Author: PRASANNASRI26092001

LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN SPACE TOURISM

AUTHOR – GOWRINANDHANAN R S, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – GOWRINANDHANAN R S, LEGAL FRAMEWORKS AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES IN SPACE TOURISMS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 164-172, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

The current Space law is not sufficient to solve new problems in this sector, where space tourism is growing rapidly. Most of the most important international space law was created during the Cold War and focusing only for the governments. This leads to many differences in the legal system, particularly the rights of space tourists responsible for space tourists who can create their own space operations in other countries and other countries. Additionally, the mechanism of the mechanism must be determined to resolve legal disputes with the responsible person in other circumstances. In this document, he emphasizes the need to harmonize National Space Law, using model rules for objects such as licensing, insurance, and security. This will make the situation clear and accessible to all who are equally affected. This article also covers potential legal and ethical questions. This is due to new technology, spatial waste and damage to the spatial environment. This issue highlights the need for future legislation while maintaining long-term security and spatial environments. Ultimately, this study shows that legal changes are needed at a good time to ensure a safe, fair and well-organized expansion of space tourism.

AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981

AUTHOR – NIKALANK YADAV, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – NIKALANK YADAV, AIR (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ACT, 1981, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (2) OF 2025, PG. 147-163, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

Air is the natural bounty to all living things. It is the most vital component of life. There is no living being on the planet earth which can survive without air. Air is a blend of gases which constitutes earth’s atmosphere. The natural or fresh air is composed of 20.95% oxygen, 78% of nitrogen, 0.03% of carbon dioxide, 0.93% organ and trace amounts of Ozone, hydrogen sulfide sulphur-dioxide and carbon- monoxide.^[1] If this ratio is disturbed due to the presence of any foreign substance in it, the air cannot be termed as fresh air. It would rather be polluted or contaminated air, which is not suitable for use. To maintain the quality of air and management of air pollution, the Indian Parliament passed the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

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[1] National Geographic, ‘Air’ (National Geographic, 18 February 2025, 10:23 AM) https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/air/ accessed 22 March 2025

PROTECTION OF WHISTLEBLOWERS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – AHANA DAS, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – AHANA DAS, PROTECTION OF WHISTLEBLOWERS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 134-146, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

ABSTRACT

With the growth in developments in India, and India uplifting its status in front of various international standards, some factors pulling India backward. Some of them being corruption, dishonesty and fraud that occurs within governments, companies and various institutions. These malpractices lead to the development or emergence of the Whistleblowers who blows the whistle to alert the appropriate authorities about it.

Whistleblowing is an act that involves revealing the truth about such misconduct. It has emerged as a vital tool in fostering transparency, accountability, integrity within organisations and maintaining ethical governance both domestically and internationally. Whistleblowers can be termed as one of the many pillars of a functioning country. They come forward by disclosing information on any wrongdoing, misconduct, corruption or abuse of power which is happening within the organization be it public or private. A whistleblower can be an employee of the organization, a contractor, a supplier or ever a mere observer. In order for a whistleblower to have the courage to speak the truth they need to be protected and safeguarded by the government.

In India the need to protect whistleblowers has been increasingly recognized especially after occurrences of various instances where these whistleblowers faced threats, harassment or even death for whistleblowing these malpractices. Despite their pivotal role, the legal provisions for protecting them is significantly insufficient and severely underdeveloped in India. We have a specific act for their protection. It is called The Whistleblowers Protection Act, 2014. This act was enacted to receive complaints by whistleblowers disclosing corruption, unlawful practices or abuse of power by government officials. Even though this act is also supposed to provide protection to the whistleblowers from various threats that the whistleblowers face for the bravery shown by them but it suffers severe shortcomings.

In practice, whistleblowers in India face numerous challenges. There have been several cases where the whistleblowers faced intimidations, life threats, threat to affect their family members and in some unfortunate cases even death. Sometimes they also face indirect intimidations from their departments like transfers, disciplinary actions, suspensions or worse – physical harm and assassination. The absence of a strong framework for protection makes the whistleblowers vulnerable in their own society or surroundings. This also discourages people from coming forward and taking the initiative to disclose or speak up about the malpractices or misconduct. The media and non – government organizations have contributed to bringing the situation of whistleblowers in front of public eyes and gave an indirect fprce to the Indian Judiciary to take legislative actions.

