DEFICIENCIES IN THE INDIAN LAND REVENUE SYSTEM AND INEFFICIENCIES IN THE LAND APPROVAL PROCESSES

AUTHOR – V YASH JAIN, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – V YASH JAIN, DEFICIENCIES IN THE INDIAN LAND REVENUE SYSTEM AND INEFFICIENCIES IN THE LAND APPROVAL PROCESSES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 961-968, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

INTRODUCTION

Land is one of the most critical resources for any economy, serving as a foundational element for various sectors, including agriculture, industry, housing, and infrastructure development. In India, where nearly half of the population relies on agriculture for their livelihood, the importance of land extends beyond mere economic value. It holds profound cultural, historical, and social significance, acting as a source of identity and community for millions. Land is often intertwined with traditions, livelihoods, and even spiritual beliefs, making it a key element in the fabric of Indian society.

Despite its vital role, the Indian land revenue system has been fraught with deficiencies that hinder effective land governance and management. This system is responsible for collecting revenue from landowners, maintaining land records, and ensuring equitable access to land resources. However, the framework that governs land revenue is outdated, often characterized by archaic laws, inefficient processes, and bureaucratic red tape. Many states still rely on colonial-era regulations that fail to reflect the realities of modern land use and ownership, resulting in a disconnect between legal frameworks and ground realities.

A STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA – A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

AUTHOR – P. GODHAWARI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT VELS SCHOOL OF LAW, CHENNAI. EMAIL ID: godhawariperumal1997@gmail.com

BEST CITATION – P. GODHAWARI, A STUDY ON EVOLUTION OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN INDIA – A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 955-960, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

                The concept of corporate governance encompasses the rules, regulations, and practices that guide the administration and control of corporations, ensuring transparency, fairness, and accountability in interactions with stakeholders such as shareholders, employees, and regulators. A strong corporate governance framework promotes economic stability, protects shareholder interests, and boosts investor confidence. In India, corporate governance has evolved significantly due to economic reforms, regulatory changes, and global best practices. Initially hindered by government-controlled industries and family-owned businesses, India’s corporate governance system was reformed after the 1991 economic liberalization, necessitating stronger governance mechanisms to enhance transparency and credibility in the newly opened markets. In this article, we are going to know the evolution of corporate governance in India by analysing the Companies Act, 2013, SEBI and other regulatory bodies rules.

“ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI INTEGRATION IN LEGAL PRACTICE: A STUDY”

AUTHOR – MS. TANISHKA SHARMA, STUDENT AT SVKM’S NMIMS NAVI MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – MS. TANISHKA SHARMA, “ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AI INTEGRATION IN LEGAL PRACTICE: A STUDY”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 945-954, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the legal field presents both unprecedented opportunities and many ethical challenges, especially because of the lack of a regulatory framework. This paper explores the implications of AI on Attorney- Client privilege, examining whether AI systems are bound by the same legal repercussions and protections as human lawyers, particularly in the context of confidentiality. The one question that arises when it comes to AI is that whether AI is bound by the same code of ethics as human attorneys or not, this paper explores that aspect as well and also on who should be held liable in case of violation of these ethics. It is essential to look into that aspect as well to determine the accountability and liability of both lawyers and AI model. In this fast-paced world where technology is rapidly taking over it is essential to clarify the responsibilities and liabilities associated with AI adoption. Lastly, the paper also delves into ethical and legal imperatives for AI in this rapidly evolving technological world.

 It is essential to develop a regulatory framework that ensures responsible AI integration, especially as AI is slowly yet surely becoming integral to legal practice as well. This paper aims to provide proper insights to the complex interplay between AI and legal ethics. Ultimately this research aims to provide a better understanding of implication of AI in Integration in legal practice. It also endeavours to provide better insights on responsible integration of AI to uphold the integrity of the profession and to protect the interest of clients.

