ROLE OF NCLT IN CORPORATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION

AUTHOR – PRITI PAL* & DR. JYOTI YADAV**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY

** PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – PRITI PAL & DR. JYOTI YADAV, ROLE OF NCLT IN CORPORATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 54-61, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/IJLRV6I48

Abstract

The establishment of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) under the Companies Act, 2013 represents a significant reform in India’s corporate dispute resolution mechanism. Designed as a specialized quasi-judicial body, NCLT consolidates the jurisdiction of various pre-existing forums to provide a unified, efficient, and time-bound platform for adjudication of corporate matters. This paper examines the role of NCLT in resolving key corporate disputes, including insolvency proceedings under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, cases of oppression and mismanagement, mergers and amalgamations, and winding-up processes.

The study critically evaluates the effectiveness of NCLT in ensuring speedy justice, strengthening corporate governance, and improving investor confidence in the Indian corporate sector. While the tribunal has significantly reduced procedural delays and multiplicity of litigation, it continues to face challenges such as increasing case backlog, infrastructural limitations, and procedural complexities. Through doctrinal analysis, this paper highlights both the achievements and limitations of NCLT and suggests reforms to enhance its efficiency and institutional capacity.

The research concludes that although NCLT has transformed the corporate dispute resolution landscape in India, continuous structural and procedural improvements are essential to fully realize its objective of delivering swift and effective justice

DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN INDIA

AUTHOR – APRAJITA RIZVI* & DR. JYOTI YADAV**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY

** PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – APRAJITA RIZVI  & DR. JYOTI YADAV, DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 46-53, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/IJLRV6I47

Abstract

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in India has undergone a significant transformation from a voluntary, philanthropy-driven practice to a structured and legally mandated framework under the Companies Act, 2013. This research paper explores the historical evolution of CSR in India, tracing its roots from traditional charitable activities of business houses to its integration into modern corporate governance. It further examines the statutory provisions governing CSR, particularly Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, along with the CSR Rules, 2014, which establish compliance requirements, monitoring mechanisms, and reporting obligations for eligible companies.

The paper critically analyzes the implementation of CSR initiatives across various sectors such as education, healthcare, environmental sustainability, and rural development, highlighting their contribution to socio-economic development. At the same time, it evaluates the practical challenges faced in execution, including issues of transparency, inadequate impact assessment, regional imbalances in fund allocation, and the tendency of corporations to treat CSR as a compliance requirement rather than a strategic responsibility.

Additionally, the study considers recent developments and amendments in CSR regulations, emphasizing enhanced accountability and the growing alignment of CSR activities with sustainable development goals (SDGs). Through a comprehensive analysis, the paper aims to assess the effectiveness of CSR as a tool for inclusive growth and suggests measures to strengthen its impact. It concludes that while India’s mandatory CSR regime is a progressive step, there is a need for a more impact-oriented, participatory, and transparent approach to fully realize its potential in achieving long-term sustainable development.

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SOPHIA RANI.R & ANNA JOHN

* STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF LAW, VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED STUDIES, PALLAVARAM, CHENNAI.

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF LAW, VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED STUDIES, PALLAVARAM, CHENNAI.

BEST CITATION – SOPHIA RANI.R & ANNA JOHN, A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 40-45, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/IJLRV6I46

ABSTRACT

Climate change is one of the major environmental issues in the world . Climate change is one of the environmental problems recognized from the twenty first century. In India ,impact of climate change increasing temperature, irregular rain fall,  increasing extreme weather event,it affecting agriculture ,water supply ,public health and every day work.Climate change affecting the health of  the animal ,bird and human also.There are mainly two types of climate change manmade and natural.Manmade  occur due to human activities like industrial revolution ,human emission ,deforestation and agricultural ,natural occurs due to flood ,irregular monsoons ,droughts etc.  it affecting the agriculture ,water resource ,health and economy in India .

