NAVIGATING COFFEE TRADE: UGANDA’S ECONOMIC PATHWAY IN A GLOBALIZED MARKET

AUTHOR – MUWANGUZI HUMPHREY NGIYA* & DR. RHAJIV BHALLA**, LL.M (MASTERS OF LAW)* & PROFESSOR**, UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES, CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, MOHALI

BEST CITATION – MUWANGUZI HUMPHREY NGIYA & DR. RHAJIV BHALLA, NAVIGATING COFFEE TRADE: UGANDA’S ECONOMIC PATHWAY IN A GLOBALIZED MARKET, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 429-436, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Uganda’s coffee sector is a crucial part of its economy, serving as a major source of foreign exchange and employment for millions of smallholder farmers. This paper explores Uganda’s role in the global coffee market, emphasizing the economic, environmental, and regulatory factors shaping its growth and competitiveness. The analysis begins with the historical and economic significance of coffee production, highlighting its contributions to GDP and export revenue. Key challenges, such as global price volatility, climate change, and infrastructural limitations, are examined alongside the impacts on rural livelihoods. The study evaluates Uganda’s trade policies, including the National Coffee Policy and initiatives by the Uganda Coffee Development Authority (UCDA) aimed at quality improvement, production expansion, and sustainable practices. Through a blend of qualitative and quantitative analysis, this research provides insights into sustainable growth paths for Uganda’s coffee sector, stressing the integration of environmental stewardship with economic resilience and offering a model for agricultural trade policy discourse.

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CENTRAL BANK REGULATION IN UGANDA’S COMMERCIAL BANKING INDUSTRY

AUTHOR – TAHINDUKA AARON* & DR. RHAJIV BHALLA**, LL.M (MASTERS OF LAW)* & PROFESSOR**, UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES, CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, MOHALI

BEST CITATION – TAHINDUKA AARON & DR. RHAJIV BHALLA, ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CENTRAL BANK REGULATION IN UGANDA’S COMMERCIAL BANKING INDUSTRY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 423-428, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The financial stability of a country is deeply intertwined with the performance and regulation of its banking sector. In Uganda, the role of the commercial banking industry is critical to fostering economic growth, enabling efficient allocation of resources, and supporting broader financial inclusion goals. The Bank of Uganda (BoU), as the central bank, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the stability and integrity of the financial system through a comprehensive regulatory framework. However, the effectiveness of these regulations in safeguarding the health of Uganda’s banking industry has been a subject of ongoing debate. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of central bank regulations in Uganda’s commercial banking industry, evaluating both the successes and limitations of these regulatory measures^[1]

In the context of a rapidly evolving financial environment, characterized by technological advancements such as mobile money services and digital banking, the regulatory framework must be agile and responsive to emerging risks. Uganda’s banking sector, which has witnessed significant growth over the past few decades, faces unique challenges related to regulatory enforcement, financial inclusion, market competition, and systemic risks. Despite the Bank of Uganda’s efforts to implement prudential regulations, concerns persist about compliance, the risks posed by informal financial institutions, and the ability of regulators to adapt to new financial technologies. This paper seeks to examine how effective the BoU’s regulatory measures have been in mitigating these risks, ensuring the stability of the banking sector, and fostering a more competitive and inclusive financial environment^[2]. The financial stability of Uganda’s banking sector is crucial for the country’s economic growth and financial inclusion goals. The Bank of Uganda plays a central role in regulating and overseeing the banking industry, yet challenges persist in ensuring the effectiveness of its regulatory framework. As Uganda’s financial environment evolves with technological advancements, such as mobile money and digital banking, the central bank must continuously adapt its regulatory measures to address emerging risks and maintain the stability of the banking system.

Keywords:   Bank of Uganda (BoU), Commercial Banking Sector, Regulatory Measures, Capital Adequacy Requirements, Liquidity Management, Non-Performing Loans (NPLs), Financial Stability, Financial Inclusion, Mobile Money, Fintech Regulation, Enforcement Capacity, Compliance

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[1]J. B. Smith, “An Analysis of Financial Regulation in Developing Economies,” International Journal of Banking Studies, 2021, p. 45

[2] Bank of Uganda, “Annual Report 2023,” Bank of Uganda, Kampala, 2023, p. 58

CRIME AGAINST RELIGION IN INDIA: A REVIEW

AUTHORS – NISHITA NAYAK* & DR. AJAZ AFZAL LONE**, L.L.M STUDENT* AND ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, MOHALI.

