THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDIAN RETAIL ECOSYSTEM: IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON TRADITIONAL TRADE AND THE EMERGENCE OF A HYBRID ECONOMY

AUTHOR – ADITYA YADAV* & DR. ARVIND KUMAR SINGH**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** PROFESSOR OF LAW AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – ADITYA YADAV & DR. ARVIND KUMAR SINGH, THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE INDIAN RETAIL ECOSYSTEM: IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON TRADITIONAL TRADE AND THE EMERGENCE OF A HYBRID ECONOMY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 713-717, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THE INDIAN RETAIL SECTOR, a cornerstone of the national economy contributing over 10% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employing approximately 8% of the workforce, is navigating unprecedented structural recalibration.¹ Historically defined by small, family-owned kirana stores, the market is undergoing a decisive shift toward digital integration. As of 2024, the retail market reached US$1.06 trillion, with projections reaching US$1.93 trillion by 2030 at a CAGR of 10%.⁴ E-commerce has emerged as the primary catalyst, evolving from a niche urban convenience into a systemic force redefining consumption patterns across all geographical tiers.

Keywords

Indian Retail Sector, Traditional Retail / Kirana Stores,Quick Commerce (Q-commerce), Digital Transformation, Hybrid Economy, Retail Ecosystem, Consumer Behavior, Organized vs Unorganized Retail, Omnichannel / Unified Commerce

IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AMONG YOUTH

AUTHOR – ADITYA TRIPATHI* & DR. ARVIND KUMAR SINGH**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – ADITYA TRIPATHI & DR. ARVIND KUMAR SINGH, IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR AMONG YOUTH, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 706-712, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Social media marketing is an essential part of modern business strategy and plays an important role in influencing customer purchasing behavior, especially among the youth. The rapid emergence of digital media platforms such as Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram has changed the manner in which businesses promote their products. Young people spend a significant amount of time on social media platforms, and this influences their purchasing behaviour. The main aim of the study is to examine the effect of social media marketing on the buying decisions of the youth. The aim of the study is to comprehend the effect of social media on consumer preferences, brand awareness, and buying decisions. The study uses both primary and secondary data, and the research approach is descriptive in nature. While the study uses secondary data from books, journals, and research papers, the primary data is obtained from 100 respondents using a standardized questionnaire.

The findings from the study indicate that social media marketing has a substantial influence on young people’s buying decisions. Influencer marketing, reviews, and ads influence a majority of respondents who often use YouTube and Instagram. Purchase decisions are also largely affected by factors such as discounts, brand, and online interactions. The study indicates that social media marketing can attract young customers and improve a company’s growth.

Keywords: Social media marketing, youth, consumer buying behaviour, influencer marketing, brand awareness, purchase decision.

A STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION OF PAYMENT SYSTEMS: LEGAL AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES

AUTHOR – AKSHAYA R* & SHREYASHINI M**

* PROFESSOR AT VELS SCHOOL OF LAW

.** STUDENT AT VELS SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – AKSHAYA R* & SHREYASHINI M, A STUDY ON THE EVOLUTION OF PAYMENT SYSTEMS: LEGAL AND REGULATORY CHALLENGES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 689-693, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/IJLRV6I466

Introduction

Technology’s quick development has drastically changed the world’s financial scene, especially when it comes to payment methods. Digital and electronic payment systems, such as credit and debit cards, mobile wallets, cryptocurrencies, and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), have progressively supplanted traditional cash-based transactions. Increased internet usage, fintech developments, and the rising need for quick, safe, and practical payment methods have all contributed to this change. But the development of payment systems has also brought up a number of legal and regulatory issues that call for careful consideration and policy solutions.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA : ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE RISK MANAGEMENT FROM NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

AUTHOR – KM. PRIYANKA, STUDENT AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN

BEST CITATION – KM. PRIYANKA, DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA : ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE RISK MANAGEMENT FROM NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 679-688, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/IJLRV6I465