     Due to the climate change issues more debate was going on in India ,the Government also taking various steps to reduce climate change  then also it was affecting the country more .The climate change affecting not only the present it is affecting the future generation also. So the government should take proper measures to reduce climate change .Because India has a large population and dependence on other ways it affects the rural and low income communities. At the same time India plays a crucial role in global climate action. Understanding  climate change  in India  is essential to protecting the ecosystem ,supporting sustainable development and safeguarding the livelihoods of the people.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JUVENILE LAWS – COMMON LAW COUNTRY  JUVENILE JUSTICE BOARD (INDIA) VS. YOUTH JUSTICE BOARD ( UK)

AUTHOR – S. SUMANTH MADHUSUDAN, LLM (CRIMINAL LAW) ,AMITY INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES,AMITY UNIVERSITY,NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH)

BEST CITATION – S. SUMANTH MADHUSUDAN, COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JUVENILE LAWS – COMMON LAW COUNTRY  JUVENILE JUSTICE BOARD (INDIA) VS. YOUTH JUSTICE BOARD ( UK), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 33-39, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The research paper presents a comparative analysis of the Juvenile justice system in India and UK which focuses on the Juvenile justice board under the Juvenile justice (care and protection of children) act 2015 and the youth justice board(YJB). India and the UK are both countries rooted in common law traditions with aim to balance child welfare with accountability and transparency but their institutional frameworks differ significantly.This paper gives a  theoretical understanding of the juvenile justice board in India which is regulated by the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 and the JJB operates as a quasi judicial body emphasizing not only upon the rehabilitation but the social integration and child friendly procedures. It also handles cases of children in conflict with law, sharing the protection of children rights which are provided under Indian Constitution. But the UK’s YJB functions as a supervisory and it monitors the youth, just a system which co-ordinate with local agencies rather than adjudicating cases. Basically the study highlights the differences in the Legal procedure and the structure and implementation between both the countries as how India adopts a well oriented and reformative approach whereas the UK follows a more structured, risk based and   administrative model the people overall conclude that integrating welfare principle with efficient governance could is strengthen Juvenile justice outcomes.

Keywords: Juvenile Justice,Juvenile Justice Board, Youth JusticeBoard,Child Rights

MOB LYNCHING IN INDIA:  LEGAL FRAMEWORK,  JUDICIAL RESPONSE AND THE NEED FOR REFORM

AUTHOR – LALHRUAIZELI HRAHSEL, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY,NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH

BEST CITATION – LALHRUAIZELI HRAHSEL, MOB LYNCHING IN INDIA:  LEGAL FRAMEWORK,  JUDICIAL RESPONSE AND THE NEED FOR REFORM-INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 28-32, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Mob Lynching defined as the act of groups inflicting violence or punishment upon a person outside the authority of law has emerged as a serious challenge to the administrative machinery of India. Prior to the enactment of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 such acts were prosecuted under several provisions of the Indian Penal Code. However, it did not contain a distinct provision specifically addressing mob lynching. This absence of a specific provision revealed a clear legal gap in addressing collective acts of mob violence. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 introduces Section 103(2), which prescribes punishment of death or life imprisonment where murder is committed by a group of five or more persons acting in concert. The Supreme Court in Tehseen S. Poonawalla v. Union of India issued preventive, remedial and punitive guidelines to curb incidents of mob violence and lynching. Despite these legal developments incidents of mob violence continue to occur, raising questions about effectiveness of the current legal framework. This paper examines the historical background of mob lynching in India analyzes the existing statutory framework and judicial responses and evaluates the continuing legal and institutional gaps. It further explores the constitutional implications of mob lynching and argues for the need for a comprehensive anti-lynching law to effectively prevent and address such crimes.

Keywords: Mob Lynching, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, Criminal Liability, Vigilantism, Criminal Liability.

LIFTING OF CORPORATE VEIL IN INDIA: JUDICIAL TRENDS AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES

AUTHOR – SAUMYA SINGH* & DR. RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW CAMPUS

**ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – SAUMYA SINGH & DR. RAJEEV KUMAR SINGH, LIFTING OF CORPORATE VEIL IN INDIA: JUDICIAL TRENDS AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 17-27, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI- https://doi.org/10.65393/IJLRV6I43

INTRODUCTION

The theoretical framework of corporate personality and the corporate veil forms the intellectual cornerstone for comprehending the nuanced doctrine of lifting the corporate veil in India, where abstract juridical constructs intersect with practical imperatives of justice and economic order. At its heart, this framework grapples with the profound fiction that breathes life into inanimate associations, elevating a company from a mere contractual pact among individuals to a sovereign legal entity endowed with rights, duties, and perpetual existence, all while the corporate veil drapes a protective shroud over its human architects to encourage bold commercial forays without the spectre of personal ruin. In the Indian context, this duality—personality as empowerment and veil as insulation—has evolved through a synthesis of transplanted English common law, indigenous statutory innovations, and judicial pragmatism, setting the stage for veil-lifting as a corrective scalpel when the fiction frays into farce, particularly amid contemporary pressures from globalized frauds, regulatory evasions, and insolvency machinations that test the limits of limited liability.