Keywords- Attorney-client privilege, confidentiality, AI, ethics

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW, STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MECHANISMS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – PUNARVA U, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BANGALORE

BEST CITATION – PUNARVA U, INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW, STATE RESPONSIBILITY AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MECHANISMS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 938-944, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This study critically explores the idea of state responsibility within the context of international human rights law and evaluates the efficiency of international legal mechanisms for accountability. It delves into the historical growth of state accountability, and assesses the role of key international organizations, such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the International Criminal Court (ICC), and regional human rights organizations, in holding states accountable for human rights breaches. The study focuses on the limitations of international legal systems in holding states accountable for human rights violations, emphasizing the need for deeper institutional reforms and political commitment to improve enforcement. By analyzing recent case studies and judicial decisions, the paper demonstrates both the strengths and limitations of existing legal systems for addressing state violations of international responsibilities.  It further explores how individuals have increasingly become direct enforcers of human rights principles as legal frameworks evolve. By highlighting flaws in the current system, this study emphasizes the need for a stronger and universally applicable mechanism for maintaining state accountability in international legal order. The study finishes by asking for enhanced global cooperation, judicial independence, and the establishment of stronger accountability systems to ensure that human rights protections are not undercut by political considerations.

Keywords: Accountability Mechanisms, International Human Rights Law, International Legal Enforcement, Sovereignty Challenges, State Responsibility.

IMPACT OF CYBER SECURITY LEGISLATIONS IN INDIA ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SCIENCES

AUTHOR – AYUSH AVINASH DAVE, STUDENT AT CHRIST (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – AYUSH AVINASH DAVE, IMPACT OF CYBER SECURITY LEGISLATIONS IN INDIA ON VARIOUS ASPECTS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SCIENCES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 930-937, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

AUTHOR

The emergence of the digital era has fundamentally reshaped the very fabric of the society, leading to a paradigm shift in the commission of illicit actions. This transformation includes how people shift and carry out unlawful actions within this technologically enriched milieu. The Information Technology Act (IT), 2000 serves as the cornerstone and provides a legal infrastructure in molding the terrain of criminal investigations and justice with the rise of the digital era. Further, it outlines the violations and provides a sturdy framework for the legal pursuit of cybercrimes. The IT Act is responsible for examining the wide landscape of legal definitions, investigation procedures, data protection and further provides a legal backbone in order to deal with cybercrimes. However, in the dynamic evolution of this legislation to mitigate emerging cyber threats, a simultaneous surfacing of challenge ensues. At the present moment cyber security and criminology lack collaboration which leads to 2 major challenges. Firstly, Cross border cybercrime prosecution presents challenges to international collaboration. Cybersecurity regulations play a crucial role in fostering global partnerships to counter cross-border cyber threats. This is particularly vital in criminal science due to the international nature of cybercrime, by necessitating coordinated efforts in an interconnected world. The second issue involves the ethical aspects of safeguarding data and addressing privacy concerns. This includes balancing cybersecurity imperatives with individual rights, the consequences for victim protection and general ethical issues within the criminal science framework. This paper focuses on providing nuanced study on the growing relationship between cybersecurity laws and criminal sciences by addressing the inherent challenges posed by the transnational scope of cybercrimes while also simultaneously understanding how legal frameworks that protect victims fall short, failing to consistently succeed and how it can be further improved by introducing effective changes and provisions to the law in India.

Keywords: Data protection, cyber security, IT, investigation.

GLOBAL SYNERGIES AND LOCAL REALITIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT

AUTHOR – MUDIL AGRAWAL, STUDENT AT CHRIST DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY, BENGALURU

BEST CITATION – MUDIL AGRAWAL, GLOBAL SYNERGIES AND LOCAL REALITIES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 919-929, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) play a crucial role in the global economy, in promoting growth, creativity, and providing competitive advantage for international companies. In India, a country with a thriving economy and a positive investment environment, cross-border M&As present great possibilities along with complicated obstacles. This research article explores the contrast between worldwide collaborations and domestic circumstances in India, offering a thorough evaluation of international M&A transactions that influence the country’s economy.
India’s attractiveness for cross-border M&As is highlighted by its varied market, expanding middle class, and important position as a global technology centre. Yet, the complexities are increased by legal and regulatory hurdles in India, cultural disparities, and post-merger integration complications. This research examines the operational, financial, and strategic advantages that these deals offer Indian and multinational companies, while also evaluating the specific challenges that arise in the Indian setting.
By thoroughly examining key research and industry information, this article spotlights the main factors propelling and impeding India’s cross-border M&A activity. It emphasizes the impact of Indian policies on foreign investments and how regulatory frameworks affect M&A activities. In conclusion, this study stresses the significance of harmonizing international business strategies with India’s distinctive domestic factors and highlights the responsibility of policymakers and business executives in utilizing the impactful possibilities of cross-border M&As for lasting development.