ABSTRACT

This study is grounded in a descriptive approach, analysis upon both Indian and International perspectives. Landslides typically occur in mountainous regions and geologically unstable areas their vulnerability is aggravated by environmental disturbance and human activities. Through an analysis of disaster management frameworks, historical contexts, conceptual definitions, legal aspects, and case studies. This research offers a comprehensive and interdisciplinary perspective on landslide disaster. The study describe traditional Indian environment concerns upon Vedic perspectives as well as Manu and Kautilya  alongside historical International tools and strategies for landslide prevention developed by nations such as China and Japan. To assistance a through understanding of landslides, the related process of Weathering Mass Wasting, Erosion are concisely explained. The section on Indian legal aspects incorporates Constitutional provisions, the Disaster Management Act 2005, environmental sachems, delegated powers and the latest updated provisions of  Disaster Management Amendment Act 2025. Regarding International legal aspects, global mechanism such as UN International Conferences, United Charter, Kyoto Protocol, UNESCO initiative, Sustainable development frameworks are utilized to explain and compare approaches to landslide risk management. Furthermore, the study involves a comparative analysis of case studies from both Indian and the International arena, aiming to identify common underlying factors contributing to landslide vulnerability. This research designate that while the natural hazards associated with landslide disasters cannot be wiped out. It is crucial at both National and International  levels to merge traditional wisdom with scientific methodologies and essential disaster management frameworks to achieve sustainable development.

KEY WORDS – Sustainable Development, 2. Environment, 3. Global Disasters, 4. Vulnerability, 5. Landslide Risk.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MARKETS UNDER SECURITIES LAW

AUTHOR – YOGESH* & MRUTYUNJAY SARAMANDAL**

STUDENTA AT HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, RAIPUR

BEST CITATION – YOGESH & MRUTYUNJAY SARAMANDAL, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MARKETS UNDER SECURITIES LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 672-678, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/IJLRV6I464

Abstract

In India, primary and secondary securities markets are major institutions in terms of capital formation and successive trading activities. This paper is a critical analysis of regulatory framework that is set under the SEBI Act, 1992, the SCRA, 1956 and Companies Act, 2013. Using a doctrinal methodological approach, the paper assesses the overall contribution of disclosure requirements, market conduct rules and enforcement in creating efficient capital formation and securities market operation.

Disclosure requirements are the major type of investor protection in the primary market, comprising a prospectus liability, due diligence by those acting in the middle of the transaction, and regulatory oversight to the extent that the market is able to address information asymmetry at the point of issue. The secondary market, on the other hand, is more dependent on surveillance and enforcement mechanisms that focus on the prohibition of insider trading, manipulation of markets, and the effectiveness of institutional market infrastructure including exchanges, clearing corporations and depositories.

The paper concludes that the Indian securities market is normatively, but operationally, conditional. This leads to the necessity of balanced reforms to align disclosure standards, improve real-time surveillance provisions, and better redressal of grievances by investors.

Keywords: Primary Market; Secondary Market; Disclosure Obligations; Insider Trading; Investor Protection; Regulatory Enforcement

