THE POSH ACT OF 2013 – SAFEGUARDING WOMEN AT WORK

AUTHOR – MANALI POKHARNA, STUDENT AT M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – MANALI POKHARNA, THE POSH ACT OF 2013 – SAFEGUARDING WOMEN AT WORK, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 67-70, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6).

ABSTRACT

Workplace harassment stays a critical problem that influences a worker’s well-being and productiveness. The POSH Act, 2013 was introduced to offer a felony framework for preventing and addressing sexual harassment at workplaces in India. While the Act mandates the established order of Internal Complaints Committees (ICCs) and gives procedure for handling the issues and complaints, but demanding situations persist in its powerful implementation. This study into the subject delves into the important provisions of the Act, examines its impact and effectiveness, and highlights regions desiring development and current gaps in implementation, necessary steps to make sure safer work environments for women.

KEYWORDS – POSH Act, workplace harassment, sexual harassment laws, corporate compliance, corporate governance, women’s rights, workplace safety, workplace ethics, harassment prevention, labour laws, legal redressal mechanisms

WOMEN’S RIGHTS TO FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE : LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

AUTHOR – DR. MAHENDRAKUMAR S. YADAV, IN-CHARGE PRINCIPAL AT M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – DR. MAHENDRAKUMAR S. YADAV, WOMEN’S RIGHTS TO FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE : LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 63-66, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6).

ABSTRACT

Financial independence is a critical aspect of women’s empowerment and gender equality. Despite significant legal and economic advancements, women continue to face challenges in achieving financial autonomy due to ingrained societal norms, limited access to resources, and workplace discrimination. This research paper examines the legal frameworks that support women’s financial independence, including equal pay, property rights, and workplace protections. It also explores the economic factors such as participation in the workforce, entrepreneurship, and financial literacy. Despite progress, barriers like gender pay gaps, lack of awareness about rights, and societal pressures persist. The paper discusses the solutions needed to overcome these challenges, such as strengthening legal enforcement, expanding financial inclusion, and promoting skill development. In conclusion, financial independence for women is essential for achieving gender equality and fostering social and economic development.

Key Words: Economic Empowerment, Financial Literacy, Financial Literacy and Investment, Gender Equality, Legal Rights of Women, Women’s Economic Security, Women’s Financial Independence

WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW

AUTHOR – MAITREYEE KASHYAP, STUDENT AT M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – MAITREYEE KASHYAP, WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS IN INDIA: AN OVERVIEW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 59-62, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

Abstract

Women’s rights have been a significant subject of legal reform and social progress in India. Over the years, legislative and judicial measures have been taken to ensure gender equality, protection from discrimination, and the empowerment of women in various spheres. India has diverse personal laws governing marriage and family matters, depending on religious affiliations. The Indian Constitution lays the foundation for gender equality. Legal protections for women against violence exist at national and international levels. To safeguard their rights and ensure justice, many countries have specific laws addressing domestic violence, sexual harassment, human trafficking, and other forms of abuse. India has made significant progress in advancing women’s rights through legal reforms. However, challenges remain in the effective implementation of these laws due to social norms, lack of awareness, and enforcement gaps. Many women still face discrimination, violence, and economic inequality despite legal protections. To ensure real change, there is a need for stronger enforcement, awareness campaigns, and gender-sensitive policies.

Keywords: Women’s rights, Constitutional and legal provisions, gender equality, gender justice, women empowerment

WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP: BARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS

AUTHOR – SNEHA HITENDRA SONI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – SNEHA HITENDRA SONI, WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP: BARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 55-58, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

Although there has been progress in achieving gender equality, women continue to be underrepresented in leadership roles across different fields. This research paper investigates the ongoing obstacles that impede women’s progress in leadership and looks into effective methods for addressing these issues. Major challenges include gender stereotypes, unconscious bias, difficulties in balancing work and personal life, limited access to mentorship and professional networks, unequal pay, and insufficient representation in senior leadership positions. The study examines the role of organizational policies, societal norms, and structural inequalities in perpetuating these barriers. It also assesses potential solutions such as inclusive leadership practices, mentorship initiatives, family-friendly workplace policies, pay equity efforts, and greater representation of women in leadership roles. By showcasing best practices and successful examples, this research emphasizes the need for systemic change to promote gender diversity and inclusion. The findings contribute to the ongoing conversation about gender equity and offer practical recommendations for organizations, policymakers, and individuals dedicated to enhancing women’s leadership opportunities.

