PRESIDENTIAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT AND SEPARATION OF POWER SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO USA

AUTHOR – MR. SIDDHANT ADABE, STUDENT AT D.E.S.’S  SHRI. NAVALMAL FIRODIA LAW COLLEGE, SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

BEST CITATION – MR. SIDDHANT ADABE, PRESIDENTIAL FORM OF GOVERNMENT AND SEPARATION OF POWER SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO USA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 418-429, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

USA and India showcase divergent presidential governance, reflecting unique historical-political contexts. The presidential form of government and separation of powers in the United States finds its genesis in the deliberations of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, where framers envisaged a system of divided authority to forestall the concentration of power. In contrast, India’s parliamentary system, heavily influenced by British colonial legacy, integrates the executive and legislative branches, albeit with checks and balances enshrined within its federal structure. In USA, the presidential system maintains separation of powers but faces challenges due to political polarization. India’s parliamentary system integrates executive and legislative functions, posing flexibility but risking weakened checks. Both countries strive for democratic accountability and responsiveness, prompting ongoing discussions on institutional reform. The US presidential system divides power among executive, legislative, and judicial branches to prevent tyranny and promote efficient decision-making, though cooperation is essential to avoid gridlock. In contrast, India’s parliamentary system combines executive and legislative roles, providing flexibility but potentially weakening checks. These systems shape political culture, policymaking, and citizen involvement differently, impacting governance stability and effectiveness in each nation. The Impact of Presidential Form of Government on Power Dynamics and Governance in the United States and how the U.S. presidential system shapes executive authority, legislative effectiveness, and inter-branch relations, shedding light on its implications for democratic governance and policy outcomes. In presidential systems, such as that of the United States, executive-legislative cooperation positively correlates with legislative productivity, measured by the frequency of bills passed with bilateral support. This relationship suggests that increased collaboration between branches enhances governance effectiveness in such political frameworks. A spectrum of initiatives, ranging from electoral reforms and constitutional amendments to administrative decentralization and judicial reforms. These reforms aspire to strengthen democratic institutions, foster political inclusivity, and deepen public trust in the governance process. To offer insights into the dynamics of democratic governance in diverse contexts and to chart a course towards institutional resilience and democratic consolidation.

Keywords – Comparative analysis, Democracy. Presidential form of government, Reform, Separation of powers, United States.