Key words: 1. Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As), 2. Regulatory Framework, 3. Foreign Investment, 4. Post-merger Integration, 5. Economic Growth

IMPACT OF ONLINE DEFAMATION DEPEND ON SOCIAL MEDIA

AUTHOR – MR. MD JIYAUDDIN & DR. SUNITA BANERJEE, ASSISTANT PROFESSORS OF LAW, VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR. SAGUNTHALA R&D INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

BEST CITATION – MR. MD JIYAUDDIN & DR. SUNITA BANERJEE, IMPACT OF ONLINE DEFAMATION DEPEND ON SOCIAL MEDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 912-918, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The internet has transformed the basic right to freedom of speech and expression by acting as a worldwide computer network. In the days before the internet, it was a luxury for very few people to write an essay, book, or poetry and have it published. That time period prevented the masses from using their right to free speech and expression in its fullest sense. In contrast, the internet serves as a worldwide platform for communication. In front of a worldwide audience, it offers its netizens countless chances and forms of expression. The worldwide platform for the basic right to freedom of speech and expression is incredibly democratic and incredibly user-friendly. The internet’s important properties of anonymity and invisibility encourage speech and expression without fear. The internet can be used and abused just as effectively as it can be used as a communication and expression medium. Defamation is the deliberate dissemination of false information that damages another person’s reputation or good name, whether by writing or public speech. Defamation encompasses the common law torts of slander, which involves spoken comments, and libel, which involves written or printed claims. It is noteworthy that slander and libel may both be perpetrated online.

Keywords: Right to freedom of speech and expression, Democratic, Reputation, Dissemination and Defamation.

PERSONAL LAWS, MAINTENANCE AND MEN: A CORRELATION AND IMPACT OF UCC

AUTHOR – SALONI SANJEEV GULHANE, STUDENT AT CHRIST UNIVERSITY, BANGALORE

BEST CITATION – SALONI SANJEEV GULHANE, PERSONAL LAWS, MAINTENANCE AND MEN: A CORRELATION AND IMPACT OF UCC, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 904-911, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Personal Laws of different communities have been a governing factor for various subject matters like adoption, inheritance and succession for years. These are derived from traditions and beliefs that have been passed down for generations. One such subject matter is maintenance. Different communities each have uncodified or codified laws regarding the grant of interim maintenance and alimony. The right to receive maintenance is granted under the secular civil code for all citizens of India as a whole under Section 125 of the Cr.P.C^[1]. However, the additional provisions of maintenance under communities makes it possible for the wife to seek maintenance under an additional legally recognized provision.

With multiple provisions to claim maintenance under, the husband paying the sum under different laws would be obligated to pay and would likely be overburdened. And this would act as a form of gender injustice.

The issue of the overlapping jurisdiction has been deliberated over in many cases, one of them being the landmark case, Rajnesh vs Neha^[2] which has set down various guidelines for the grant of maintenance. There is also a sense of gender bias that is seen among these laws where one such statute, The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (HMA) allows for alimony to men, while the other personal laws limit their ambit to only women. In India, the practice of women paying for the maintenance of women has not been a prevalent practice and only in the recent few years has this been practiced as can be seen in cases like Rani Sethi vs Sunil Sethi^[3]

In this paper, I will be analyzing the background of maintenance laws and why they came to be as gender specific as they present to be and what has changed in terms of today’s scenario. What will also be assessed is whether with the advent of the UCC there will be a possibility for a better maintenance law which governs maintenance without hampering gender justice.

Keywords: Maintenance, wife, husband, overlapping jurisdictions, unified procedure.

