THE IMPACT OF PLEA BARGAINING ON THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ROLE IN MODERN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

AUTHOR – R.PRIYANKA, FACULTY OF LAW, DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE OF LAW, TNDALU, CHENNAI.

BEST CITATION – R.PRIYANKA, THE IMPACT OF PLEA BARGAINING ON THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ROLE IN MODERN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 478-491, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

                Plea bargaining is a widely practiced mechanism in modern criminal justice systems, allowing defendants to negotiate reduced charges or lighter sentences in exchange for a guilty plea. While it promotes judicial efficiency by reducing caseloads and expediting proceedings, it raises critical concerns regarding the right to a fair trial. This paper critically examines the implications of plea bargaining on justice, particularly its potential to undermine fundamental legal protections. A key issue is the coercive nature of plea deals, which may pressure defendants especially those with limited resources—into admitting guilt, even when evidence against them is weak. This can result in wrongful convictions and erode public confidence in the legal system. Additionally, plea bargaining shifts power from impartial courts to prosecutors, who wield significant influence in determining case outcomes. This imbalance can exacerbate systemic inequalities, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities.  Despite its drawbacks, plea bargaining remains an essential tool in criminal justice, alleviating court congestion and ensuring swifter resolutions. However, the practice must be carefully regulated to prevent abuse and safeguard defendants’ rights. Reforms such as enhanced judicial oversight, transparency in negotiations, and access to competent legal representation can help strike a balance between efficiency and fairness. Ultimately, while plea bargaining serves a practical role in modern legal systems, its impact on fair trial rights necessitates a critical reassessment. Ensuring that efficiency does not come at the expense of justice is crucial in maintaining the integrity and fairness of the legal process. 

KEY WORDS: Coercion in Plea Deals, Court Congestion, Systemic Inequality, Legal Representation, Judicial Oversight, Transparency in Negotiations.

THE NEW HORIZONS OF MATERNITY BENEFITS IN INDIA: IT’S IMPACT ON THE EMPLOYABILITY OF WOMEN WORKERS

AUTHOR – HARINI.P, STUDENT AT THE TAMIL NADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – HARINI.P, THE NEW HORIZONS OF MATERNITY BENEFITS IN INDIA: IT’S IMPACT ON THE EMPLOYABILITY OF WOMEN WORKERS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 471-477, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

In a progressive society, it has been slowly acknowledged that women, alongside men, play a crucial role in the country’s prosperity and in improving the standard of living. There has been evidence of significant change in the status of women through their increasing participation in the labour market, although the focus on their social protection and social security remains uncertain and inadequate. The common phenomenon behind this societal mindset is the view of women as housewives, caregivers, mothers, and secondary contributors to household tasks. However, the time has arrived to transform this traditional societal view. The government of India, to promote gender neutrality, has enacted several laws that provide employment benefits such as wage advantages, improved working conditions, maternity benefits, and social security. Maternity benefits serve as facilitators that are believed to cultivate an environment that helps enhance a woman worker’s ability to balance work and family responsibilities.

KEY WORDS – Social Security, Maternity, Informal/Formal Sector, Social Safety Net, Social Justice, Welfare State.

THE IMPACT OF PLEA BARGAINING ON THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ROLE IN MODERN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

AUTHOR – R.PRIYANKA, FACULTY OF LAW, DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE OF LAW, TNDALU, CHENNAI.

BEST CITATION – R.PRIYANKA, THE IMPACT OF PLEA BARGAINING ON THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ITS ROLE IN MODERN CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 457-470, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

                Plea bargaining is a widely practiced mechanism in modern criminal justice systems, allowing defendants to negotiate reduced charges or lighter sentences in exchange for a guilty plea. While it promotes judicial efficiency by reducing caseloads and expediting proceedings, it raises critical concerns regarding the right to a fair trial. This paper critically examines the implications of plea bargaining on justice, particularly its potential to undermine fundamental legal protections. A key issue is the coercive nature of plea deals, which may pressure defendants especially those with limited resources—into admitting guilt, even when evidence against them is weak. This can result in wrongful convictions and erode public confidence in the legal system. Additionally, plea bargaining shifts power from impartial courts to prosecutors, who wield significant influence in determining case outcomes. This imbalance can exacerbate systemic inequalities, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities.  Despite its drawbacks, plea bargaining remains an essential tool in criminal justice, alleviating court congestion and ensuring swifter resolutions. However, the practice must be carefully regulated to prevent abuse and safeguard defendants’ rights. Reforms such as enhanced judicial oversight, transparency in negotiations, and access to competent legal representation can help strike a balance between efficiency and fairness. Ultimately, while plea bargaining serves a practical role in modern legal systems, its impact on fair trial rights necessitates a critical reassessment. Ensuring that efficiency does not come at the expense of justice is crucial in maintaining the integrity and fairness of the legal process. 

KEY WORDS: Coercion in Plea Deals, Court Congestion, Systemic Inequality, Legal Representation, Judicial Oversight, Transparency in Negotiations.