Key Words: Women, Leadership, Inequalities, Effective and Bias.

BRIDGING THE GAP: PROTECTION OFFICERS AND THEIR IMPACT UNDER INDIA’S DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005

AUTHOR – HIYA PARESH CHAUHAN, STUDENT AT MKES COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – HIYA PARESH CHAUHAN, BRIDGING THE GAP: PROTECTION OFFICERS AND THEIR IMPACT UNDER INDIA’S DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ACT, 2005, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 51-54, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, is very vital legislation in India for the protection of women from domestic violence. The article attempts to examine the role of Protection Officers under the Act. Protection Officers act as a bridge between the victim and the law, they facilitate access to justice and supportive services. They conduct assessments, provide emotional support, and initiate legal actions for the protection and well-being of the victims. In this article, the role of Protection Officers in enforcing the Act and preventing domestic violence in India is emphasized, with an exhaustive discussion of their functions.

Keywords: Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, Domestic violence, Protection Officers, Victims, Legal action, Supportive services, Access to justice, Prevention, Enforcement.

EQUALITY OF STATUS OF WOMEN IN INDIA

AUTHOR – AMISH ANANT, STUDENT AT M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – AMISH ANANT, EQUALITY OF STATUS OF WOMEN IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 47-50, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

To awaken the people, it is women who must be awakened; once she is on the move, the village move and the nation move. The issue of gender equality and the status of women has been one of the most important discussions in India for centuries. The Indian Constitution guarantees equality to women through a variety of provisions, which are aimed at ensuring that women are treated with dignity, respect, and fairness. Article 14 establishes the principle of equality before the law, guaranteeing equal legal protection for all individuals, including women. Article 15 prohibits any form of discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Article 42 mandates the state to create fair and humane working conditions, including maternity benefits, addressing the specific needs of women in the workforce. Article 51A calls upon Indian citizens to reject practices that undermine the dignity of women, promoting respect and equality in society. The status of women in India has significantly progressed since the nation gained independence. Legal initiatives, forward-thinking policies, and increased social consciousness have played vital roles in raising women’s status in the country.

Keywords: Gender Equality, Women’s Rights, Constitutional Provisions, Legal Reforms, Education for Women, Women Empowerment,

ROLE OF FAMILY COURT IN RESOLVING WOMEN’S LEGAL ISSUES

AUTHOR – RINKAL CHIRAG TRIVEDI, HEAD CLERK AT M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – RINKAL CHIRAG TRIVEDI, ROLE OF FAMILY COURT IN RESOLVING WOMEN’S LEGAL ISSUES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 45-46, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

The family court serves an essential function in tackling and resolving legal challenges encountered by women, especially concerning marriage, divorce, child custody, domestic violence, and property rights. By offering a dedicated judicial environment, family courts guarantee prompt and considerate resolution of conflicts while taking into account the distinct socio-legal difficulties faced by women. Additionally, these courts promote alternative dispute resolution methods, including mediation and counselling, to encourage peaceful settlements. This paper examines the importance of family courts in protecting women’s rights, the obstacles they confront, and the reforms necessary to improve their efficacy in administering justice.

Keywords – Family court, women’s legal rights, divorce, child custody, domestic violence, property rights, mediation, legal justice, gender equality, alternative dispute resolution.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE POSH ACT ON WORKPLACE CULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – MS. BASANTI DEVI NEGI* & DR. RAZIA CHAUHAN**

RESEARCH SCHOLAR* & ASSISTANT PROFESSOR**, SCHOOL OF LAW, SHARDA UNIVERSITY.