BEST CITATION – NISHITA NAYAK & DR. AJAZ AFZAL LONE, CRIME AGAINST RELIGION IN INDIA: A REVIEW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 411-422, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

Religious freedom is a fundamental right that is crucial for creating a harmonious and tolerant society, where individuals from diverse religious backgrounds can coexist peacefully. However, this right is often threatened in diverse societies, and religious minorities may face discrimination, persecution, and even violence based on their beliefs. To promote religious freedom, governments and individuals must work together to respect the beliefs of others, create policies that protect religious minorities, and engage in education and dialogue. By upholding this fundamental right, we can create a society where all individuals, regardless of their religious background, can coexist peacefully and contribute to the common good.

Keywords: Crime, Religion, Constitutional, The Religion Institute Act, The Indian Penal Code

ROOTS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN INDIA: LEGAL ISSUES AND ANALYSIS—AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

AUTHOR – RIYA,LL.M. (MASTER OF LAWS), UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES, CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, MOHALI, PUNJAB, INDIA

BEST CITATION – RIYA, ROOTS OF ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN INDIA: LEGAL ISSUES AND ANALYSIS—AN ANALYTICAL STUDY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 400-410, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

A historical view of the progressive development of ADR in India exposes a systematic integration of the indigenous and professional systems of dispute resolution that serve to improve the realization of the right to recourse to the courts. In the following discussion, details of the historical background of ADR along with its metamorphic evolution of the traditional panchayati format into structured methods such as mediation, arbitration, conciliation, and Lok Adalat are also discussed. With legislative support from the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, and procedural support, including Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, ADR has emerged as an important tool of the judicial system in India, easing problems of backlogged courts, high costs of litigation, and time-consuming procedures. However, ADR in India has restrictions on the enforcement of awards, intervention of courts, limited access to ADR, and questions on neutrality arising from arbitration. Using America and Britain’s experience of ADR evolution, the study shows how Indian architecture might also be improved. These are limitations on courts’ interference with ADR decisions; improved access to ADR procedures; higher professional standards for practitioners; and the use of technology and ODR to increase scope and influence. The approach taken here is to argue for ADR as a more sustainable solution for the justice delivery system to meet the needs of the Indian populace as it seeks timely, neutral, and culturally appropriate dispute resolution solutions.

Keywords: Alternative Dispute Resolution, Arbitration, Mediation, Conciliation, Lok Adalat, Arbitration, Conciliation, Online Dispute Resolution, Indian Legal System, Access to Justice

A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LAND ACQUISITION LEGISLATION AND ITS’ EVOLUTION

AUTHORS – SOWVUNDAR K.A & MAHALINGAM V, STUDENTS AT SRM SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – SOWVUNDAR K.A & MAHALINGAM V, A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LAND ACQUISITION LEGISLATION AND ITS’ EVOLUTION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 395-399, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Land acquisition is a monumental issue that concerns the general public but it often goes under the radar due to it not affecting the majority on a daily ordinary life. The process of Land acquisition in refers to the ability and procedure by which the state is able to acquire private property for the purpose of public welfare and various other needs. The Right to Fair Compensation & Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation & Resettlement act of 2013 provides the state the power to acquire land and makes the whole ordeal a fair and reasonable trial for the parties involved through the provisions involved and the procedures that are to be adhered to in order to make the land acquisition valid. The act was a necessary tool due to the Land acquisition act which was made by the British government which was very biased and unjust in the process by which it allowed the British government to acquire land without any proper compensation or reason, it was abused by the British and aided in their ruthless objective to expand and plunder India as much as they needed. Land acquisition act 2013 was not the first of its kind there were many which came before them and all were fragile and ineffective in many ways thus the need for a legislation which would be effective in what it wanted to achieve. After it’s birth it provided a firmer more just solution to the land acquisition by the state.

