THE FUTURE OF PRIVACY: IS SURVEILLANCE LAW TECHNOLOGY?  PROTECTING  INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY

AUTHOR – SHREYA PANDEY* & DR. SHOVA DEVI**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY

** PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – SHREYA PANDEY* & DR. SHOVA DEVI, THE FUTURE OF PRIVACY: IS SURVEILLANCE LAW TECHNOLOGY?  PROTECTING INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 806-813, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

This article critically examines whether current legal frames adapt to rapid advances in digital surveillance technologies such as artificial intelligence, biometric authentication, and the Internet of Things (IOT). The study is based on global regulatory models such as the GDPR and CCPA, and examines the growing gap between legislative reform and technological innovation. We examine the legal and ethical implications of mass surveillance, algorithmic monitoring, and data control profiling to assess the extent to which individuals’ rights are protected in the digital age. Through case studies and comparative analysis, this paper highlights the need for proactive legal reform and international cooperation to create an adaptive and responsible monitoring framework with a focus on privacy. The investigation concludes that without timely and future-oriented intervention, the imbalance between state surveillance capabilities and individual freedoms could significantly undermine our legal rights to future privacy.

WHISTLE-BLOWER IN CIVIL ADMINISTRATION

AUTHOR – M. RAMYA, STUDENT AT TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – M. RAMYA, WHISTLE-BLOWER IN CIVIL ADMINISTRATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 792-805, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT:

Whistle-blowing in civil administration is a critical mechanism for maintaining transparency, accountability, and ethical standards within government institutions. It involves individuals within the public sector exposing misconduct, corruption, fraud, or other unethical practices that undermine the integrity of governance. Whistle-blowers, by reporting such actions, play a pivotal role in ensuring that public resources are used responsibly and that government actions align with the principles of justice and fairness. However, the act of whistle-blowing often comes with significant personal risks, including retaliation, harassment, and career setbacks, creating a hostile environment for potential whistle-blowers. Legal frameworks and institutional protections are essential to safeguard those who expose wrongdoing, ensuring they are shielded from retaliation and treated fairly. In many countries, laws such as the Whistle-blower Protection Act and Public Interest Disclosure Act have been enacted to offer legal safeguards and create safe reporting channels. Despite these protections, challenges persist, as many whistle-blowers remain vulnerable to covert retaliation or public condemnation. The effectiveness of whistle-blowing systems in civil administration depends not only on legal protection but also on the establishment of a supportive organizational culture that values transparency and ethical conduct. This requires strong oversight, clear reporting mechanisms, and the willingness of public institutions to act on whistle-blower reports. Through the analysis of key case studies, this paper examines the role of whistle-blowers in exposing corruption and unethical practices in various government sectors. It highlights the importance of fostering an environment that encourages ethical behaviour and supports those who report misconduct. Ultimately, whistle-blowing serves as a powerful tool for upholding good governance and reinforcing public trust in government institutions, emphasizing the need for continued legal reforms and institutional change to protect whistle-blowers effectively.

Keywords: Whistle-blowing, civil administration, transparency, ethical standards, public sector misconduct, legal protection, government corruption.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY

AUTHOR – NABEEL AHMAD* & Dr. TARU MISHRA**

* STUDENT OF AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

** STUDENT OF AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – NABEEL AHMAD & Dr. TARU MISHRA, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAWS IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 786-791, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

I. Abstract

The music industry plays a vital role in the global economy, providing entertainment, cultural expression, and employment opportunities to millions of people worldwide. To establish regularised coherence in society, laws are necessary. For this reason, in the current internet-driven era, intellectual property rights, or IPR, are becoming more and more necessary. With a variety of Despite government efforts to prevent IP infringement through laws like the Copyright Act, 1957 and the Copyright (Amendment) Rules, 2021, there have been numerous cases of IP rights violations in industries in India and around the world that are expanding steadily, particularly in the music sector. The entertainment business as a whole faces a greater issue because of the industry’s diversity, which makes it harder for the legal system to support IP rights abuses.

Keywords: Intellectual Property Rights, Copyright Act 1957, Music Industry, Copyright,  Copyright (Amendment) Rules, 2021, IP infringement

RESEARCH PAPER ON ABUSE¹ OF PHARMACEUTICAL PATENTS

AUTHOR – GRACY TRIPATHI, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – GRACY TRIPATHI, RESEARCH PAPER ON ABUSE1 OF PHARMACEUTICAL PATENTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 777-785, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The abuse of pharmaceutical patents has become a growing concern in the global healthcare system. While patent protection is intended to promote innovation by granting temporary market exclusivity to drug developers, this system is often exploited to delay the entry of affordable generic medicines. Practices such as patent evergreening, strategic litigation, and the creation of patent thickets enable pharmaceutical companies to maintain monopolies far beyond the original intent of patent laws. This abuse not only inflates drug prices but also restricts access to life-saving treatments, particularly in developing and under-resourced regions. This explores the various forms of patent abuse, its impact on public health and healthcare systems, and the urgent need for policy reforms. Emphasizing the balance between rewarding innovation and ensuring equitable access to medicines, the study calls for stricter regulatory oversight and global collaboration to prevent the misuse of intellectual property rights in the pharmaceutical industry.

