DEBT RESOLUTION IN MODERN ÉIRE: ADVANCES IN PERSONAL BANKRUPTCY, CORPORATE RESCUE AND CROSS-JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES

AUTHOR – TADGH QUILL-MANLEY, STUDENT AT KING’S INNS. EMAIL: TADGHQUILLMANLEY@YAHOO.COM

BEST CITATION – TADGH QUILL-MANLEY, DEBT RESOLUTION IN MODERN ÉIRE: ADVANCES IN PERSONAL BANKRUPTCY, CORPORATE RESCUE AND CROSS-JURISDICTIONAL ISSUES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 448-454, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This article looks at how bankruptcy law in Éire has changed over the past decade, from the stringent provisions of the Bankruptcy Act 1988 to the more debtor-friendly rules of the Personal Insolvency Act 2012. It talks about important changes, such as the integration of EU-linked bankruptcy registers, the European Union (Preventive Restructuring) Regulations 2022, which strengthen directors’ duties to consider creditors’ interests, the upcoming Protection of Employees (Employers’ Insolvency) Bill, and cross-border recognition after Brexit in important cases like Re Keating (2025) and Re Mercer Agencies Limited [2025] IEHC 261.

The analysis discusses the increase in corporate bankruptcies in 2024-2025 as a return to pre-pandemic norms, the low use of rescue processes like examinership and SCARP, and the equity issues in personal debt relief shown by high-profile cases. Even though reforms have made the system more up-to-date and easier to use, there are still problems with predictability, consistency across jurisdictions, and fair treatment of both debtors and creditors. As Éire draws closer to 2030, the article suggests that targeted changes to the law are needed to make the insolvency system truly fair, strong, and equipped to help people get back on their feet.

Keywords:Insolvency Law, Debt, Éire, UK, EU

CRITICAL ANALYSIS : LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF RAPE PROVISION IN INDIA

AUTHOR – JERLINE* & HEMAVATHY D**

* STUDENT AT TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW

** PROFESOR AT TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW

BEST CITATION – JERLINE & HEMAVATHY D, CRITICAL ANALYSIS : LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF RAPE PROVISION IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 437-447, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper is to examine legal framework in india related to rape are essential to uphold human dignity and addressing significant issues surrounding consent and gender equality in martial rape .In section 63 reflects outdated patriarchal norms,which can perpetuate societal norms ,that diminish women’s dignity .This is contrary to contemporary understanding of human rights and gender equality. The anti rape laws still have to bring major amendment because there is brutal cases still happening in india .In recent  the 31 year old women trainee doctor  rape and murdered in RG kar medical college and hospital .”The entire procedure followed by your state is something which I have not come across  in the 30 years of my life “, justice pardiwala said during the hearing .In December 11 2017 ,40 year old man who allegly indulged in brutal unnatural sex with his wife which eventually lead to her death the chattisgarh high court acquits a man of martial rape charges .”it is quite clear that if the wife is not below 15 years of age, then any sexual intercourse or sexual act by the husband with his wife  cannot termed as rape. As such, the absence of consent of the wife for an unnatural act loses its importance ,” held justice Vyas. According to recent government survey ,32%of married women face physical ,sexual or emotional violence by their husbands and 82% of married women ,aged18-49,who have experienced sexual violence said their current husbands were the perpetators. The government need to review the legal framework related to rape and martial rape to protect women from harmful act and also to protect their diginity. After Nirbhaya case of 2012 expanding the definition of rape include digital rape under section 63 of BNS . The government need to bring specific legislation of digitial rape . The findings  indicate a notable increase in reported cases and persistent challenges in implementation ,such as forensic evidence collection and social stigma.This paper concludes with recommendation for legal  and societal reforms to enhance the protection and support for victims of rape and martial rape in india. Keywords: Rape, gender equality, martial rape ,digital rape, judicial approach, legal evolution

A DOCTRINAL AND EXPLORATORY STUDY OF ARTICLES 14, 20, AND 21 OF THE CONSTITUTION IN RELATION TO RIGHT TO BAIL, ARREST, AND PROPERTY SEIZURE UNDER THE PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT, 2002