KEY WORDS :-  Whistle blowers, Corruption, Malpractice, Competent Authorities, Role of Judiciary, Role of media, The Whistleblowers Protection Act, 2014.

A LEGAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS OF SAME SEX MARRAIGE IN INDIA

AUTHOR – PALAK CHETAN GALA, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – PALAK CHETAN GALA, A LEGAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS OF SAME SEX MARRAIGE IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 119-133, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

Anytime we discuss civil and human rights, same-sex marriage is the key measure of equality and fairness. Although there are many industrialized and emerging nations that support marriage equality, India still remains behind in establishing this basic right for LGBTQ+ people. Notwithstanding tremendous leaps in acknowledging LGBTQ+ rights, the lack of legal acknowledgment for same-sex unions continues to harbor discrimination and unfairness.

LOOPHOLES IN TAXATION LAW LEGAL

AUTHOR – FURQAAN HAMEED, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – FURQAAN HAMEED, LOOPHOLES IN TAXATION LAW LEGAL, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 110-118, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

The paper deals with the taxation law explores the structure, impact, and fairness of taxation systems and the loopholes present in it ,it states how the loopholes are exploited by the major copration and wealthy individuals for their own benefit.it  focus on how tax laws are applied, avoided, and perceived by different socioeconomic groups The policies that are made which contains certain gray areas that are identified by high ranking tax advisors which are hidden from the general public and is not easily accessible It highlights the growing disparity caused by tax avoidance strategies employed by wealthy individuals and corporations,   The different strategies used for tax avoidance which  is technically not illegal but raises the question of ethics and morality involved in the system of taxation which also have a political aspect to it 

The paper urges the importance of financial education  so that the general public could be benifitted by it it also states as why it is important to  close the loopholes present in our legal system  along with The affect of these loopholes on the economic stability and  social justice and equality  .

The research emphasizes the broader implications of this imbalance, including underfunded public services,  increased economic inequality which are not good for the overall development of the country The paper sates the urgent need for a  tax reform as a tool for promoting social equity,and  sustainable development, along with the  public trust in the government.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 4: QUALITY EDUCATION IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SHREEYASH DILIP JADHAV, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – SHREEYASH DILIP JADHAV, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 4: QUALITY EDUCATION IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 102-109, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

This article tries to discuss steps taken by India to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 4 that is Quality Education. It explores the growth of the education sector, existing strengths and weaknesses, government initiatives, and legal perspectives. It also showcases alarming need to reforms and develop long-term strategy needed to guarantee inclusive, equitable, and high- quality education, aligned with global best practices.

CRIME, CULTURE, AND CINEMA: EXPLORING THE DEPICTION OF CRIME IN WORLD CINEMA AS A REFLECTION OF REALITY AND ARTISTIC EXPRESSION, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR LEGAL DISCOURSE

AUTHOR – AMALA JOSEPH, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – AMALA JOSEPH, ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN OLD AGE ADULTS IN THE FAMILY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 93-101, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Introduction

Cinema, since the beginning, has not stayed a mere entertainment. It has interfered and rewritten the societal codes that shape human perception of the world. Among the many themes that persistently occupy the cinematic frame, crime holds a place of enduring fascination. It is more than a genre; it is a mirror to society’s deviance, morality, power structures, and justice mechanisms. Crime cinema walks the delicate line between reality and dramatization, between critique and glamorization, often influencing how we perceive criminals, victims, and the law itself.

This research paper, titled “Crime Culture and Cinema: Exploring the Depiction of Crime in World Cinema as a Reflection of Reality and Artistic Expression, with Implications for Legal Discourse”, will look into an interdisciplinary journey. It examines how films from various cultures and eras have portrayed crime. Crime is not just a narrative it is a reflection of socio-political anxieties, cultural identities, and legal complexities. This research aims to understand how cinema not only reflects crime in society but also contributes to its cultural meaning and its normalization or rejection in the particular society

ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN OLD AGE ADULTS IN THE FAMILY

AUTHOR – PRIYASHA, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – PRIYASHA, ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN OLD AGE ADULTS IN THE FAMILY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 82-92, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

ABSTRACT

Domestic violence against elderly individuals within the family context constitutes a grave violation of fundamental rights, subjecting older adults to physical, emotional, financial, and sexual abuse. This abuse occurs in various forms and poses significant legal, social, and psychological challenges for victims, exacerbating their vulnerability and undermining their overall well-being. It is estimated that approximately one in six individuals aged 60 years and older experiences some form of abuse within the family. Moreover, the impact of such abuse is profound, severely affecting the health, dignity, and quality of the life of elderly individuals.