LEGAL INSTRUMENTS GOVERNING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION

AUTHOR- PROF. (DR.) MANJU ARORA RELAN* & BRIJESH KUMAR SAINI**

* LC-1, FACULTY OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

** RESEARCH SCHOLAR, FACULTY OF LAW, UNIVERSITY OF DELHI

BEST CITATION – PROF. (DR.) MANJU ARORA RELAN* & BRIJESH KUMAR SAINI, LEGAL INSTRUMENTS GOVERNING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 767-776, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The intensifying phenomenon of global climate change poses an unprecedented threat to ecological stability, economic development, and human survival. This article critically examines the multifaceted implications of climate change while exploring comprehensive mitigation strategies through a techno-legal lens. The research identifies and analyses significant gaps in the existing international legal framework governing climate action and evaluates the efficacy of institutional mechanisms such as the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement. By juxtaposing legal inadequacies with technological advancements—like Artificial Intelligence, blockchain, remote sensing, and carbon capture techniques—the study underscores the transformative potential of emerging technologies in addressing climate-related challenges. The article further explores national climate legislations, particularly India’s evolving legal stance, proposing the integration of the Latin maxim “Ubi jus, ibi remedium” to ensure enforceable remedies for climate grievances. Through doctrinal research, comparative legal analysis, and reference to recent IPCC and UNEP reports, the study advocates for a reformed, inclusive, and technology-enabled climate governance model that balances legal accountability with innovation. Ultimately, it calls for a paradigm shift in climate jurisprudence to secure a sustainable and resilient future for all.

SECURITIES SCAM: GENESIS, MECHANISM AND IMPACT

AUTHOR – MANSI SRIVASTAVA*, LOKESH MISHRA** & DR AMIT DHALL***,

*STUDENT OF LAW, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH

**LEGAL RESEARCHER, INDEPENDENT AUTHOR

*** FACULTY OF LAW, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH

BEST CITATION – MANSI SRIVASTAVA, LOKESH MISHRA & DR AMIT DHALL, SECURITIES SCAM: GENESIS, MECHANISM AND IMPACT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 757-766, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

INTRODUCTION

In April 1992, the first press report appeared indicating that there was a shortfall in the Government Securities held by the State Bank of India. In a little over a month, investigations revealed that this was just the tip of an iceberg which came to be called the securities scam, involving misappropriation of funds to the tune of over Rs. 3500 crores ( about $ 1.2 billion). In an ever expanding ambit, the scam has engulfed top executives of large nationalized banks, foreign banks and financial institutions, brokers, bureaucrats and politicians. The functioning of the money market and the stock market has been thrown in disarray. The scam has generated such immense public interest that it has become a permanent feature on the front pages of newspapers. A large number of agencies, namely, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), the Income Tax Department, the Directorate of Enforcement and the Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) are currently investigating various aspects of the scam.

CARTELIZATION IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY: AN EMPIRICAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

AUTHOR – NOOREEN FATMA* & DR. TARU MISHRA**

* STUDENT OF AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW

BEST CITATION – NOOREEN FATMA & DR. TARU MISHRA, CARTELIZATION IN THE INDIAN ECONOMY: AN EMPIRICAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 751-756, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

One of the main problems facing the Indian economy is cartelisation, which goes against the fundamental principles of the Competition Law of 2002, which was passed with the intention of guaranteeing both consumer welfare and competitive practices. With the emergence of privatization and globalization that arose in the nineties in India, a realization was triggered that the existing Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969 (“MRTP Act”) was not equipped adequately enough to tackle the competition aspect of the Indian economy. Three essential factors establish existence of a cartel, namely agreement by way of concerted action suggesting conspiracy; fixing of prices; and the intent to gain a monopoly or restrict/eliminate competition. There is a very thin (and blurred line) of distinction between legitimate co-operation and illegitimate collusion. Collusive price manipulation by rivals is the most important component of cartelisation behaviour. Cartelisation is one of the horizontal agreements that shall be presumed to have appreciable adverse effect on competition under Section 3 of the Act.