AUTHOR – ADITYA BALLOLLI, STUDENT AT CHRIST UNIVERSITY (BANGALORE)

BEST CITATION – ADITYA BALLOLLI, A DOCTRINAL AND EXPLORATORY STUDY OF ARTICLES 14, 20, AND 21 OF THE CONSTITUTION IN RELATION TO RIGHT TO BAIL, ARREST, AND PROPERTY SEIZURE UNDER THE PREVENTION OF MONEY LAUNDERING ACT, 2002, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 271-282, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Money laundering presents a fundamental challenge to modern economies by enabling criminals to disguise illicit proceeds and reintegrate them into legitimate financial systems. India’s legislative response, the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), was enacted to align domestic law with international anti-money laundering (AML) obligations while addressing the inadequacies of earlier statutes such as Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 (COFEPOSA), and Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA). The central research problem addressed in this paper is whether the PMLA, in its current form, effectively combats financial crime without compromising constitutional guarantees of liberty, equality, and due process. The objective of this study is twofold: first, to analyze the legal architecture of the PMLA with respect to bail, arrest, evidentiary rules, and property attachment; and second, to evaluate judicial interpretations that have shaped the Act’s constitutional balance, with specific attention to landmark cases such as Nikesh Tarachand Shah v. Union of India and Vijay Madanlal Choudhary v. Union of India. Methodologically, the research adopts a doctrinal approach, relying on statutory analysis, judicial precedents, and comparative perspectives from common law jurisdictions. Secondary sources, including scholarly commentary and international AML frameworks, are also examined to situate the PMLA within a broader legal and policy context. The conclusion suggests that while the PMLA serves a crucial role in curbing economic crime, its stringent provisions such as the “twin conditions” for bail, the reverse burden of proof, and non-disclosure of the Enforcement Case Information Report pose serious constitutional concerns. The study argues for recalibration through legislative reform and judicial oversight to ensure that the fight against money laundering remains robust but does not erode fundamental rights under Articles 14, 20, and 21 of the Indian Constitution.

Keywords: Money Laundering, Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, Constitutional Rights, Bail, Enforcement Directorate

MISUSE OF DORMANT COMPANIES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY GAPS AND JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT (2013–2025)

AUTHOR – TEJAS VERMA, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – TEJAS VERMA, MISUSE OF DORMANT COMPANIES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL LEGAL ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY GAPS AND JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT (2013–2025), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 416-428, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/UIMZ4721

ABSTRACT

The regulatory framework of dormant companies as stated in Section 455 of the Companies Act, ^[1]2013 contains a structural weakness that encourages corporate malfeasance, even though it is intended to ensure that inactive businesses have the freedom to operate. The paper addresses systemic frailties inherent in the dormant system of the company regime, in the form of the statutory framework, enforcement mechanisms and judicial interpretation, by showing how the advanced players use the loopholes in the regulations to engage in illegal financial transactions. This work shows that the information asymmetry created by the self-declaration model underlying Section 455, although it lessens the compliance burden on legitimate dormant entities, is critically damaging, allowing shell companies to operate under the cloak of regulatory dormancy. Over 233,000 companies were struck off by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs between 2019 and 2025, but such reactive enforcement steps cannot curb the already existing networks of layered corporate forms that help to launder money, evade taxation and conceal beneficial ownership. The dichotomy of active and dormant firms is not a sufficient way of describing the range of corporate inactivity, as it is possible that corporations can be dormant entities that act as passive intermediaries in sophisticated financial plans. Cases in courts, especially those of the Supreme Court in McDowell and Co. Ltd. v. Commercial Tax Officer and Vodafone International Holdings v. The Union of India, create a set of conflicting doctrinal premises authorizing substance- over form analysis at the same time as evidentiary standards are high in veiling the corporate veil. This conflict of doctrine, together with the formalism of procedure taken by the National Company Law Tribunal and National Company Law Appellate Tribunal, contributes to the inefficiency of regulation in identifying and preventing the difference between an active and a dormant company abuse.

