DISSERTATION ON – PATENT ON GENETIC INVENTIONS

AUTHOR – K. SURYA PRASATH, LLM SCHOLAR AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA

BEST CITATION – K. SURYA PRASATH, DISSERTATION ON – PATENT ON GENETIC INVENTIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (7) OF 2025, PG. 952-1025, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The current landscape of intellectual property rights concerning patents on genetic inventions is characterized by a complex interplay of legal, ethical, and scientific considerations. As advancements in biotechnology and genomics continue to accelerate, the question of patentability has become increasingly contentious. The exploration of patents related to genetic inventions within the realm of intellectual property is a critical area of research that addresses the intersection of innovation, ethics, and legal frameworks. This investigation seeks to understand how genetic inventions, which encompass a wide range of biotechnological advancements, are protected under existing patent laws and how these protections influence both scientific progress and public access to genetic resources. By analysing the implications of patenting genetic materials and processes, researchers aim to uncover the potential benefits and drawbacks of such intellectual property rights, particularly in terms of fostering innovation while ensuring equitable access to genetic technologies. This study is based on doctrinal research methodology for data collection and interpreting legal texts, statutes, and case law. This methodology emphasizes the examination of existing legal principles and doctrines to derive insights and establish a coherent understanding of the law. Ultimately, the findings from this research could inform policymakers, legal experts, and the scientific community about the need for a balanced approach that promotes innovation while safeguarding public interests and ethical standards in the rapidly evolving field of genetics. And suggest, need for new legal awareness programmes to address the unique challenges posed by Patent on genetic inventions.

INDIA’S BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY MODEL & ITS IMPACT ON INDIA’S TRADE RELATIONS

AUTHOR – RISHABH WAHI, STUDENT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY NOIDA

BEST CITATION – RISHABH WAHI, INDIA’S BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATY MODEL & ITS IMPACT ON INDIA’S TRADE RELATIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 583-591, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

This paper examines India’s 2015 Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) Model and analyzes its substantial impact on India’s international trade relations. The study investigates how India’s paradigm shift from a liberal investment framework to a more restrictive and sovereignty-focused model. The ways it has influenced foreign direct investment flows and bilateral economic relationships. Through analysis of key provisions, comparison with international standards, and evaluation of post-implementation outcomes. This research identifies both protective advantages and challenging consequences of India’s revised approach. The findings suggest that while the 2015 Model BIT successfully addresses India’s sovereignty concerns. It has created significant friction in trade negotiations and investment relations, particularly with developed economies. This research contributes to understanding the delicate balance between investment protection and regulatory sovereignty. Focussing on emerging economies navigating global economic integration.

AI IN LAW: THE FINE LINE BETWEEN THREAT AND OPPORTUNITIES – EXPLORING STAKEHOLDERS DILEMMA

AUTHOR – SARASWATHY THOGAINATHAN, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW

BEST CITATION – SARASWATHY THOGAINATHAN, AI IN LAW: THE FINE LINE BETWEEN THREAT AND OPPORTUNITIES – EXPLORING STAKEHOLDERS DILEMMA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 577-582, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the ability of a computer to carry out a job which typically requires human brain power. Today artificial intelligence has attained a steady pace in advancement, starting from unlocking our phones using facial recognition till setting our alarms for the next day. With this serious advancement people often see it as a threat to their jobs. Looking at it from a positive perspective, the way these machines are making people’s jobs easier and saving so much time and energy, contrary to that statement it does make people feel insecure about their skills, people’s constant need to be updated all the time, so that they don’t get replaced by a robot. This study focuses on the impacts of AI incorporated with the  legal profession and also the perception of people towards it. The data for the study had been collected through an online survey. The survey was prepared to collect opinions from people belonging to three different working sectors such as advocates, law students, IT professionals and common people also known as clients. This diversity is to get the perspectives of people from the user end, developers end and from the people who will have the most impact. The study had concluded stating that the positive effects of AI in the legal field outweighs the negative effects.

KEYWORDS:  Artificial Intelligence, Technology, Career, Threat.

INDIA’S MALARIA ELIMINATION STRATEGY: LEVERAGING DIGITAL HEALTH & GENERIC INNOVATIONS

AUTHOR – DR. S. JAMES, MA, MBA, LLM & POST-DOC FELLOW IN LAW*

* PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF LAW, MANIPUR INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IMPHAL, MANIPUR-795140, INDIA.

BEST CITATION – DR. S. JAMES, INDIA’S MALARIA ELIMINATION STRATEGY: LEVERAGING DIGITAL HEALTH & GENERIC INNOVATIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 569-576, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

India’s ambitious malaria elimination strategy is being revolutionized by AI-driven digital health tools and innovative pharmaceutical approaches. Real-time surveillance systems enhance early detection and response, minimizing disease spread through timely interventions. Mobile health applications and predictive analytics improve accessibility, ensuring at-risk populations receive swift and effective treatment. Furthermore, the development and distribution of cost-effective generic anti-malarial drugs strengthen healthcare resilience, making treatment widely available and affordable. By integrating technological innovation with public health strategies, India is accelerating progress toward a malaria-free future, setting an example for other nations facing similar challenges.