Keyword:  Cartelisation,  Competition Act 2002, Consumer welfare, Anti-competitive practices, Horizontal agreements, Appreciable Adverse Effect on Competition (AAEC), Price-fixing, Collusion, Monopolistic behavior

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COMBATING CYBERCRIME: LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS

AUTHOR – SHAURYA KRISHNAN, STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – SHAURYA KRISHNAN, THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN COMBATING CYBERCRIME: LEGAL AND ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 729-750, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a game-changer in the fight against cybercrime, bringing powerful tools to detect threats, predict criminal behavior, and respond to incidents swiftly. Its ability to analyze vast datasets and identify patterns has revolutionized cybersecurity, making it a cornerstone of modern defense strategies. Yet, as AI becomes more embedded in these efforts, it introduces complex legal and ethical challenges. Issues like data privacy, biased algorithms, and unclear accountability threaten to undermine its benefits. This paper dives into AI’s role in tackling cyber threats, exploring how it’s reshaping cybersecurity practices while scrutinizing the legal frameworks that regulate its use. It also grapples with the ethical dilemmas that arise when AI is deployed to protect digital spaces, such as the risk of infringing on personal freedoms or perpetuating systemic biases. By examining real-world case studies and recent trends, the paper showcases practical examples of AI in action—whether it’s thwarting ransomware attacks or enhancing law enforcement’s predictive capabilities. These cases reveal both the promise and the pitfalls of AI-driven solutions. For instance, predictive policing tools can help authorities anticipate crimes but may unfairly target certain communities if not carefully designed. Similarly, AI systems that monitor network traffic for threats can safeguard organizations but might collect sensitive user data without clear consent. The paper also delves into the patchwork of laws governing AI in cybersecurity, from data protection regulations like GDPR to emerging standards for algorithmic transparency. It argues that current legal frameworks often lag behind technological advancements, leaving gaps in oversight and enforcement. Ethically, the use of AI raises tough questions: How do we ensure fairness in automated decisions? Who is responsible when an AI system fails or causes harm? To address these challenges, the paper proposes a set of policy recommendations aimed at harmonizing innovation with accountability. These include developing clearer regulations for AI use in cybersecurity, mandating transparency in algorithmic processes, and fostering collaboration between governments, tech companies, and civil society to create ethical guidelines. It also calls for regular audits of AI systems to detect and correct biases, alongside public awareness campaigns to build trust in these technologies. By weaving together insights from technology, law, and ethics, the paper offers a holistic view of AI’s role in combating cybercrime. It acknowledges the transformative potential of AI to secure digital environments but cautions against unchecked deployment. The findings emphasize that without robust regulations and ethical guardrails, AI could inadvertently exacerbate the very problems it seeks to solve. To ensure AI remains a force for good in cybersecurity, policymakers, developers, and stakeholders must work together to address its challenges head-on. This means prioritizing user privacy, promoting fairness, and establishing clear lines of accountability. Ultimately, the paper advocates for a balanced approach that leverages AI’s capabilities while safeguarding the values of justice and equity in an increasingly connected world. The path forward lies in thoughtful regulation, continuous oversight, and a commitment to ethical principles that keep pace with technological progress.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Cybercrime, Cybersecurity, Data Privacy, Algorithmic Bias, Ethical AI, Legal Frameworks, Predictive Policing.

INTRODUCTION TO COUNTERTRADE PRACTICES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA

AUTHOR – NEHAA C S* & DR. S MARUTHAVIJAYAN**

* STUDEN AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – NEHAA C S, INTRODUCTION TO COUNTERTRADE PRACTICES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 725-728, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

International trade is partly dependent on countertrade, an extensive range of foreign trade practice in which commodities and services are traded for other commodities and services, not money, especially when there are strict financial mechanisms or foreign exchange. Countertrade principles are discussed herein, along with its forms, including buy-back arrangements, offsetting arrangements, counter-purchases, and barter. In this essay, the application of countertrade arrangements to resolve foreign exchange issues, obtaining advanced technology, and obtaining diplomatic and business relations with trade nations globally is discussed, the emphasis being placed on India. Countertrade possesses a number of strengths, such as market diversification and retention of foreign cash, but conversely, there are a number of weaknesses, including complicated rules and vulnerability to dependence on a single country

CURRENT TRENDS AND PRACTICES IN ESG IN BANKING SECTOR

AUTHOR –VIKRAM CHAUHAN* & DR. AMIT DHALL**

* STUDENT OF LAW, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

** FACULTY OF LAW, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – VIKRAM CHAUHAN & DR. AMIT DHALL, CURRENT TRENDS AND PRACTICES IN ESG IN BANKING SECTOR, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (5) OF 2025, PG. 715-724, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The banking sector is increasingly embracing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles as a core part of its operations and decision-making. Recent trends show that financial institutions are integrating ESG criteria into lending, investment strategies, and risk management frameworks. Banks are not only financing green and sustainable projects but also enhancing transparency through detailed ESG disclosures. There is a growing emphasis on responsible banking practices, such as supporting inclusive growth, reducing carbon footprints, promoting workplace diversity, and aligning with international sustainability standards. Technological advancements, regulatory pressures, and rising stakeholder expectations are also driving banks to adopt innovative ESG tools and reporting mechanisms. These evolving practices reflect the sector’s shift toward long-term value creation and ethical governance.