BEST CITATION – MS. BASANTI DEVI NEGI & DR. RAZIA CHAUHAN, EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF THE POSH ACT ON WORKPLACE CULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 39-44, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

Abstract:

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act), marked a major shift in India’s approach to preventing and addressing sexual harassment at work. It built on the foundation laid by the Vishakha Guidelines (1997), expanding upon the legal framework and introducing more concrete provisions. The POSH Act aims to offer women protection from all forms of sexual harassment in the workplace, creating a more structured and comprehensive system for prevention, prohibition, and redressal. A detailed analysis of the POSH Act’s effectiveness /impact requires exploring several critical factors. By examining the legislative journey from the Vishakha Guidelines to the enactment of the POSH Act and its subsequent enforcement, this study explores the evolution of legal frameworks and institutional mechanisms aimed at safeguarding employees’ rights and ensuring a conducive work environment. Drawing on empirical data, case studies, and stakeholder perspectives, the paper assesses the implementation, compliance, and enforcement of the POSH Act, highlighting both successes and challenges encountered in its execution. Furthermore, it examines the impact of the POSH Act on work culture of the organization, employee attitudes, and the prevalence of sexual harassment incidents.

Keywords: Sexual Harassment, Public Policy, Vishakha Guidelines, Organizational culture

THE IMPACT OF LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION

AUTHOR – MISS. SHWETA DILIP BHONDAVE, ADVOCATE & LLM SCHOLAR AT DECCAN EDUCATION SOCIETY’S  SHRI NAVALMAL LAW COLLEGE, PUNE

BEST CITATION – MISS. SHWETA DILIP BHONDAVE, A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE DARK WEB: GLOBAL AND INDIAN PERSPECTIVES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 677-691, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Chapter I

Introduction:

Legislative drafting is a specialized skill that involves the formulation and preparation of laws and regulations by legislative bodies. It is a crucial process in the development of legal frameworks that govern societies, providing the foundation for orderly governance and the protection of individual rights.^[1] The art of legislative drafting requires precision, clarity, and foresight to ensure that laws are effective, enforceable, and stand up to legal scrutiny.

At its core, legislative drafting involves translating policy objectives and principles into clear and unambiguous legal language. This process requires a deep understanding of legal principles, the legislative context, and the socio-economic landscape in which the laws will operate. The drafter must navigate intricate legal concepts, consider potential loopholes, and anticipate how the law will be interpreted and applied in practice.^[2]

The resulting legislative texts can take various forms, including statutes, regulations, ordinances, and other legal instruments. Effective legislative drafting not only articulates the intentions of lawmakers but also provides a stable and adaptable framework that can stand the test of time. ^[3]Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in fostering transparency, accountability, and the rule of law within a society. Legislative drafters often collaborate with policymakers, legal experts, and stakeholders to ensure that the proposed laws align with societal needs and values. This collaborative approach helps in crafting legislation that is not only legally sound but also responsive to the dynamic challenges of the contemporary world.^[4]

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[1] DraftingPrinciples_August2013.pdf | last seen on 13/02/2024

[2] ibid

[3] The role of legislative drafters in determining the content of norms justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/csj-sjc/ilp-pji/norm/index.html | last seen on 13/02/2024

[4] ibid

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA, UK AND USA

AUTHOR – ARNAV KAUSHIK, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – ARNAV KAUSHIK, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA, UK AND USA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 669-676, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Labour laws have always been a subject of discussion all around the world. The Indian labour laws are very different from the labour laws in other countries. India’s labour laws, heavily influenced by colonial-era regulations, emphasize worker welfare but can be complex due to numerous statutes and varying state laws. In contrast, the UK operates under a more unified legislative framework, with a strong focus on employee rights such as fair wages, health and safety, and working hours, regulated primarily by the Employment Rights Act and the Health and Safety at Work Act. The USA follows a decentralized approach where federal and state laws interact, offering essential protections under the Fair Labour Standards Act and Occupational Safety and Health Act, but with fewer guaranteed worker protections compared to the UK and India.

This research paper aims at comparing how minimum wages affect the lower end of the working class, the review period for the minimum wages, relation of minimum wages to inflation, age related minimum wage rates, minimum wage rate and cost of living, across India, UK, and USA. This comparative analysis also examines labour laws in India, the UK, and the USA, focusing on key differences and similarities in employment rights, workplace standards, and dispute resolution.

While all three countries aim to protect worker rights, the extent and approach vary significantly. These differences highlight each country’s unique socio-economic context and legal traditions, underscoring the challenges of achieving uniform labour standards globally.

Keywords: Wages, Working Hours, Labour Laws, Minimum Wage, Uniform Labour Standards, Workplace Standards