nation which has produced significant renowned champions in global sports tournaments and various other disciplines. The glory of Indian sports outshines in the world to its proximity , slowly and gradually India has become one of the global leader in social and cultural heritage.India has produced legendary athletes who have made significant contributions to sports, setting examples for the world with its diverse sporting heritage. Thus, sports in in India is the cornerstone of law that remains a debated topic with many unresolved issues.

Sports law is a legal field that applies to people involved in sports. It covers various areas of law, including contracts, injuries, sponsorships, competition rules, labor rights, trademarks, discrimination, criminal matters, and taxes. Some laws depend on an athlete’s status, while others vary based on the sport.