The objective of this research is to critically examine gaps and challenges faced in national legal frameworks that aim to address domestic violence against older adults in the family.

This paper also evaluates the effectiveness of existing legal remedies designed to protect older adults, such as restraining orders, guardianship provisions, and elder protection services. It explores the challenges elderly victims face in accessing justice, including fear of retaliation, social isolation, and cognitive impairments that hinder their ability to report abuse. These barriers further complicate the enforcement of legal protections and remedies.

In conclusion, this study advocates for comprehensive legal reforms aimed at enhancing protections for older adults. It emphasizes the need for a more robust and coordinated response through inter-agency collaboration, ensuring that elder abuse is more effectively prevented, addressed, and prosecuted. Such reforms would not only guarantee the protection of older adults within family environment but also improve their access to justice and uphold their fundamental rights.

BLUE CARBON AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: UNLEASHING THE UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS FOR GLOBAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE

AUTHOR – TUSHAR SUTAR, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – TUSHAR SUTAR, BLUE CARBON AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: UNLEASHING THE UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS FOR GLOBAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 69-81, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

As global efforts to combat climate change intensify, blue carbon ecosystems coastal vegetated habitats that sequester significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide, have emerged as a critical, yet underutilized, asset in achieving sustainable development and climate mitigation goals. Despite their ecological and economic significance, the legal frameworks governing blue carbon remain fragmented, inconsistent, and insufficiently equipped to ensure long-term protection, equitable management, and climate resilience. This article critically examines the intersection of blue carbon governance and international environmental law, exposing legal ambiguities, jurisdictional challenges, and human rights concerns that undermine effective stewardship. Employing a doctrinal and comparative methodology, it interrogates gaps within existing regimes such as UNCLOS, the Paris Agreement, and voluntary carbon markets, while advocating for the urgent development of adaptive, rights-based, and equity-focused legal instruments. The study proposes an integrated, forward-looking legal framework that recognizes blue carbon ecosystems as “blue gold” essential to planetary health, socio-economic resilience, and climate justice. It outlines strategic pathways, including the establishment of universal legal definitions, integration of blue carbon into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), community-centered governance structures, and the deployment of innovative insurance and finance mechanisms. Ultimately, the article contends that strengthening blue carbon law is not merely an environmental necessity but a transformative legal opportunity capable of realigning global legal systems with the imperatives of oceanic stewardship, sustainability, and intergenerational equity.

THE TREATMENT OF TERRORISM SUSPECTS AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL: BALANCING SECURITY AND JUSTICE

AUTHOR – SANA PERWEEN, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – SANA PERWEEN, THE TREATMENT OF TERRORISM SUSPECTS AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL: BALANCING SECURITY AND JUSTICE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 64-68, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

The issue of treating terrorism suspects in national security and in the light of the right to a fair trial is a multifaceted legal and ethical issue. On one hand, governments are obligated to safeguard citizens from terrorist attacks, but it is just as important to ensure that the basic rights of individuals are respected, including the right to a fair and impartial trial. Such equilibrium is frequently subjected to trial when dealing with issues of terrorism, where security justifies the utilization of extraordinary interventions, including preventive detention without trial, surveillance, and the withholding of legal rights. This discussion delves into the conflict between the necessity to implement effective measures against terrorism and the protection of due process protections, examining international and domestic jurisprudence. Through the analysis of milestone case studies and court rulings, the research points to the dilemma faced by courts when it comes to weighing national security concerns against ensuring the protection of personal freedoms. In the end, the paper advocates for a balanced strategy that serves both security and justice alike, keeping in mind that the protection of basic rights is part of what leads to overall stability within any democratic nation.