IMPACT OF CULTURE ON LEGAL DISCOURSES

AUTHOR – ISHANSH AWASTHI, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – ISHANSH AWASTHI, IMPACT OF CULTURE ON LEGAL DISCOURSES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 450-456, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Laws are standardized set of behavior that applies to everyone equally. If one interprets the law only in academic terms, it becomes jargon and semantics of justice. This issue occurs when the law just has a practical component without taking into consideration the theoretical component, it becomes limited to a verbal exercise or “language game” that is used by law enforcing agencies to exploit such nature of law, Given the importance of effective communication in the legal profess ion, especially when working in global settings: A lot of legal jargon and ideas are exclusive to a particular legal system and culture. They might not translate literally because they lack exact equivalents in other languages. It is imperative that legal professionals have the knowledge and skills that are most useful for their jobs but at the same time they should be willing to consider the socio-cultural aspects of society to ensure the very nature of law, i.e. minimum government and maximum governance. Fundamental practice of social inclusion has more emphasis on community peace in their legal systems and cultures that place a higher priority on individual rights and a legal system to recognize personal autonomy of an individual. Some cultures may have distinct meanings or legal ramifications of certain terms which are misunderstood while adopting foreign law in a domestic country. Changing legal trends, historical occurrences, societal movements, and philosophical concepts all influence how legal systems change over time. To properly translate legal materials, translators must be aware of their intellectual and historical foundations. Legal systems often reflect the moral and ethical values of a society. These values can be deeply ingrained in the language of the law, making it challenging to translate legal concepts without losing their ethical weight. Keywords: Religious law, social hierarchy, Indigenous Legal Practices, International Intervention, miscarriage of justice.

Keywords: Rivalry, Refugees, Historical, International Intervention, Territories

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HUMAN RESOURCES RECRUITMENT: TRANSFORMING THE HIRING PROCESS

AUTHORS – KRITHIKA RAJASEKARAN* & DR. S. MARUTHAVIJAYAN**
*STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, TAMILNADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY. EMAIL: KRITHIKARAJASEKARAN8@GMAIL.COM

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, TAMILNADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY. EMAIL – MARUDHU.LAWYER@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – KRITHIKA RAJASEKARAN & DR. S. MARUTHAVIJAYAN, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HUMAN RESOURCES RECRUITMENT: TRANSFORMING THE HIRING PROCESS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 444-449, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various industries, and the Human Resources (HR) recruitment process is no exception. AI-driven tools and techniques are transforming traditional hiring methods, improving efficiency, reducing biases, and enhancing candidate experience. The integration of AI in HR recruitment allows for automated resume screening, chatbots for candidate interactions, and predictive analytics for improved hiring decisions. Despite its advantages, AI poses challenges such as potential biases in algorithms, concerns regarding data privacy, and a lack of transparency. The ability of AI to enhance the recruitment process is undeniable, but organizations must also focus on mitigating its risks and ethical concerns. This paper explores the implementation of AI in recruitment, evaluates its benefits and limitations, and discusses ethical considerations and future implications for HR professionals.

TRADEMARK LAW AND COUNTERFEITING

AUTHOR – SHUBHANGI CHHONKER, LLM (INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY) SCHOLAR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA, UP

BEST CITATION – SHUBHANGI CHHONKER, TRADEMARK LAW AND COUNTERFEITING, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 428-443, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This research study examines the critical interplay between trademark law and counterfeiting, underscoring their profound implications for intellectual property rights, economic stability, and consumer safety. Trademarks, vital for distinguishing goods and services, have evolved from ancient symbols to legally protected assets under frameworks like India’s Trademarks Act, 1999, fostering brand integrity and trust. However, counterfeiting, a global industry valued at $464 billion in 2019, per OECD data, and projected to reach $1.79 trillion by 2030 according to Corsearch, threatens this ecosystem. It spans luxury items, pharmaceuticals, and everyday goods, causing financial losses, reputational damage, and health risks, often linked to organized crime. The study traces the historical development of trademarks and counterfeiting, highlighting their escalation with industrialization and technology. In India, while the 1999 Act addresses infringement, its lack of a specific counterfeiting clause and enforcement gaps limit effectiveness. Globally, challenges include jurisdictional disparities and e-commerce anonymity. Drawing from cases like Mondelez v. Neeraj, the paper reveals judicial efforts to protect trademarks, yet systemic issues persist. It advocates for stronger laws, technologies like blockchain, international cooperation, and consumer education to combat counterfeiting’s growth. This multifaceted approach is essential to safeguard trademarks, curb economic harm, and ensure consumer confidence in an interconnected marketplace.

Keywords: Intellectual property, Trademark, Counterfeiting, Brand reputation, E-commerce, Industrialization, Well-known trademarks, Consumer trust

LEGAL LIABILITY FOR WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES

AUTHOR – NANDITHA, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, CHENNAI, TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY.