---

[1] Code of Criminal Procedure,1973

[2] Rajnesh v. Neha, (2021) 2 SCC 324 [Rajnesh]

[3]  Rani Sethi v. Sunil Sethi 179 (2011) DLT 414

GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN INDIA: STRENGTHENING LEGAL PROTECTION AND EMPOWERING RURAL COMMUNITIES

AUTHOR – AKANKSHA RANA, LLM SCHOLAR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – AKANKSHA RANA, GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN INDIA: STRENGTHENING LEGAL PROTECTION AND EMPOWERING RURAL COMMUNITIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 898-903, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

 Geographical Indications prove to be a very important measure to protect the individual identity of regional goods at the same time as boosting economic growth and, in the process, improving rural development. This paper critically assesses the legal framework for the protection of GIs in India and their impact on rural communities. The research shall bring out the role that GI plays in creating wealth while maintaining indigenous knowledge and cultural heritage, and increasing the standard of living of the rural producers, farmers, and craftsmen. It also unearths competitive benefits that GIs bring back function both in the internal markets and at a global level, in addition to making for economic empowerment and sustainable development. It is a study on the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999, evaluating its effectiveness to go ahead and protect products that have a GI tag, matching it with other international agreements like TRIPS. While checking the GI protection and enforcement challenges, the research also includes problems relating to the weak level of awareness on the part of the rural producers and the unauthorized entity carrying out exploitation using GI products. It compares the approach used in other global systems of GI protection, especially that of the European Union, to make recommendations for the best practices which India can adopt. In Darjeeling Tea, Pochampally Ikat, and Madhubani Paintings: A Case Study of Successful GI Products, this dissertation tries to review the socio-economic benefits accruing from the process of GI registration. Results will be presented herein to show that although GIs are known to have immense benefits, their potential still remains under-utilized due to poor implementation and no proper marketing strategy. In the end, it suggests some recommendations on polices for improving the laws of GIs, increasing awareness within the rural communities, and mechanisms to enforce the same

Keywords: Geographical Indications, rural development, intellectual property, economic empowerment, legal framework.

THE EVOLVING LANDSCAPE OF CYBER SECURITY THREATS

AUTHOR – VAISHNAVI SHUKLA, STUDENT AT KES J.P LAW COLLEGE

BEST CITATION – VAISHNAVI SHUKLA, THE EVOLVING LANDSCAPE OF CYBER SECURTIY THREATS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (1) OF 2025, PG. 888-897, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract:

This paper aims to educate both academics and non-tech-savvy individuals about the link between electronic gadgets like the internet and human rights. It highlights the anonymity of the internet, which allows misuse and cybercrime. Cybercrime involves crimes related to computers, such as espionage and cyber warfare. Digital signatures are used for software distribution and financial transactions, and are used in cases of forgery. The Indian Parliament passed the Information Technology Act 2000, which defines offences and penalties. The World Summit on the Information Society (W.S.I.S) Declaration of principles focuses on human rights in the digital age.The evolving landscape of cybersecurity threats presents significant challenges for individuals, organizations, and governments worldwide. This paper examines the dynamic nature of cyber threats, highlighting the increasing sophistication and frequency of attacks driven by technological advancements and the proliferation of digital devices. Key areas of focus include the rise of ransomware, advanced persistent threats (APTs), and the exploitation of vulnerabilities in emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI).The research underscores the critical role of human factors in cybersecurity, emphasizing the need for comprehensive training and awareness programs to mitigate risks associated with social engineering and insider threats. Furthermore, the paper explores the effectiveness of current defense mechanisms, including threat intelligence sharing, machine learning algorithms, and zero-trust architectures, while advocating for a proactive and adaptive cybersecurity posture. By analyzing trends and case studies, this study aims to provide insights into the future of cybersecurity, urging stakeholders to collaborate and innovate in response to the ever-evolving threat landscape. Ultimately, the findings underscore the necessity for a holistic approach to cybersecurity that integrates technology, policy, and human behavior to safeguard against emerging threats.

Keywords: human rights, cyber space, cyber crimes, intellectual property rights, hacking.