India’s fight against malaria has gained remarkable momentum through the integration of digital health technologies and generic pharmaceutical innovations. By utilizing AI-driven surveillance systems and predictive analytics, healthcare authorities can track disease patterns, forecast outbreaks, and initiate timely interventions. Mobile health applications enhance accessibility, ensuring remote and underserved populations receive adequate information, diagnosis, and treatment. Moreover, cost-effective generic antimalarial drugs provide affordable healthcare solutions, reducing financial burdens on affected communities while improving treatment efficacy. The synergy of surveillance, affordability, and innovation positions India as a global leader in malaria elimination efforts. As the nation moves closer to a malaria-free future, lessons learned from this approach could serve as a model for other regions striving to combat infectious diseases.

Keywords: Surveillance, Accessibility, AI-driven, Cost-effective, Innovation, Surveillance.

THE ORETICAL DIMENSIONS OF TRADEMARKING IN THE EMERGING METAVERSE

AUTHORS – ANKITA PANWAR* & DR. BHAVNA BATRA**

*LLM STUDENT, AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA

** ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, NOIDA (UTTAR PRADESH)

BEST CITATION – ANKITA PANWAR & DR. BHAVNA BATRA, THE ORETICAL DIMENSIONS OF TRADEMARKING IN THE EMERGING METAVERSE, YOU PAY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 559-568, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Abstract

The rise of the metaverse has brought forth intricate challenges and opportunities within trademark law. As virtual spaces develop, the integration of trademarks with digital realities calls for a reassessment of established legal frameworks. The significance of virtual goods and services in trademark protection is becoming increasingly important, as companies aim to secure their brand identity in vast digital landscapes. Implementing trademark enforcement in the digital economy necessitates flexible strategies to address issues of infringement, dilution, and unauthorized use. It is crucial to grasp how trademark law intersects with the virtual economy to maintain consumer confidence and corporate legitimacy in online marketplaces. Global trademark regulations need to adapt to tackle the distinct challenges posed by the metaverse, prompting legal scholars and practitioners to investigate solutions that synchronise trademark enforcement with technological progression. This paper explores fundamental theoretical aspects of trademarking in the metaverse, providing perspectives on how to adjust trademark law for a digital future, reduce trademark dilution, and establish effective enforcement methods in virtual environments.

Keywords: Metaverse, Trademark law, Virtual spaces, Digital realities, Trademark protection, Brand identity, Trademark enforcement, Digital economy Infringement, dilution, unauthorized use, Virtual economy, Consumer confidence, corporate legitimacy, Global trademark regulations, Technological progression.

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW – YOU POLLUTE, YOU PAY

AUTHOR – DHARIKHA UDHAYAKUMAR, STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES  (SIMATS) CHENNAI,SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI. EMAIL:DHARIKHA2015@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – DHARIKHA UDHAYAKUMAR, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW – YOU POLLUTE, YOU PAY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 538-558, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The implementation of environmental regulations in our nation would undoubtedly improve the quality of life and decrease excessive environmental exploitation. However, certain factors must be considered, such as the inflationary effect, the fact that these funds are not always used for environmental reasons, the experiences of several member countries show minor impacts on GDP, and raising costs to a producer within a country or region that are not imposed on companies outside of that country or region may, obviously, have an impact on the local maker’s profitability. The primary goal of the study is to determine how aware the sample population is of environmental regulations and their importance, if it acts as an incentive to minimize pollution, and the many benefits it provides. The empirical research approach was used in this study, along with a simple sampling strategy. The study’s sample size is 350 respondents. According to the study, eco taxes benefit society and the business community because they generate money that can be used directly to protect the environment, to provide incentives to others to do so, or to reduce other, more costly taxes, such as labor taxes, with the goal of improving employment and overall economic well-being.

KEYWORDS – Eco taxes, Green schemes, Environment, Revenue, Pollution

THE EFFECTS OF CORPORATE CONSOLIDATION ON MARKET COMPETITION, PRICING, AND SMALLHOLDER ACCESS IN AGRICULTURE

AUTHOR – ISHITA* & PROF (DR.) SHEFALI RAIZADA**

* STUDENT, LL.M CB&IL AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL NOIDA. EMAIL: ISHU182K@GMAIL.COM

** DIRECTOR/JOINT HEAD, AMITY LAW SCHOOL NOIDA. EMAIL: SRAIZADA@AMITY.EDU

BEST CITATION – ISHITA & PROF (DR.) SHEFALI RAIZADA, THE EFFECTS OF CORPORATE CONSOLIDATION ON MARKET COMPETITION, PRICING, AND SMALLHOLDER ACCESS IN AGRICULTURE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 532-537, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

