LEGAL INTERPRETATION OF THE NDPS ACT: ANALYZING THE ROLE OF THE JUDICIARY IN DRUG CONTROL

AUTHOR – RANJANA RAJASRI R, ADVOCATE AND INDEPENDENT AUTHOR. Email – ranjanarajasri22@gmail.com

BEST CITATION – RANJANA RAJASRI R, LEGAL INTERPRETATION OF THE NDPS ACT: ANALYZING THE ROLE OF THE JUDICIARY IN DRUG CONTROL, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 749-764, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

SYNOPSIS

With an emphasis on how the court has influenced the application of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985 through legislative provisions, case law, and judicial interpretation, this article examines the role of the judiciary in its implementation and interpretation. One important piece of legislation in India that aims to curb drug misuse, trafficking, and associated crimes is the NDPS Act. But in terms of enforcement, interpreting the law, and striking a balance between punishment and rehabilitation, its implementation has been fraught with difficulties. The role of the judiciary in interpreting these provisions is critically examined, focusing on how courts have balanced strict legal provisions with the need for a human-centric approach to drug addiction, rehabilitation, and the protection of individual rights.

This article examines how judicial judgments have affected the execution of the NDPS Act, notably in situations concerning the rights of the accused, the role of law enforcement, and the implementation of rehabilitative measures. The obstacles that the judiciary faces in guaranteeing justice while implementing the requirements of the NDPS Act are discussed, including mandatory punishment, the limits of judicial discretion, and the necessity for more targeted legislative revisions.

KEYWORDS: NDPS Act, Judicial Interpretation, Drug Abuse, Judiciary role, Legal Provisions and Rehabilitation

LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS: EVALUATING AFSPA’S ROLE IN MANIPUR

AUTHORS – HIJAM ROSHAN SINGH¹ & DR. S. JAMES²

¹ PHD RESEARCH SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE & STRATEGIC STUDIES, MANIPUR INTRANATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR-795140, INDIA

² PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE & STRATEGIC STUDIES, MANIPUR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR-795140, INDIA

BEST CITATION – HIJAM ROSHAN SINGH & DR. S. JAMES, LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF COUNTERINSURGENCY OPERATIONS: EVALUATING AFSPA’S ROLE IN MANIPUR, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 743-748, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) has remained a contentious legal instrument in India, particularly in insurgency-affected regions like Manipur. While the Act provides sweeping powers to the armed forces for maintaining public order, it has raised serious concerns regarding human rights violations, legal accountability, and ethical governance. This paper examines the constitutional validity, legal framework, and ethical dilemmas surrounding AFSPA in Manipur, analyzing its impact on rule of law, civilian rights, and counterinsurgency efficacy.¹ By exploring judicial interpretations, case studies, and international legal perspectives, the study highlights the complex interplay between national security imperatives and fundamental rights. The findings suggest that a balanced approach, incorporating accountability mechanisms and human rights safeguards, is necessary for effective counterinsurgency strategies without compromising democratic principles. This research critically evaluates how AFSPA’s provisions create a framework that often prioritizes state security over civil liberties, leading to a culture of impunity among armed personnel. Through an analysis of contemporary case studies and legal precedents, the study highlights the tensions between constitutional protections and the extraordinary measures enacted in the name of national security. Additionally, it examines the implications of these dynamics on local communities, the judicial system, and the broader pursuit of peace and stability in the region. Ultimately, this evaluation seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on necessary reforms to ensure that counterinsurgency efforts respect fundamental rights while effectively addressing security challenges.

Keywords: AFSPA, Counterinsurgency, Human Rights, Legal Framework, Rule of Law, National Security.