Delving into this edifice, corporate personality emerges not as a static dogma but a dynamic philosophical construct, debated through rival lenses that probe whether the corporation embodies a real entity, a bundle of rights, or a symbolic concession of state power, each theory furnishing rationales for when and why courts might rend the veil to restore accountability. Fiction theory, pioneered by scholars like Savigny, posits the company as an artificial personage imputed by legislative grace, capable of acting only through human proxies, which underscores the veil’s fragility when those proxies abuse their delegated mantle, as Indian tribunals have repeatedly affirmed in rulings piercing facades erected for tax arbitrage or labour dodges. Concession theory amplifies this by framing incorporation as a sovereign bargain, revocable upon betrayal of public trust, a notion resonant in India’s post liberalization era where SEBI and RBI wield statutory teeth to unmask shell entities in money laundering webs or FEMA violations, reflecting how theoretical underpinnings justify judicial incursions without dismantling the broader edifice of separate existence.

DATA PROTECTION, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CYBER SECURITY IN INDIA: LEGAL CHALLENGES IN THE DIGITAL AGE

AUTHOR – RANJANA* & DR. RANA PARVEEN**

* RESEARCH SCHOLAR, SCHOOL OF LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE, SHRI VENKATESHWARA UNIVERSITY, GAJRAULA, AMROHA

**RESEARCH SUPERVISOR, SCHOOL OF LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE, SHRI VENKATESHWARA UNIVERSITY, GAJRAULA, AMROHA

BEST CITATION – RANJANA & DR. RANA PARVEEN, DATA PROTECTION, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND CYBER SECURITY IN INDIA: LEGAL CHALLENGES IN THE DIGITAL AGE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 06-16, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The rapid digitization of the Indian economy has transformed the socio-legal fabric of the nation, necessitating a sophisticated legal architecture to govern the triad of data protection, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity. This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA), 2023, and its intersection with the existing Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000, and emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) regulations. It situates these legislative developments within the constitutional framework established by the landmark Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India verdict, which elevated privacy to a fundamental right. The analysis critically evaluates the shift from a security-centric IT regime to a developmental, consent-based privacy framework, highlighting the friction between individual autonomy and state surveillance. Furthermore, the report explores the “responsibility gap” in AI liability, the procedural conflicts between cybersecurity reporting directives and privacy breach notifications, and the potential erosion of transparency through amendments to the Right to Information (RTI) Act. By synthesizing primary legal sources, global comparative paradigms, and philosophical insights from Indian Knowledge Systems alongside literary critiques of the surveillance state, this study offers a nuanced perspective on the challenges of preserving human dignity in an increasingly automated and data-driven republic.

Keywords: Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) 2023; Artificial Intelligence Regulation; Cybersecurity; Right to Privacy; Justice K.S. Puttaswamy; Information Technology Act 2000; Data Protection Board of India; Algorithmic Bias; Surveillance State; Data Sovereignty

ACCESS TO ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN INDIA: EVALUATING THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL

AUTHOR – SARTHAK CHAUHAN* & DR. RATNESH KUMAR SRIVASTAVA**

* STUDENT AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN, INDIA

** PROFESSOR AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN, INDIA

BEST CITATION – SARTHAK CHAUHAN & DR. RATNESH KUMAR SRIVASTAVA, ACCESS TO ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN INDIA: EVALUATING THE ROLE OF THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 01-05, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This paper sinks into the nature of the reversal of environmental justice in India since the emergence of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) in 2010. The National Green Tribunal was established in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act of 2010 and is a wholly focused, fast-tracked platform on addressing the eco-conflicts and ensuring the implementation of environmental rights in fact. I deconstruct the NGT sitting, where the NGT fits in the court system, the new procedural actions it took and how well it is solid in sorting out the real-life green complaints. The paper also examines the application of sustainable development, precautionary principle and the polluter pays principle during its rulings. Although the tribunal is fairly progressive and has been bulking up environmental governance, it continues to grind its teeth on issues such as limits to jurisdiction and other discrepancies between the policy and practice besides the paucity of resources. I criticize such hitches and emphasize that we should come up with reforms that will improve the NGT in providing a genuine environmental justice.

