“FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CONVICTIONS: NEED FOR REGULATORY REFORM IN INDIA”

AUTHOR – ANANYA SINGH* & DR. PRASHANT KUMAR VARUN**

* LL.M (CRIMINAL.LAW) SCHOLAR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – ANANYA SINGH & DR. PRASHANT KUMAR VARUN, “FORENSIC EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CONVICTIONS: NEED FOR REGULATORY REFORM IN INDIA”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 173-183, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

This research paper offers an in-depth analysis of the essential role that forensic science plays in the adjudication of criminal cases within the Indian legal system. It investigates how forensic techniques—such as DNA profiling, fingerprint analysis, ballistic examinations, and digital forensics—serve as crucial tools in both proving guilt and establishing innocence. However, the study also exposes the significant challenges arising from the lack of uniform protocols, improper handling of evidence, inadequate training of personnel, and institutional shortcomings in forensic infrastructure.

Particular focus is placed on how these lapses contribute to miscarriages of justice, including wrongful convictions and acquittals, thereby undermining public confidence in the criminal justice process. The research emphasizes the pressing necessity for robust legislative reforms, the implementation of scientifically validated forensic methodologies, and the compulsory accreditation of forensic laboratories to ensure uniformity and credibility.

Moreover, the paper calls for the integration of forensic science into legal and police training curricula, alongside the establishment of specialized forensic oversight bodies to regulate the collection, analysis, and presentation of forensic evidence in courts. By promoting transparency, accountability, and scientific accuracy, these proposed reforms aim to bolster the integrity and reliability of forensic science as a foundational component of justice delivery in India.

Keywords –  Forensic science in India,Criminal justice system,Wrongful convictions Misuse of forensic evidence ,Transparency and accountability in justice ,Misinterpretation of forensic data, DNA profiling,  Fingerprint analysis, Ballistic forensics , Digital forensic evidence, Standardization of forensic protocols, Forensic laboratory accreditation .