The study suggests comprehensive changes such as the obligatory non-government audit of dormant status applications, graduated dormant status, centralized corporate intelligence systems where inter-agency data could be integrated in real-time, and more deterrence with commensurate punishment. The recommendations are also to change the reactive and procedure-oriented dormant regime of companies in India to a proactive, intelligence-based regime that keeps the business legitimate flexibility and provides regulatory accountability and market integrity.

Keywords Dormant Companies, Section 455 (Companies Act, 2013), Shell Layering, Beneficial Ownership, Regulatory Framework, Corporate Governance

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[1] Companies Act, No. 18 of 2013, § 455 (India).

AN ARTICLE ON CASTE-BASED VICTIMIZATION

AUTHOR – A JESLYN SHEENA PREETA* & HEMAVATHY D**

* STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

** PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – A JESLYN SHEENA PREETA & HEMAVATHY D, AN ARTICLE ON CASTE-BASED VICTIMIZATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 412-415, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

VICTIMIZATION

Victimization occurs when an individual or a group of individuals is intentionally harmed or attacked either physically, mentally or economically by another individual or a group. Victims are the products of vulnerability. Victimization leads to the disruption of peace and harmony in the society. Victimization leaves a huge impact on individuals as well as on the society as a whole. An offence is any act or omission against the existing law. Every offender gives birth to a victim. Every offence creates an eternal impact on the victim especially mentally and economically. Physical wounds may heal over time but mental and economic wellbeing is broken forever once broken. For instance, a rape victim undergoes a lot of mental instability when she tries to socialize with people after the incident. She becomes insecure and starts isolating herself from the society. On the other hand, the society blames the victim for the incident and mocks her personality. In the end, she becomes a BRIGHT GIRL in the DARK. This is how serious victimization can destroy a person and shadow his or her brightness.

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN DEATH INVESTIGATION

AUTHOR – MR. ASWIN KUMAR K* & MR. SUGITHKUMAR R G**

* STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

** PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – MR. ASWIN KUMAR K & MR. SUGITHKUMAR R G, A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON ROLE OF FORENSIC SCIENCE IN DEATH INVESTIGATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 403-411, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

     In a criminal investigation and trial, forensic evidence plays a very vital role, which is mainly concerned with materials and the materials associating with men, place & time. Forensic science process the materials & establish their presence or absence with the crime, criminal, victim, weapon allegedly connected with the offence.  Forensic science evaluates the available physical evidence and to provide it as better evidence to the cases in court of law. Forensic science plays a crucial role in death investigation cases and to establish the facts and evidence on the alleged crime. Forensic science provides various scientific tools and methodologies that greatly enhance the accuracy, objectivity and creditability of investigation processes. The main component of the forensic death investigation is the autopsy, performed to determine the physiological cause of death in the suspected cases and further analyse the presence of various biological components and other toxic substances in cases of overdose, poisoning or substance abuse. Forensic science aids in determining time since death using variety of indicators which includes body temperature, rigor mortis, lividity, decomposition and insect activity. In cases, where identity of deceased is unknown, forensic anthropologists and odontologists play a critical role by analysing skeletal fractures and dental records.

Key words:       Death investigation, post-mortem examination, time of death, forensic pathology, unnatural death, autopsy, toxicology.

THE PARADOX OF PROTECTION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE GAP BETWEEN LEGISLATIVE INTENT AND JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT IN INDIAN CHILD RIGHTS

AUTHOR – NIDA KHAN* & DR. JYOTSNA SINGH**

* STUDENT AT LLM. (CRIMINAL LAW), AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – NIDA KHAN & DR. JYOTSNA SINGH, THE PARADOX OF PROTECTION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE GAP BETWEEN LEGISLATIVE INTENT AND JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT IN INDIAN CHILD RIGHTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 387-394, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The architecture of child protection in India is characterized by a profound paradox: a hyper-active, punitive legislative landscape juxtaposed against a sluggish and fragmented enforcement machinery. This research paper undertakes a critical analysis of the “law in action” versus the “law in books,” examining the systemic attrition of justice following the enactment of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 and the transition to the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS).