JUSTICE TO VICTIMS OF CRIME: AN ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF THE STATE AND COMMUNITY IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

AUTHOR – DR. RAJENDRAKUMAR HITTANAGI, IQAC COORDINATOR AND SR. GR. ASST.PROF. AT KARNATAKA STATE LAW UNIVERSITY, HUBBALLI

BEST CITATION – DR. RAJENDRAKUMAR HITTANAGI, JUSTICE TO VICTIMS OF CRIME: AN ANALYSIS OF ROLE OF THE STATE AND COMMUNITY IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 736-742, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

The State, community and parties to crime have prominent role to play in the administration of criminal justice system. Hitherto the criminal justice system was more concerned with punishing the offender. Fortunately, the focus is shifting towards meeting the needs of victims of crime also. A state, community and an offender are all having an obligation to fulfill the loss suffered by a victim of crime. Roles of State and community in ensuring justice to victims of crime have to be properly analyzed. Theme of this paper is to explore as to how state and community have to use their potential to ensure justice to victim of crime. Family group conferencing is one method that has been tried in some western countries to realize justice for victim of crime. India has been experimenting with community based dispute settlement mechanism which makes sure that the demands of victim are met and the feeling of victim of being ignored is minimized to certain extent. This paper attempts to critically analyze role the state and community can play in ensuring justice to victims of crime in India.       

Keywords: criminal justice system, victim of crime, State, Community, compensation

ECONOMIC COSTS OF VIOLENCE ON WOMEN- SOME THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS

AUTHOR -ABHIJIT SRINIVAS UDAY CHELLURU, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, N S RAJU INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DAKAMARRI, VISAKHAPATNAM ANDHRA PRADESH

BEST CITATION – ABHIJIT SRINIVAS UDAY CHELLURU, ECONOMIC COSTS OF VIOLENCE ON WOMEN- SOME THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 725-735, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

 It is indeed quite disheartening to observe that violence against women is merely being viewed as a family problem for the individuals and with a deviation of society within cause in a patriarchal society. VAW is not only an infringement of human dignity and rights but it is also a major economic problem that hinders the development and expansion of communities. In this respect, the economic effects of violence against women are extensive, penetrating at individual and family levels, at the level of communities, and in the long run, nations as well. Such complexity exists from the outset when considering the economic burden which falls upon the victims of domestic violence and other gender-based violence. Economic costs of such violence are always positive in a sense that they demonstrate how it is infectious to every sphere of life and the extent to which it permeates into people’s lives although the lessons of great significance for developing strategies for countering it apply.

Key words: Violence against women, international law, person’s, interdependence, economic cost

ANALYZING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE GIG ECONOMY ON TRADITIONAL EMPLOYMENT SECTORS, WAGE STRUCTURES, AND OVERALL ECONOMIC GROWTH

AUTHOR – APOORVA GANESH JOSHI, STUDENT AT D.E.S.NAVALMAL FIRODIA COLLEGE, PUNE

BEST CITATION – APOORVA GANESH JOSHI, ANALYZING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE GIG ECONOMY ON TRADITIONAL EMPLOYMENT SECTORS, WAGE STRUCTURES, AND OVERALL ECONOMIC GROWTH, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 717-724, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract:

“In an era where flexible work arrangements are increasingly prevalent, the gig economy emerges as a transformative force reshaping traditional employment paradigms.” The ascent of gig work mirrors technological advancements and shifting workforce preferences, challenging established labour models and economic structures. Currently, the gig economy significantly influences conventional employment sectors, wage frameworks, and overall economic growth, presenting both opportunities and challenges. The flexibility and autonomy offered by gig work attract a diverse workforce, while concerns regarding job security, benefits, and income stability persist. Analyzing the economic impact of the gig economy involves examining its effects on employment patterns, wage dynamics, and productivity metrics. There is a need for a comprehensive evaluation of how gig work affects traditional labour markets and economic indicators. This analysis aims to assess the benefits and drawbacks of gig work, considering factors such as productivity gains, employment opportunities, and the absence of worker protections. Recent trends suggest that the gig economy contributes to economic flexibility and innovation, yet also raises questions about labour rights and income inequality. Potential reforms should focus on integrating gig work into existing economic frameworks, ensuring fair compensation, and extending essential protections to gig workers. This research endeavor seeks to provide insights into the economic implications of the gig economy, offering practical recommendations to balance flexibility with security in the evolving labour market.”