RESARCH PAPER ON GLOBALISATION IS A THREAT TO DATA PRIVACY

AUTHOR – NAINSI JAISWAL* & PROF. TAPAN CHANDOLA**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – NAINSI JAISWAL & PROF. TAPAN CHANDOLA, RESARCH PAPER ON GLOBALISATION IS A THREAT TO DATA PRIVACY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 660-671, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The structural threat of individual data privacy posed by globalization Due to the promotion of digital technology.and the movement of data across various national boundaries is one that requires strict academic consideration. This paper argues that the structural design of globalization systematically has undermined privacy protection in three intersecting processes. To begin with, the economic paradigm of surveillance capitalism that transnational businesses follow views personal information as a raw material that creates an imbalance of power, which essentially negates the informed user consent. Secondly, the fragmentation of national regulating systems promotes arbitrage of jurisdiction, in which actors take advantage of the differences in laws by using jurisdictions with less stringent protective laws, thus creating a regulatory race to the bottom. Thirdly, the incompatibility of the borderless character of data with the concepts of territorial data sovereignty leads to disjunctive implementation and a legal ambiguity that follows. This paper has identified that the European Union, in its GDPR policy and India, in its Digital Personal Data Protection Act (2023) policy are all necessary, but are still reactive and geographically delimited, thus failing to curtail the pervasive role played by globalized data processing. Finally, privacy must be preserved, which means that the paradigm shift is a better global collaboration, the unification of international standards, and providing corporations with strong accountability measures, which will result in the benefits of a connected world not being at the expense of fundamental human rights.

Keywords: Globalization, Data Privacy, Surveillance capitalism, Jurisdictional Arbitrage, Data Sovereignty, GDPR.

ESG DISCLOSURES, BRSR CORE AND INVESTOR PROTECTION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK

AUTHOR – MR. MRUTYUNJAY SARAMANDAL* & MR. YOGESH YADAV**

STUDENTS AT HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, RAIPUR

BEST CITATION – MR. MRUTYUNJAY SARAMANDAL* & MR. YOGESH YADAV, ESG DISCLOSURES, BRSR CORE AND INVESTOR PROTECTION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 651-659, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344. DOI – https://doi.org/10.65393/IJLRV6I462

ABSTRACT

This paper undertakes a critical study of the statutory and regulatory framework in the Security Law domain, namely, the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) of SEBI while keeping investor protection as the core concern. After tracing the evolution of ESG right from CSR and pre-CSR times to mandatory disclosures in the securities domain along side a systematic comparative study with the respective frameworks of the European Union and the United States. The paper highlights noticeable structural challenges such as scale differences among the players and the undue advantage vested upon the issuers who are more aware and educated about the Environmental, Social and Governance disclosure. For recommendations, it proposes calibration in the assurance standards, use of easy and interactive language for reporting and disclosures along with targeted practices such as sectoral materiality guidance and digital tagging for interoperability. The conclusion advocates for adoption of an approach that balances transparency with practicability to protect investors from any possible jeopardization.

KEYWORDS: ESG Disclosure, BRSR Core, Investor Protection, Sustainable Finance

NORMATIVE TENSIONS IN DATA PROTECTION: PRIVACY RIGHGTS VERSUS STATE EXEMPTIONS UNDER GDPR AND DPDP Act,2023

AUTHOR – NIVEDITA SINGH * & (DR) ANUPRIYA YADAV**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL LUCKNOW, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – NIVEDITA SINGH  & (DR) ANUPRIYA YADAV, NORMATIVE TENSIONS IN DATA PROTECTION: PRIVACY RIGHGTS VERSUS STATE EXEMPTIONS UNDER GDPR AND DPDP Act,2023, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 640-650, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The growth of worlds has made personal data very valuable. This raises concerns about keeping our personal info private and how much power the government should have. This paper looks at the conflict between our right to privacy and the governments exceptions in data protection laws. It compares the European Unions General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Indias Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 (DPDP Act). The GDPR is based on giving individuals rights and has limits on government interference. On the hand the DPDP Act gives the government a lot of freedom to decide what is best for national security and public order. This paper checks if the DPDP Act protects our right to privacy as stated in the Justice K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India case. It finds that Indias framework is a start but might not protect our privacy well because it has many exceptions and not enough safeguards. The study ends with suggestions to make Indias data protection laws better and more in line with standards while keeping our democracy accountable. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) and data protection are key, to this. We need to ensure that the DPDP Act protects our privacy.

KEYWORDS: GDPR, DPDP Act, Executive Discretion, State Exemptions, Constitutional Law

THE DIGITAL ECHO: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VOICE CLONING AND PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN MUSIC INDUSTRY

AUTHOR – KHUSHAL PANDEY, FIRST YEAR, NATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL.