Utilizing statistical data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) Crime in India 2024 report, the study exposes a widening chasm between procedural success and substantive failure. While charge-sheeting rates for IPC crimes remain high (approximately 72.7%), conviction rates for crimes against children under POCSO stagnate between 20% and 36%. This discrepancy is attributed to a “procedural defeat” caused by the reliance on degrading oral evidence, the failure of Fast Track Special Courts to manage case bottlenecks, and a pervasive “compromise culture” abetted by police insensitivity.

Doctrinally, the paper critiques the judicial misinterpretation of “intent” (Section 300 IPC) versus “knowledge” (Section 304 IPC) in cases of fatal child abuse. It argues that the judicial application of the “Single Blow” doctrine and “Heat of Passion” defense in child homicide cases ignores the physiological vulnerability of children and inadvertently trivializes fatal abuse. The analysis further traces the oscillation of judicial interpretation, from the restrictive definitions in Sakshi v. Union of India to the restorative corrections regarding “skin-to-skin” contact in Attorney General v. Satish.

Finally, the research contrasts India’s retributive justice model with the restorative Scandinavian Barnahus framework, advocating for a centralized approach to evidence gathering to minimize secondary victimization. The study concludes by addressing the emergent threat of Deepfake technology and Generative AI, which challenges the ontology of evidence under the new Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA) and exposes the obsolescence of current obscenity laws.

Keywords: Child Rights, POCSO Act, Judicial Enforcement, NCRB Data, Culpable Homicide, Restorative Justice, Barnahus Model, Deepfake Technology.

NAVIGATING THE ‘FIFTH DOMAIN’: THE EFFICACY OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE IN PROSECUTING CYBERCRIMES AGAINST WOMEN

AUTHOR – AALIYA KHATOON* & DR. JYOTSNA SINGH**

* LLM. (CRIMINAL LAW) STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS
** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – AALIYA KHATOON & DR. JYOTSNA SINGH, NAVIGATING THE ‘FIFTH DOMAIN’: THE EFFICACY OF THE INDIAN PENAL CODE IN PROSECUTING CYBERCRIMES AGAINST WOMEN, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 395-402, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The rapid integration of digital spaces into daily life has precipitated a paradigm shift in gender-based violence, shifting these offenses into the “fifth domain” of cyberspace. Despite the Information Technology Act, 2000 (IT Act) serving as the lex specialis for electronic governance, the substantive burden of prosecuting digital crimes against women such as online sexual harassment, cyber stalking, and the non-consensual dissemination of intimate imagery (NCII) continues to fall heavily upon the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC). This research paper critically examines the doctrinal, procedural, and sociological efficacy of specific IPC provisions, namely Sections 354A, 354D, 292, 499, 509, and 366A, in addressing modern digital crimes. Supported by National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) 2022 data, the analysis explores how the Indian judiciary has progressively re-interpreted Victorian-era concepts of “modesty,” “privacy,” and physical “presence” to protect the virtual body of the female victim. Furthermore, the paper juxtaposes these IPC sections with complementary IT Act provisions and landmark judgments (such as Avnish Bajaj and X v. Union of India) to highlight the evolving landscape of intermediary liability and digital defamation. Ultimately, the study concludes that while substantive laws have been judicially adapted to recognize virtual harm, a significant “justice gap” remains. The promise of digital safety is severely stifled by procedural bottlenecks, most notably the extraterritorial acquisition of digital evidence under Section 91 of the CrPC, cross-border jurisdictional disputes, and severe delays in the Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (MLAT) process.

Keywords: Cybercrimes against Women, Indian Penal Code (IPC), Digital Jurisprudence, Intermediary Liability, Cyber Stalking.