Keywords: Gig economy, Traditional employment, Wage structures, Economic growth, Worker protections, Flexibility, Job security, Income stability.

ENRICHING THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) THROUGH OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SAFETY, AND LABOUR STANDARDS: A PATHWAY TO DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

AUTHOR – SUBASHRIE B, LLM SCHOLAR AT THE TAMIL NADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – SUBASHRIE B, ENRICHING THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) THROUGH OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SAFETY, AND LABOUR STANDARDS: A PATHWAY TO DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 706-715, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The concept of sustainable development has marked a footprint in the national development of the country in various fields.   The phrase “sustainable development” itself connotes to development pertaining all fields.  The SDG goals aim for the development in all fields through the 17 goals.  The SDG goal particular in relevance to Occupational Safety and Health, labour standards has been interconnected, related to each other paving way for the economic development.  The concept of Sustainable development is helpful in achieving a target without compromising the needs of the future generations.  The caryatids are also the backbone i.e, the economic, social and environment.  The Labour rights, standards, occupational health and safety is linked to the capability(capacity) of workers to work.  Further the factors such as workers participation in management, non-discrimination, worker freedom all these factors enhance the economic development which further accelerates the SDGs.  The maxim “Sublata causa, tollitur effectus” meaning the cause being removed, the effect ceases likewise the causing necessity factors of labour should be regularly enhanced  to achieve more productivity.  By strengthening OHS measures and labour standards, industries can not only improve worker well-being but also contribute to a more sustainable and equitable global economy. The emphasizes is that urgent need for multi-stakeholder collaboration in creating safe, fair, and sustainable workplaces that drive long-term economic prosperity while safeguarding human and environmental health.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS ON ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR

AUTHOR – PALLAVI RAJ, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – PALLAVI RAJ, EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REFORMS ON ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING COMPLIANCE IN THE BANKING SECTOR, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 700-705, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This paper systematically investigates the linkages between corporate governance reform and anti-money laundering (AML) compliance among banks. Given the rise to a more sophisticated financial crime environment, banking institutions are facing immense pressure on enhancing their anti-money laundering (AML) frameworks. Corporate governance reforms, which are enforced via statutory regulations as well as internal governance mechanisms, have been playing an important role in improving AML compliance. The study reports systematically on the impact of these reforms in engendering a strong Culture of Compliance, achieving transparency, improving risk management processes and for accountability mechanisms within banks. Classifying relevant case law, regulatory changes and recent empirical data through a lens of similar policy implementations overseas provides contrast to highlight the considerable obstacles with limited success in enacting corporate governance reforms within AML. Additionally, it offers suggestions for how to strengthen the connection between corporate governance and compliance requirements.

Keywords: Corporate Governance, Anti-Money Laundering Compliance, Risk Management, Regulatory Framework, Accountability and Transparency.

WOMEN IN PANCHAYATI RAJ: LEADING FROM THE FRONT OR CONTROLLED FROM THE SHADOWS?

AUTHOR – SUHANI SINGH & DRISHTI BALAJI SONKER, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – SUHANI SINGH & DRISHTI BALAJI SONKER, WOMEN IN PANCHAYATI RAJ: LEADING FROM THE FRONT OR CONTROLLED FROM THE SHADOWS?, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 692-699, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The research paper titled “Women in Panchayati Raj: Leading from the Front or Controlled from the Shadows?” critically examines the role and challenges of women in India’s decentralized governance system. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 mandated a minimum reservation of one-third of seats for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) to promote grassroots democracy and gender equity. However, while this legal framework has increased female political representation, it has not necessarily translated into effective leadership due to deep-rooted patriarchal structures.

The study highlights that many women in PRIs function as mere figureheads, with their decision-making powers often usurped by male relatives—commonly referred to as Sarpanch Patis (husband proxies). Societal biases, lack of political training, and limited financial independence further impede women’s leadership. The paper presents real-life success stories of women leaders who have defied these odds, such as Chhavi Rajawat and Rajani Kothari, who have driven social change through education, sanitation, and economic empowerment initiatives.