BEST CITATION – KHUSHAL PANDEY, THE DIGITAL ECHO: A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE VOICE CLONING AND PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN THE INDIAN MUSIC INDUSTRY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 630-639, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Artificial intelligence voice cloning technology has created an acute crisis for the Indian music industry. Platforms employing Real Voice Cloning and generative AI techniques now synthesise new performances in the voices of India’s most celebrated playback singers without consent, compensation, or legal authority. This article analyses the adequacy of India’s existing legal framework, comprising the Copyright Act 1957, the Information Technology Act 2000, the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, and the constitutionally recognised right to privacy, in responding to this phenomenon. The article examines the landmark trilogy of cases decided between 2024 and 2026: Arijit Singh v Codible Ventures LLP (Bombay High Court, 2024), Asha Bhosle v Mayk Inc (Bombay High Court, 2025), and Jubin Nautiyal v Unidentified Defendants (Delhi High Court, 2026), and traces the doctrinal lineage from which they descend. It argues that whilst Indian courts have responded with commendable creativity, fashioning injunctions that also extend to the Metaverse, imposing platform liability, and implicating government ministries in enforcement, judge-made law is an insufficient architecture for a systemic challenge. The article concludes with five concrete legislative and regulatory recommendations for a comprehensive statutory framework that protects artistic voices whilst preserving the legitimate development of artificial intelligence technology.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence; Voice Cloning; Personality Rights; Performers’ Rights; Copyright Act 1957; Right of Publicity; Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023

“CODIFICATION OF PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES IN INDIA AN EVALUATIVE STUDY”

AUTHOR – SAKSHI ANDHARE, STUDENT AT DECCAN EDUCATION SOCIETY’S SHRI. NAVALMAL FIRODIA LAW COLLEGE, SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY, PUNE

BEST CITATION – SAKSHI ANDHARE, “CODIFICATION OF PARLIAMENTARY PRIVILEGES IN INDIA AN EVALUATIVE STUDY”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 622-629, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Parliamentary privileges safeguard legislative independence but their uncodified nature in India raises concerns over ambiguity and misuse. Codifying these privileges can bridge the gap between legislative authority and citizens’ rights in a modern democracy.  The concept of parliamentary privileges, rooted in British constitutional practices, was adopted in India post-independence. Article 105 of the Indian Constitution grants privileges to Parliament and its members but leaves them largely undefined, relying on conventions and judicial interpretations. Over the years, courts have played a pivotal role in shaping the understanding of these privileges, yet their uncodified status has often led to conflicts between the legislature, judiciary, and public.In India, parliamentary privileges remain uncodified, leading to debates over their scope and misuse. While these privileges are intended to ensure legislative independence, their ambiguous nature has led to controversies, including allegations of overreach and suppression of dissent. Codification is increasingly seen as a way to provide clarity, prevent misuse, and balance the rights of citizens with legislative autonomy.The study evaluates the need for codifying parliamentary privileges to address the ambiguities arising from their undefined nature. Codification would enhance transparency, accountability, and democratic balance by establishing clear boundaries and ensuring their consistent application. The lack of codification creates uncertainty, leading to potential misuse of privileges, conflicts with other constitutional authorities, and a lack of accountability to the public. This research seeks to evaluate whether codification can resolve these issues without compromising legislative independence.Codifying parliamentary privileges in India ensures clarity and accountability but may limit legislative discretion.Reforms could include drafting a comprehensive legal framework for privileges, promoting transparency, involving public consultations, and establishing mechanisms to address misuse while safeguarding legislative independence.This research aims to critically evaluate the need for codification of parliamentary privileges in India, analyzing its historical evolution, current challenges, and implications for democracy. It also seeks to propose actionable reforms to enhance accountability, transparency, and legal clarity while preserving the essence of legislative independence.

KEYWORDS: Parliamentary Privileges, Codification, Legislative Independence, Transparency, Accountability