The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive study and analysis of the of the land acquisition act 2013 and the important legal provisions which are provided by it and how they make the process of land acquisition which may seem controversial as fair and just to both state and individual involved. This paper also sheds light behind the history of the act and the formation of the act as we know it as now and to also draw comparisons and differences between the land acquisition act of 1894 and the Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill of 2013.

KEY WORDS: 1. Land acquisition,2. Land acquisition act 2013, 3. Rehabilitation and Resettlement, 4. public purpose, 5. Compensation.

ANALYSING THE DEBT RECOVERY MECHANISM IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE RECOVERY OF DEBTS DUE TO BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ACT, 1993

AUTHOR – EMMANUEL SOKA JOSEPH* & DR.SUNIL KUMAR**, *LL.M. (MASTER OF LAWS) & **PROFESSOR, UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES, CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, MOHALI (PUNJAB).

BEST CITATION – EMMANUEL SOKA JOSEPH & DR.SUNIL KUMAR, ANALYSING THE DEBT RECOVERY MECHANISM IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE RECOVERY OF DEBTS DUE TO BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ACT, 1993, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 389-394, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

Debt recovery in India has long been a significant challenge for financial institutions and creditors, impacting economic stability and growth. The Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs), established under the Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993, represent a pivotal step in streamlining the recovery process. This Act was introduced to expedite the resolution of disputes related to the recovery of debts owed to banks and financial institutions, thereby reducing the burden on conventional courts.

The DRTs operate with the objective of providing a specialized forum for creditors to address claims more efficiently. This abstract reviews the framework of the DRT Act, its operational mechanisms, and the legal provisions that empower these tribunals. It also examines the effectiveness of the DRTs in facilitating quicker recovery of debts, their impact on the banking sector, and the challenges faced, including delays in proceedings and enforcement issues. Furthermore, this paper explores the evolution of debt recovery laws in India, highlighting the role of the DRTs in enhancing access to justice for creditors while considering the implications for debtors. It emphasizes the need for reforms to strengthen the effectiveness of the DRTs, address procedural bottlenecks, and ensure a balanced approach that protects the interests of all stakeholders.

SUCCESSION PLANNING FOR MUSLIMS IN THE UAE: NAVIGATING SHARIA LAW AND LOCAL LEGISLATIONS FOR ASSET MANAGEMENT AND ESTATE PLANNING

AUTHOR – VIKSHITA POOJARY, INDEPENDENT AUTHOR,  EMAIL – VIKSHITA.POOJARY1@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – VIKSHITA POOJARY, SUCCESSION PLANNING FOR MUSLIMS IN THE UAE: NAVIGATING SHARIA LAW AND LOCAL LEGISLATIONS FOR ASSET MANAGEMENT AND ESTATE PLANNING, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 379-388, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This write up critically analyses the concept of succession for a muslim in UAE under Sharia law, Federal Law No. (5) of 1985 on the Civil Transactions Law, and Federal Law no. (28) of 2005 on Personal Status of the United Arab Emirates. Examining its juridical dimensions and implications with the framework of the Sharia law. Succession is the process of organising and managing the transfer of assets. And how this tool of succession planning becomes an important tool for a Muslim to safeguard his assets. Furthermore, the concept of Hibah, as a form of voluntary transfer of property, is deep rooted in the Islamic jurisprudence and raises intricate questions related to contractual validity, intention, and adherence to the Sharia principle. Furthermore, analysing how estate planning and succession acts as an alternative mechanism in asset management. Dissecting the legal nuances and assessing its theological underpinnings by analysing verses stated in the holy books, Federal Civil Law statutes, and Personal Status Law.

Keywords- Hibah, Sharia Law, Muslim, UAE, Donor, Donee, Estate Planning

IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON SOCIETY

AUTHOR – SAMUEL TABAN HAKIM DANIEL* & DR. RAJIV BHALLA**, LL.M. (MASTER OF LAWS)* & PROFESSOR**, UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES, CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, MOHALI, PUNJAB, INDIA

BEST CITATION – SAMUEL TABAN HAKIM DANIEL & DR. RAJIV BHALLA, IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON SOCIETY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 363-378, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

