“LEGAL PROTECTION OF WOMEN IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS”

AUTHOR- PRAKARSHAN BANKATA* & DR. TARU MISHRA**

* LLM, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW, UTTAR PRADESH

** ASS. PROF. OF AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY LUCKNOW, UTTAR PRADESH

BEST CITATION -PRAKARSHAN BANKATA & DR. TARU MISHRA, “LEGAL PROTECTION OF WOMEN IN INDIA: A CRITICAL STUDY IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 945-958, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The legal protection of women in India has evolved significantly over time, reflecting the changing social, political, and economic dynamics of the country. This study critically examines the contemporary framework of women’s legal rights and protections in light of recent legislative, judicial, and policy developments. With the Constitution of India as its foundation, various statutes such as the Dowry Prohibition Act, Domestic Violence Act, Sexual Harassment Act, and amendments to the Indian Penal Code have contributed to safeguarding women against gender-based violence and discrimination. The research also explores emerging concerns such as cybercrime, digital safety, reproductive rights, and workplace harassment. Judicial activism, international conventions, and the roles played by civil society, media, and NGOs have further advanced the cause of gender justice. However, despite progressive legal measures, the implementation gap, societal patriarchy, and lack of awareness continue to hinder effective protection. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the legal mechanisms and their effectiveness in ensuring justice, equality, and dignity for women in modern India.

KEYWORDS:-
Women’s rights, gender justice, legal protection, India, recent developments, cybercrime, domestic violence, judicial activism, sexual harassment, digital safety

GENDER NEUTRALITY IN SEXUAL OFFENCES LAW IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – DAMINI* & PROF. (DR.) SIMRANJEET KAUR GILL**

* RESEARCH SCHOLAR, CT UNIVERSITY, LUDHIANA, PUNJAB.

** PRINCIPAL, SCHOOL OF LAW, CT UNIVERSITY, LUDHIANA, PUNJAB.

BEST CITATION -DAMINI & PROF. (DR.) SIMRANJEET KAUR GILL, GENDER NEUTRALITY IN SEXUAL OFFENCES LAW IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 936-944, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

Sexual offences laws in India have traditionally been gender-specific, recognizing women as victims and men as perpetrators. However, evolving social structures, international legal standards, and constitutional mandates emphasize the need for a gender-neutral approach. This thesis critically examines the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023, particularly Sections 63 (Rape), 75 (Sexual Harassment), and 82 (Unnatural Sex), in light of their gendered application. It also explores judicial interpretations, constitutional provisions, and international human rights frameworks such as CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women) and the Yogyakarta Principles. A comparative analysis of legal frameworks in the UK, USA, and Canada provides insights into best practices that India could adopt. The study argues for an inclusive legal structure that ensures justice for all victims of sexual crimes, irrespective of gender, while addressing concerns regarding misuse and evidentiary challenges. The research is based on legal analysis, case studies, and empirical data, advocating for balanced legislative reforms that align with India’s constitutional values and international obligations.

Keywords: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita,  constitutional rights, Gender neutrality, international law, legal reforms, sexual offences.

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES IN INDIAN LABOR LAW

AUTHOR – JOEL TIMOTHY, THE TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY – SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW

BEST CITATION -JOEL TIMOTHY, A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF CHALLENGES IN INDIAN LABOR LAW, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 931-935, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

India possesses the world’s second-largest working-age population, making its labor force a critical driver of the nation’s economic activities—ranging from investment and production to savings and capital formation. Workers are key contributors to achieving socio-economic development. However, modern industrial practices, often marked by strained employer-employee relations, have led to numerous labor-related issues. To address these, the Indian government has enacted various labor laws aimed at safeguarding worker rights and preventing exploitation. Despite these efforts, gaps remain in the implementation and enforcement of these laws. This paper explores the challenges faced by labor law in India and offers actionable solutions for improvement.