Introduction

Corporate mergers and acquisitions are becoming a hallmark of contemporary agribusiness. Critics claim that these consolidations undermine market competition, raise input costs, and deny smallholder farmers access to important developments, while supporters maintain that they increase efficiencies, support R&D, and foster technological innovation. Given its importance to rural life and food security, the agricultural sector deserves particular attention when it comes to concentrated corporate ownership. The market for agricultural inputs saw a dramatic change between 2015 and 2018. The “Big Six” agribusinesses were whittled down to four key players: Bayer, Corteva, Syngenta, and BASF, following three significant mergers: Dow-DuPont, ChemChina-Syngenta, and Bayer-Monsanto. The end effect was an oligopolistic market structure in which a small number of multinational firms had a major impact on pricing, innovation, and competition. In addition to changing the supply chain, this consolidation changed the balance of power between input providers and farmers. For instance, the combination of Bayer and Monsanto created a business that dominates the agrochemical and seed industries, raising questions about regulatory control and monopolistic practices. These mergers raise concerns about the sustainability and inclusivity of agricultural innovation networks and have significant economic ramifications, especially for vulnerable stakeholders.

Keywords: Agribusiness consolidation, Market concentration, Monopolistic pricing, Smallholder farmers, Seed and agrochemical markets

IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON CONTRACT LAW: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

AUTHOR – SUMIT KUMAR SINGH* & DR. AISHWARYA PANDEY**

* STUDENT AT AMITY UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF AMITY UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW CAMPUS

BEST CITATION – SUMIT KUMAR SINGH & DR. AISHWARYA PANDEY, IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON CONTRACT LAW: LEGAL CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 527-531, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the evolving intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and contract law. As AI technologies increasingly automate contract creation, interpretation, and enforcement, they challenge traditional legal doctrines and raise new legal, ethical, and procedural issues. This research examines how AI impacts contractual formation, consent, performance, and liability. It evaluates existing legal frameworks, identifies gaps, and proposes reforms to adapt to AI-driven contract systems. Through doctrinal analysis, comparative studies, and case law review, the paper provides comprehensive insights into the future of contract law in an AI-dominated era.

A STUDY ON FUTURE OF WORK: HOW AUTOMATION IS CHANGING EMPLOYMENT TRENDS IN INDIA

AUTHOR – S YOGADEEPAN* & DR. M. D. CHINNU**

* STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI. EMAIL – YOGADEEPAN.S960@GMAIL.COM

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, THE TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW       UNIVERSITY,  CHENNAI. EMAIL –  CHINNUSOEL@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – S YOGADEEPAN & DR. M. D. CHINNU, A STUDY ON FUTURE OF WORK: HOW AUTOMATION IS CHANGING EMPLOYMENT TRENDS IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 518-526, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The advent of automation in various sectors is reshaping employment trends across the world, including in India. Automation, fuelled by artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, and machine learning, has the potential to revolutionize traditional industries, enhancing productivity and reducing costs. However, its implications for the labour market, particularly in developing economies like India, are complex. This paper investigates the multifaceted impact of automation on employment in India, with a focus on job displacement, the emergence of new roles, skill requirements, and policy challenges. The study also examines the potential for automation to foster economic growth, while acknowledging the significant socio-economic challenges that need to be addressed.

Keywords:Automation, Employment, AI, Robotics, Labour Market, India, Skills, Economic Growth, Job Displacement.

A STUDY ON LEGAL RIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF SURROGATES IN INDIA

AUTHOR – P. SUDARVIZHI, B.B.A.,LL.B.(HONS) STUDENT, SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES, SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI, INDIA. MAIL ID:SUDARVIZHI2102@GMAIL.COM

BEST CITATION – P. SUDARVIZHI, A STUDY ON LEGAL RIGHTS AND CHALLENGES OF SURROGATES IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (8) OF 2025, PG. 500-517, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

It is an empirical study on legal rights and challenges of surrogates in India. The word “surrogate” is derived from the Latin word surrogates means a “substitute”. Right to reproduce their child  is an unread right of every existence. Parenting is a life altering and most permanently satisfying experience. The absence of a child is considered as a stigma to the family. There are numerous cases where the incapability to have a child led to wedded breakdown. The incapability to have a child which is known as infertility in medical terms is a global problem. According to the WHO Report the prevalence of infertility across the globe including India is around 10- 15 percent. This research aims to study on the challenges of surrogates, whether it has been considered only as commercial business, to find out the reasons for the practice of surrogation, to explore the social stigma on surrogacy which is considered as prostitution. The results show that surrogacy is a part of commercial business in india. poverty being a factor to become a surrogate mother this may be due to that when there is a monetary need for women and has financial burden they tend to work as surrogate mother and women feel it is her right to body to do whatever she feels to do and also there are women who wants to make other family happy by giving birth to child not only for monetary purpose also agreed that they should be law to protect surrogacy this might be due to that this practice also involves human trafficking and breach of trust so to avoid all this there should be proper law to protect surrogacy. Basically women are emotionally attached to their child when they are in the womb itself so after birth one has to give the child which she carried for months is the difficult part.

KEYWORDS: Surrogation, women, infertility, rights, challenges