CSR has progressed from being a moral corporate voluntarism to a legal norm under the Indian ‘Companies Act, 2013’, especially ‘Section 135’ which provides that eligible companies have to spend at least 2% of their profits on social and environmental welfare. This paper aims to analyze CSR regarding the effects on society, covering the economic, social, and environmental areas, and the difficulties in practice, which are: greenwashing, unequal standards, and the objectives of social and economic return. While the study focuses on effective CSR approaches with positive social sustainability outcomes, such as those by Tata Group encompassing community welfare, it also examines cases with low outcomes, including Vedanta in the Niyamgiri Hills, which exposes problems with stakeholder engagement and ethical considerations. Various judgments passed in India have framed the CSR provisions and have enforced various social and environmental justice. Thus, it is recommended that legislatures provide more stringent rules and methods for CSR implementation, managers should expand CSR into a company’s strategic management, businesspeople should engage different stakeholders effectively, and corporate reports should contain better and more comprehensive standards for CSR. These measures are designed to encourage real participation in the actualization of sustainable development by meeting social, economic, and ecological needs in India.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Companies Act 2013, Section 135, sustainable development, greenwashing, India, environmental sustainability.

BEYOND COURTROOMS: ADR AS A PATHWAY TO JUSTICE FOR ALL

AUTHOR – DHRUTI DEWANGAN, STUDENT AT KALINGA UNIVERSITY, NAYA RAIPUR

BEST CITATION – DHRUTI DEWANGAN, BEYOND COURTROOMS: ADR AS A PATHWAY TO JUSTICE FOR ALL, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 355-362, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

One of every citizen’s fundamental right, access to justice is closely associated with the idea of the rule of law. Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) may also provide a lot of advantages over court procedures when parties are seeking a final and binding resolution. The ADR gives parties access to a more reasonable range. This takes a close look at the topic of access to justice, analyzing how well Alternative Dispute Resolution is working and what more might be required to make access to justice sincerely accessible. To guarantee that everyone has access to ADR as method of dispute resolution and that its advantages be made widely known. ADR focuses on out of court settlements but also gives possibility of appeal in courts in case of non-satisfaction of parties.  The bigger structural challenges such as uneven access to legal counsel and disparities in power between parties must be rectified in order to fully achieve ADR’s promise as a path to justice for all. This research study aims to understand how ADR processes can effectively make justice accessible beyond the traditional courtroom-centric approach. This Article examines the advantages, disadvantages, and effectiveness of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) as it pertains to equitable and accessible conflict resolution for different demographics. This paper in hand seeks to demonstrate the transformational potential of alternative dispute resolution methods in advancing justice for all parties by analysing case studies, legal frameworks, and empirical research.

A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS UNDER THE COMPETITION ACT, 2002

AUTHORS – SANNA RAJPUT* & DR. NISHA SAIN**, LL.M. (MASTER OF LAWS) SCHOLAR* & PROFESSOR**, UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF LEGAL STUDIES, CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY, MOHALI, PUNJAB, INDIA

BEST CITATION – SANNA RAJPUT & DR. NISHA SAIN, A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS UNDER THE COMPETITION ACT, 2002, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 4 (4) OF 2024, PG. 343-354, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The legal measures regarding M&A under the “Competition Act, of 2002” have indeed been very crucial for India to preserve competitive markets. This, together with the “Companies Act, 2013,” and the “Takeover Code,” also regards corporate growth and competition law within CCI in India. The Act requires notification of mergers in cases where they are likely to produce anti-competitive effects and will harm consumers. Nevertheless, many issues persist, like confusion over notification standards, new and developing markets, and inequalities in how the CCI conducts its review. The paper examines issues with the regulation process and presents potential amendments, including the clarification of thresholds and implementation of a dynamic, tiered notification system, as well as the enhancement of the review process and incorporation of further economic analysis techniques such as the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). Increasing transparency, involving stakeholders, and integration of the international best practices of such countries as the U.S. as well as the EU may potentially improve the study of sector-specific guidelines in India. Because notification standards can be tightened up, remedies improved, and CCI capability developed, the framework will be more flexible in quickly evolving markets. Genesis of the problem Also, an analysis of the CCI’s jurisprudence in some of the seminal cases is informative of the concerns of economic efficiency and fairness in the context of competition.

Keywords: Competition Act, 2002; mergers and acquisitions; Competition Commission of India; competition law, corporate growth; consumer protection