Keywords: Challenges, Employers, India, Labor, Labor Laws

ROLE OF IBC IN RESOLUTION OF NPAS

AUTHOR: TEJAN SINGH , STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION -TEJAN SINGH, ROLE OF IBC IN RESOLUTION OF NPAS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 922-929, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

SHIFT FROM RECOVERY TO RESOLUTION

The introduction of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, marked a fundamental shift in how non-performing assets (NPAs) are managed in India. Prior to the implementation of the IBC, the focus was largely on the recovery of dues, primarily through legal remedies such as the SARFAESI Act, 2002, and the Debt Recovery Tribunals (DRTs). These frameworks aimed at asset recovery but faced challenges due to slow processes, fragmented legal remedies, and insufficient mechanisms to deal with the complex financial distress faced by businesses.

The shift from recovery to resolution under the IBC represents a more comprehensive approach to tackling NPAs. The key difference lies in the focus on resolving the financial distress of businesses, rather than simply recovering the dues of creditors.^[1]

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[1] S. D. Singhania, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code 2016: A Comprehensive Guide (3rd edn, LexisNexis 2021).

WHITE COLLAR CRIME AND ITS EVOLVING JURISPRUDENCE IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – ADITYA DEV SHARMA* & HIMANSHU VARSHNEY**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION –ADITYA DEV SHARMA & HIMANSHU VARSHNEY, WHITE COLLAR CRIME AND ITS EVOLVING JURISPRUDENCE IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 918-921, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

White collar crimes in India have surged in frequency and complexity, exposing significant gaps in the nation’s regulatory and enforcement frameworks. This paper explores the evolution of white collar crime jurisprudence in India, the legal and institutional challenges in addressing these crimes, and the role of technology and whistleblowers in both perpetuating and combating corporate and bureaucratic misconduct. Drawing on legislative developments and landmark cases, the study proposes recommendations to strengthen accountability and the rule of law in the white collar crime domain.

Keywords: 

White collar crime, corporate fraud, legal framework, jurisprudence, whistleblowers, India.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NEW AND OLD CRIMINAL LAWS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SUKRITI GUPTA* & AYUSH SARAN**

* STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** FACULTY AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION -SUKRITI GUPTA & AYUSH SARAN, A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE NEW AND OLD CRIMINAL LAWS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 900-917, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The Indian criminal justice system has witnessed a historical transformation with the enactment of three new legal frameworks in 2023: the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and the BharatiyaSakshyaAdhiniyam (BSA), replacing the colonial-era Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), and Indian Evidence Act, respectively. These reforms signify a decisive step toward decolonizing and modernizing India’s legal structure to address contemporary societal issues, improve procedural efficiency, and enhance justice delivery mechanisms. This research paper explores the comparative dimensions of these laws, highlighting key changes, including the introduction of community service, digital evidence handling, and gender-neutral provisions. It critically examines the effectiveness of these innovations and evaluates the challenges posed by vague definitions, potential overlaps with existing legislation, and implementation readiness. Through a detailed comparison, the paper aims to provide a holistic understanding of the new criminal law regime, its progressive strides and the reforms that remain to ensure a robust and inclusive legal system for modern India.

Keywords- BNS, BNSS, BSA, IPC, CrPC, IEA

WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES IN INDIA LEGAL CHALLENGES AND RIGHTS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – MD. ASHIF KHAN* & DR.AXITA SRIVASTAVA**

* LL.M (CRIMINAL.LAW) SCHOLAR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION -MD. ASHIF KHAN & DR.AXITA SRIVASTAVA, WHITE-COLLAR CRIMES IN INDIA LEGAL CHALLENGES AND RIGHTS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 892-900, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

White-collar crimes, while lacking physical violence, exert a profound and often underestimated impact on a nation’s socio-economic fabric. In India, the rise in such crimes—ranging from corporate fraud and embezzlement to money laundering and insider trading—has exposed systemic vulnerabilities in the legal and regulatory framework. These crimes are typically committed by individuals in positions of trust and authority, exploiting legal ambiguities and procedural loopholes to evade accountability. The present paper critically examines the conceptual evolution and classification of white-collar crimes in the Indian context. It also evaluates the legislative instruments, institutional mechanisms, and judicial responses in addressing these offenses. Special focus is placed on the procedural hurdles faced during investigation and prosecution, as well as the legal rights and protections available to both the accused and the victims. Through the analysis of landmark cases and a comparative perspective with global practices, the paper offers concrete policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the deterrence and efficacy of the Indian criminal justice system in combating white-collar crimes.