EVALUATING THE SCOPE OF DISTRICT LEVEL ADMINISTRATIVE RECOGNITION OF THE KODAVA AND TULU LANGUAGES IN KODAGU, DAKSHINA KANNADA AND UDUPI DISTRICTS WITH RESPECT TO SECTIONS 2 AND 3 OF THE KANNADA OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ACT, 1963

AUTHOR – B.M NEHAN BELLIAPPA, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – B.M NEHAN BELLIAPPA, EVALUATING THE SCOPE OF DISTRICT LEVEL ADMINISTRATIVE RECOGNITION OF THE KODAVA AND TULU LANGUAGES IN KODAGU, DAKSHINA KANNADA AND UDUPI DISTRICTS WITH RESPECT TO SECTIONS 2 AND 3 OF THE KANNADA OFFICIAL LANGUAGES ACT, 1963, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 376-386, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the scope of district-level administrative recognition of the Kodava and Tulu languages in Kodagu, Dakshina Kannada and Udupi in the context of Sections 2 and 3 of the Kannada Official Languages Act, 1963. Karnataka is linguistically diverse yet Kannada is declared the official language for state administration. Kodava and Tulu, deeply rooted in their respective districts, have historically functioned as primary means of communication and cultural expression but lack formal administrative recognition.

The research problem addresses whether Sections 2 and 3 permit or restrict recognition of these minority languages at the district level.

The objective is to evaluate doctrinally the legal, historical and linguistic foundations for such recognition and to assess the role of judiciary in shaping the interpretation of minority language rights.

The research question asks whether Kodava and Tulu can be accommodated within the administrative framework without undermining Kannada’s primacy as per Sections 2 and 3 of the Karnataka Official Languages Act, 1963.

Methodology includes doctrinal analysis of statutory provisions, examination of relevant case laws including Mr N Shreyas v State of Karnataka, Linguistic Minorities Protection Committee v State of Karnataka and related judgments, and review of secondary sources that contextualize historical, cultural and linguistic trends.

Keywords: Kodava language, Tulu language, Karnataka Official Languages Act 1963, linguistic minority rights, district-level administrative recognition

TACKLING ANTI-COMPETITIVE CHALLENGES IN AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ALGORITHMS IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ANTI-COMPETITIVE CONDUCT BY AI ALGORITHMS UNDER COMPETITION ACT, 2002

AUTHOR – ADITHYA NARAYANA RAO, 3^RD YEAR, BA LLB, SCHOOL OF LAW, CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – ADITHYA NARAYANA RAO, TACKLING ANTI-COMPETITIVE CHALLENGES IN AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ALGORITHMS IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ANTI-COMPETITIVE CONDUCT BY AI ALGORITHMS UNDER COMPETITION ACT, 2002, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (2) OF 2026, PG. 363-375, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

The swift integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into commercial practices has significantly altered the landscape of competition, with implications for both opportunities and regulation. Through automating decision-making and enhancing market strategy, AI algorithms are contributing to increased efficiencies and innovations across various sectors. However, the introduced complexity of anti-competitive risks including tacit collusion, price manipulation, segmenting markets, and discrimination can outpace the identification and assessment standards of existing laws of competition. This paper discusses and critically assesses the intersection of AI technologies and the Indian Competition Act, 2002^[1], emphasizing the regulatory implications of algorithm-driven market behavior. This research presents an organization of the types of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms that are present in market strategies including algorithms for pricing, recommendations, and demand prediction and an analysis of whether those algorithms are able to have an impact on competition in the market. The research points out how the opacity, speed, and adaptability of these algorithms make traditional investigatory methodologies less effective and calls on regulators to employ sophisticated monitoring techniques and directed decision-making. The research notes comparative analogies from developing competition laws which use an intentional focus on algorithmic behavior and attributes context/rationale to ideas of algorithmic accountability, algorithmic transparency, and information-sharing between regulators to fulfill competition laws.

The study employs a doctrinal research methodology, involving a detailed analysis of statutory provisions, case law, and regulatory guidelines. Additionally, comparative analysis with international jurisdictions is conducted to identify best practices in algorithm-focused competition regulation. The research also categorizes AI algorithms by their operational functions and examines how their design and implementation can influence market dynamics. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that Indian competition law’s development needs to incorporate technology-relevant regulatory frameworks to best advance consumer welfare, in addition to promoting innovation. This study shall strictly focus on Indian digital markets (fintech and e-commerce).

Keywords: Algorithms, Anti-competitive agreements, Abuse of dominance, E-Commerce,  Fintech, Competition Commission of India

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[1] Competition Act, No. 12 of 2003, Acts of Parliament, 2002