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR FRACTIONAL OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY: EVALUATING SEBI’S RECENT AMENDMENT AND COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENT

AUTHOR – RADHIKA BADERIA, ADITYA PRATAP SINGH, AVIRAL SINGHAI & SHUBHAM SHARMA

STUDENTS AT NATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL

BEST CITATION – RADHIKA BADERIA, ADITYA PRATAP SINGH, AVIRAL SINGHAI & SHUBHAM SHARMA, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR FRACTIONAL OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY: EVALUATING SEBI’S RECENT AMENDMENT AND COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 1019-1030, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the concept of fractional ownership has gained significant traction as an alternative approach to property ownership or real estate investment. Fractional ownership allows individual investors to co-own commercial or residential properties as an alternative investment route. According to this concept, Properties are acquired through Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) or Fractional Ownership Platforms (FOPs), with investments typically directed towards pre-leased assets, ensuring monthly rental returns for investors. However, in India the concept of fractional ownership is regulated by various SEBI regulations and different legal frameworks. The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) had provided a regulatory framework for Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). It aims to protect the interests of buyers by ensuring transparency, fair practices, and timely delivery of projects. However, the focus of the regulatory framework always revolved around large REITs with minimum real estate assets of at least 500 Crore Rupees. Therefore, in order to regulate small enterprises offering FOPs, recently, SEBI has notified amendments to the REIT Regulations to introduce a framework for small and medium Real Estate Investment Trusts (SM REITs) on March 8, 2024. This research paper therefore, aims to explore the legal implications revolving around the concept of fractional ownership, and how does the recent SEBI amendments address the specific challenges faced by fractional ownership platforms along with the compliance requirements for SPVs and FOPs under the SEBI regulations and other relevant laws, lastly, whether these regulatory frameworks ensure investor protection and transparency in fractional ownership schemes?

KEY WORDS: Fractional Ownership, SEBI (Real Estate Investment Trusts) Regulations, 2014 (2024 Amendment Regulations).

THE EXTRATERRITORIAL QUANDARIES OF CYBER LAWS: A COMPARATIVE SCRUTINY OF ANTI-CYBER TERRORISM FRAMEWORK IN INDIA

AUTHOR – RITUPORNA DAS, LLM IN CYBER LAWS AND CYBER SECURITIES, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – RITUPORNA DAS, THE EXTRATERRITORIAL QUANDARIES OF CYBER LAWS: A COMPARATIVE SCRUTINY OF ANTI-CYBER TERRORISM FRAMEWORK IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (3) OF 2026, PG. 1009-1018, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/DVUV2669

ABSTRACT

The contemporary condition in the digital world has revolutionized the steps to communicate, to do commercial activities, and to govern the masses, while adding new, profound vulnerabilities to contend with. These vulnerabilities are the anchor for the cyber terrorists to threaten the public by creating distrust in the available digital systems and targeting the national security agencies and putting national sovereignty to the test every now and then. Cyber Terrorism refers to the tech-driven terrorism that clearly aims at destabilizing governments, disrupting the growth of economies, and threatening the security system of nations. This paper dwells on the evolution of the legal trajectory of India’s preparedness in dealing with the vulnerabilities of critical information systems’ protection and prevention from any terrorist attacks. It focuses on the legal framework of the IT law, which encapsulates the Information Technology Act 2000, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, the National Cyber Security Policy, 2013, and also compares the Indian Laws to the international frameworks like the Budapest Convention, Tallinn Manual, and the IT Regulations of the USA, the EU, and the UK.

Also this paper uses doctrinal and comparative methodology to analyse the entire situation and aims at identifying the gaps, dubieties, challenges, and conflicts among the Indian legal frameworks and the contemporary world. It also lays an emphasis on the urgent need for revolution in the sphere of the digital world through the newly proposed Digital India Bill, better incorporation of cyber laws in international diplomacy, and usage of advanced cyber forensics in the investigations. This paper concludes on the note that India’s techno-legal system is still in the stage of evolution and must transition into a preventive model to protect it from any possible cyber threat.

KEYWORDS: Cyber Terrorism, Cyber Security, Information Technology, Data Breaches, Digital India Bill