BEST CITATION – NANDITHA, LEGAL LIABILITY FOR WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 419-427, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

        This study aims to clarify the term “accident arising out of and in the course of employment” as defined in Section 3(l) of the Workmen’s Compensation Act of 1923, which serves as the basis for compensable injuries. Within the context of social security legislation, this research assesses legislative provisions, judicial decisions, and other legal resources regarding their impact on addressing societal needs and requirements. Furthermore, the ongoing discussion examines whether injuries sustained by employees during their commutes to and from work fall within the definitions of “arise out of” and “in the course of” employment as articulated in workmen’s compensation laws. This research project, titled “A Detailed Study of Employer Liability and Worker Rights under the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923,” has been conducted using descriptive, interpretative, analytical, and comparative legal analysis methodologies.

Keywords: workplace accidents, injuries, legal liability, employer liability, employee rights, Workers’ Compensation Act, employer liability during employment.

CHANGING THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM WITH THE USE OF DIGITAL MONEY

AUTHOR – HIMANSY SINGH, STUDENT AT UNITEDWORLD SCHOOL OF LAW, KARNAVATI UNIVERSITY. EMAIL: HIMANSYSINGH1234@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – HIMANSY SINGH, CHANGING THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM WITH THE USE OF DIGITAL MONEY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 406-418, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The digitization of money has revolutionized the financial system, introducing new forms of currency, decentralized finance, and blockchain technology. This paper explores the impact of these developments on the global financial system, including the emergence of digital currencies, the shift to decentralized finance, and the potential risks and benefits associated with these changes. The study examines the changing dynamics of the financial system, the role of blockchain technology, and the need for new regulatory frameworks to address the challenges and opportunities presented by digitization. The findings suggest that the digitization of money has the potential to increase efficiency, security, and accessibility in the financial system, but also raises concerns about volatility, security risks, and regulatory ambiguity. The paper concludes that a more robust and stable global financial system will require a coordinated approach to regulation, oversight, and innovation.

Keywords: Digitization of money, global financial system, decentralized finance, blockchain technology, regulatory frameworks, financial stability.

FREEDOM OF RELIGION IN INDIA: A LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

AUTHOR – SHRADHA YADAV* & ASHOK DOBHAL**,

* STUDENT AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – SHRADHA YADAV & ASHOK DOBHAL, FREEDOM OF RELIGION IN INDIA: A LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWOR, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 397-405, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

“In this study, we investigate the intricate legal structure that the Indian government has in place to protect religious liberty. Despite the fact that the Indian Constitution recognises the right to religious freedom as a basic right, the implementation and interpretation of these articles have undergone considerable changes as a result of legislative actions and judicial declarations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the constitutional provisions, anti-conversion legislation at the state level, judicial interpretations, and contemporary obstacles to religious freedom in India. According to the findings of the study, there is a conflict between individual religious liberties and state interests in regulating religious activities that are perceived to be in violation of public order, health, and morality. This conflict persists despite the fact that the constitution provides substantial protections for religious freedom. Following the findings of the research, it is concluded that India’s approach to religious freedom represents a delicate balance between plurality and secularism. This delicate balance is something that continues to be fought and negotiated via legislative measures and judicial scrutiny.”

Keywords: Religious freedom, Indian Constitution, Anti-conversion laws, Secularism, Fundamental rights

REGULATION OF ONLINE CONTENT PLATFORMS IN INDIA: BALANCING FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND REGULATION

AUTHOR – E.A.VIDHYABHARATHI, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW AT KMC COLLEGE OF LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – E.A.VIDHYABHARATHI, REGULATION OF ONLINE CONTENT PLATFORMS IN INDIA: BALANCING FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND REGULATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (4) OF 2025, PG. 385-396, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT:

The regulation of online content platforms in India has become increasingly urgent amidst the rapid expansion of digital media. The introduction of the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021, signifies a pivotal step in addressing prevalent concerns such as misinformation, hate speech, and user privacy within the digital realm. These regulations aim to delicately balance the protection of freedom of speech with the imperative for accountability in managing online content. However, their implementation has sparked vigorous debates and raised critical questions about their potential impact on broader freedoms of expression in the digital age.

Central to this regulatory framework is the Information Technology Act, 2000, which underwent amendments to incorporate the comprehensive IT Rules, 2021. These rules impose substantial responsibilities on intermediaries, including social media platforms and digital media publishers. The Supreme Court’s rulings have consistently upheld the fundamental right to freedom of speech and expression while acknowledging the state’s authority to impose reasonable restrictions in the interest of public order, morality, and national security.

Despite the intended benefits of the IT Rules, 2021, their implementation has encountered multifaceted challenges. Critics argue that stringent content moderation requirements could inadvertently suppress diverse viewpoints and dissenting opinions on online platforms, potentially leading to censorship and stifling innovation. Moreover, smaller intermediaries and start-ups face significant hurdles in complying with the intricate regulatory framework, posing operational complexities and financial burdens. There is a growing consensus among stakeholders for clearer guidelines, transparent decision-making processes, and robust mechanisms for accountability to prevent potential misuse of regulatory powers. In navigating these challenges, India must prioritize transparency, stakeholder engagement, and continuous dialogue to ensure that its regulatory framework promotes responsible online behaviour while upholding fundamental rights in the digital age.

Keywords: Online content platforms, regulation, Information Technology Act, freedom of speech, digital media ethics