CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEMOCRATIC AND NON-DEMOCRATIC STATES

AUTHOR – AKSHAY MAHAVIRA, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SHOOL PATNA

BEST CITATION – AKSHAY MAHAVIRA, CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEMOCRATIC AND NON-DEMOCRATIC STATES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (13) OF 2025, PG. 115-117, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This research paper investigates the fundamental differences in civil and political rights protection between democratic and non-democratic (authoritarian, autocratic) states. By analyzing both structural governance mechanisms and real-world policy outcomes, the study highlights how the rule of law, separation of powers, transparency, and public participation make democracies distinct in safeguarding rights. In contrast, the concentration of power, limited accountability, and systemic repression characterize authoritarian regimes. Comparative case studies from diverse regions augment theoretical perspectives, underscoring how the type of political system affects not only legal guarantees but also daily experiences and development prospects for citizens. The findings illuminate the critical role of democratic institutions in upholding civil and political rights and suggest strategic approaches to strengthening rights worldwide.