Despite these successes, numerous systemic challenges persist, including proxy leadership, limited participation in decision-making, and economic and educational barriers. To counter these issues, the research suggests strengthening legal frameworks, enforcing strict anti-proxy laws, implementing leadership training, and enhancing financial support for women in PRIs. Additionally, the study advocates for greater male sensitization, digital literacy initiatives, and grievance redressal mechanisms to empower women leaders effectively.

The paper concludes that while legislative measures have laid the foundation for women’s political empowerment, genuine leadership requires a shift in societal attitudes, comprehensive training programs, and active enforcement of legal provisions. Transforming Panchayati Raj into a truly inclusive system necessitates dismantling patriarchal control and fostering an environment where women can exercise autonomy in governance.

Keywords – Women Empowerment, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Gender Equality, Proxy Leadership, Sarpanch Pati, Grassroots Governance, Political Participation, Decentralization, Patriarchy, Women Leadership, Rural Development, Gender Bias.

THE ROLE OF FAMILY COURTS IN INDIA: A PILLAR OF JUSTICE IN FAMILY DISPUTES

AUTHOR – DHWANI VRAJESH VYAS, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SMT. KAMALABEN GAMBHIRCHAND SHAH LAW SCHOOL AND ALUMINI OF M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – DHWANI VRAJESH VYAS, THE ROLE OF FAMILY COURTS IN INDIA: A PILLAR OF JUSTICE IN FAMILY DISPUTES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 92-95, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

ABSTRACT

Family is the foundation of Indian society, and maintaining harmony within families is crucial for social stability. The Family Courts Act, 1984, was enacted to establish family courts across India to handle family-related disputes efficiently and amicably. The role of family courts is not just to enforce laws but also to promote reconciliation, counselling, and mediation, ensuring that disputes are resolved in a less adversarial manner. Family courts have exclusive jurisdiction over various matters related to marriage, family, and child welfare. These courts function under the Family Courts Act, 1984, which empowers them to handle. Family courts have the power to summon parties, examine witnesses, appoint counsellors, and enforce judgments in family disputes. They function with less rigid procedural rules to provide an environment conducive to reconciliation and justice. By addressing family disputes with empathy, efficiency, and fairness, family courts uphold the principles of justice, equality, and social welfare in India’s legal system.

Key Words: Family Court, Family, The Family Courts Act, 1984, reconciliation, counselling, mediation

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN CHAMPIONING WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – HIMANI KAUSHIK, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT M.K.E.S COLLEGE OF LAW

BEST CITATION – HIMANI KAUSHIK, NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR WOMEN CHAMPIONING WOMEN’S RIGHTS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (3) OF 2025, PG. 90-91, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

THIS ARTICLE IS PUBLISHED IN THE COLLABORATED SPECIAL ISSUE OF M.K.E.S. COLLEGE OF LAW AND THE INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EDUCATION (ILE), TITLED “WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND LEGAL REFORMS” (ISBN: 978-81-968842-4-6). .

Abstract

The National Commission for Women is a statutory body in India dedicated to safeguarding and promoting the rights and welfare of women. The NCW was constituted on January 31, 1992, in response to the growing concerns about gender discrimination, violence against women, and inadequate legal protection. The NCW plays a crucial role in addressing various issues concerning women’s welfare. The commission investigates complaints related to domestic violence, sexual harassment, dowry, and other crimes against women. It has the authority to summon individuals and request official reports in such cases. The NCW organizes awareness campaigns, workshops, and legal literacy programs to educate women about their rights and legal protections. The National Commission for Women has been instrumental in advocating for women’s rights and ensuring justice for them. However, to enhance its effectiveness, it needs greater authority, better funding, and stronger enforcement mechanisms.

Key words: National Commission for Women, Safeguarding Women’s Rights, Role of National Commission for Women, gender justice, women empowerment