Keywords – White-collar crime, Economic offenses, Corporate fraud, Money laundering, Legal framework, Criminal justice system, Procedural challenges, Victim rights, Accused rights, Judicial response, Financial crimes, India, Regulatory reform, Anti-corruption laws, Enforcement agencies.

THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON EDUCATION IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SATISH KUMAR* & DR. AXITA SRIVASTAVA**    

* LL.M SCHOLAT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION -SATISH KUMAR & DR. AXITA SRIVASTAVA, THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON EDUCATION IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 882-891, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

 This research critically examines the profound and multifaceted relationship between poverty and education in India. Despite constitutional guarantees such as the Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009, and a plethora of welfare schemes aimed at improving educational access, a large segment of the population—particularly children from economically disadvantaged backgrounds—continues to struggle with limited access to quality education. The paper investigates how poverty negatively impacts school enrollment, attendance, retention, and learning outcomes. It highlights how associated factors such as child labour, gender inequality, infrastructural deficiencies, and digital divides exacerbate the educational challenges faced by the poor. The study also analyses government policies, schemes, and non-governmental initiatives intended to mitigate these effects. Drawing from primary data, recent surveys, and case studies, the research identifies systemic gaps and proposes targeted policy recommendations, including increased budgetary allocations, conditional cash transfers, and improved accountability mechanisms, to create a more equitable and inclusive educational landscape in India.

Keywords:
Poverty, Education, India, Right to Education (RTE) Act, Child Labour, Educational Inequality, Gender Disparity, School Dropout, Learning Outcomes, Digital Divide, Government Schemes, Public Policy, Inclusive Education, Social Justice, Educational Access.

ANALYSIS OF CROSS-BORDER MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA AND USA

AUTHOR – SATYAM SINGH, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

BEST CITATION -SATYAM SINGH, ANALYSIS OF CROSS-BORDER MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA AND USA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 869-882, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This paper delves into the complex dynamics of cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) between India and the United States. By comparing the regulatory frameworks, economic landscapes, and strategic motivations underpinning these transactions, the study offers a nuanced understanding of their trends and patterns. India’s rapid economic growth, cost efficiencies, and skilled workforce attract U.S. firms seeking operational advantages and market access, while Indian firms pursue U.S. acquisitions to gain advanced technologies, brand equity, and global market presence. Case studies, such as Tata Motors’ acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover and Walmart’s purchase of Flipkart, highlight the transformative potential of these transactions. However, challenges such as cultural integration, regulatory compliance, and market competition highlight the complexity of cross-border M&As. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and corporate leaders aiming to navigate and capitalise on these high-stakes business opportunities.

SCAMS IN ONLINE JOBS: A GROWING THREAT TO DIGITAL EMPLOYMENT

AUTHOR – YAMUNA K, STUDENT AT TAMILNADU DR.AMBEKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION -YAMUNA K, SCAMS IN ONLINE JOBS: A GROWING THREAT TO DIGITAL EMPLOYMENT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (6) OF 2025, PG. 862-868, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT :

As digital employment rises globally, online job scams have become a widespread threat. Fraudsters exploit job seekers through fake recruitment ads, data collection schemes, and advance fee scams. This paper explores the evolution, tactics, impact, and prevention of online job scams. Using case studies, statistics, and global trends, it aims to raise awareness and recommend strategic solutions to protect digital workers in a rapidly evolving virtual job market.

KEYWORDS : online jobs, job scams, employment fraud, work-from-home scams, digital employment, internet fraud, cybercrime, fake jobs.