A LEGAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS OF SAME SEX MARRAIGE IN INDIA

AUTHOR – PALAK CHETAN GALA, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – PALAK CHETAN GALA, A LEGAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS OF SAME SEX MARRAIGE IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 119-133, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

Anytime we discuss civil and human rights, same-sex marriage is the key measure of equality and fairness. Although there are many industrialized and emerging nations that support marriage equality, India still remains behind in establishing this basic right for LGBTQ+ people. Notwithstanding tremendous leaps in acknowledging LGBTQ+ rights, the lack of legal acknowledgment for same-sex unions continues to harbor discrimination and unfairness.

LOOPHOLES IN TAXATION LAW LEGAL

AUTHOR – FURQAAN HAMEED, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – FURQAAN HAMEED, LOOPHOLES IN TAXATION LAW LEGAL, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 110-118, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

The paper deals with the taxation law explores the structure, impact, and fairness of taxation systems and the loopholes present in it ,it states how the loopholes are exploited by the major copration and wealthy individuals for their own benefit.it  focus on how tax laws are applied, avoided, and perceived by different socioeconomic groups The policies that are made which contains certain gray areas that are identified by high ranking tax advisors which are hidden from the general public and is not easily accessible It highlights the growing disparity caused by tax avoidance strategies employed by wealthy individuals and corporations,   The different strategies used for tax avoidance which  is technically not illegal but raises the question of ethics and morality involved in the system of taxation which also have a political aspect to it 

The paper urges the importance of financial education  so that the general public could be benifitted by it it also states as why it is important to  close the loopholes present in our legal system  along with The affect of these loopholes on the economic stability and  social justice and equality  .

The research emphasizes the broader implications of this imbalance, including underfunded public services,  increased economic inequality which are not good for the overall development of the country The paper sates the urgent need for a  tax reform as a tool for promoting social equity,and  sustainable development, along with the  public trust in the government.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 4: QUALITY EDUCATION IN INDIA

AUTHOR – SHREEYASH DILIP JADHAV, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – SHREEYASH DILIP JADHAV, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 4: QUALITY EDUCATION IN INDIA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 102-109, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

This article tries to discuss steps taken by India to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 4 that is Quality Education. It explores the growth of the education sector, existing strengths and weaknesses, government initiatives, and legal perspectives. It also showcases alarming need to reforms and develop long-term strategy needed to guarantee inclusive, equitable, and high- quality education, aligned with global best practices.

CRIME, CULTURE, AND CINEMA: EXPLORING THE DEPICTION OF CRIME IN WORLD CINEMA AS A REFLECTION OF REALITY AND ARTISTIC EXPRESSION, WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR LEGAL DISCOURSE

AUTHOR – AMALA JOSEPH, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – AMALA JOSEPH, ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN OLD AGE ADULTS IN THE FAMILY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 93-101, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Introduction

Cinema, since the beginning, has not stayed a mere entertainment. It has interfered and rewritten the societal codes that shape human perception of the world. Among the many themes that persistently occupy the cinematic frame, crime holds a place of enduring fascination. It is more than a genre; it is a mirror to society’s deviance, morality, power structures, and justice mechanisms. Crime cinema walks the delicate line between reality and dramatization, between critique and glamorization, often influencing how we perceive criminals, victims, and the law itself.

This research paper, titled “Crime Culture and Cinema: Exploring the Depiction of Crime in World Cinema as a Reflection of Reality and Artistic Expression, with Implications for Legal Discourse”, will look into an interdisciplinary journey. It examines how films from various cultures and eras have portrayed crime. Crime is not just a narrative it is a reflection of socio-political anxieties, cultural identities, and legal complexities. This research aims to understand how cinema not only reflects crime in society but also contributes to its cultural meaning and its normalization or rejection in the particular society

ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN OLD AGE ADULTS IN THE FAMILY

AUTHOR – PRIYASHA, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – PRIYASHA, ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN OLD AGE ADULTS IN THE FAMILY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 82-92, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

ABSTRACT

Domestic violence against elderly individuals within the family context constitutes a grave violation of fundamental rights, subjecting older adults to physical, emotional, financial, and sexual abuse. This abuse occurs in various forms and poses significant legal, social, and psychological challenges for victims, exacerbating their vulnerability and undermining their overall well-being. It is estimated that approximately one in six individuals aged 60 years and older experiences some form of abuse within the family. Moreover, the impact of such abuse is profound, severely affecting the health, dignity, and quality of the life of elderly individuals.

The objective of this research is to critically examine gaps and challenges faced in national legal frameworks that aim to address domestic violence against older adults in the family.

This paper also evaluates the effectiveness of existing legal remedies designed to protect older adults, such as restraining orders, guardianship provisions, and elder protection services. It explores the challenges elderly victims face in accessing justice, including fear of retaliation, social isolation, and cognitive impairments that hinder their ability to report abuse. These barriers further complicate the enforcement of legal protections and remedies.

In conclusion, this study advocates for comprehensive legal reforms aimed at enhancing protections for older adults. It emphasizes the need for a more robust and coordinated response through inter-agency collaboration, ensuring that elder abuse is more effectively prevented, addressed, and prosecuted. Such reforms would not only guarantee the protection of older adults within family environment but also improve their access to justice and uphold their fundamental rights.

BLUE CARBON AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: UNLEASHING THE UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS FOR GLOBAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE

AUTHOR – TUSHAR SUTAR, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – TUSHAR SUTAR, BLUE CARBON AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: UNLEASHING THE UNTAPPED POTENTIAL OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS FOR GLOBAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 69-81, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

As global efforts to combat climate change intensify, blue carbon ecosystems coastal vegetated habitats that sequester significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide, have emerged as a critical, yet underutilized, asset in achieving sustainable development and climate mitigation goals. Despite their ecological and economic significance, the legal frameworks governing blue carbon remain fragmented, inconsistent, and insufficiently equipped to ensure long-term protection, equitable management, and climate resilience. This article critically examines the intersection of blue carbon governance and international environmental law, exposing legal ambiguities, jurisdictional challenges, and human rights concerns that undermine effective stewardship. Employing a doctrinal and comparative methodology, it interrogates gaps within existing regimes such as UNCLOS, the Paris Agreement, and voluntary carbon markets, while advocating for the urgent development of adaptive, rights-based, and equity-focused legal instruments. The study proposes an integrated, forward-looking legal framework that recognizes blue carbon ecosystems as “blue gold” essential to planetary health, socio-economic resilience, and climate justice. It outlines strategic pathways, including the establishment of universal legal definitions, integration of blue carbon into Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), community-centered governance structures, and the deployment of innovative insurance and finance mechanisms. Ultimately, the article contends that strengthening blue carbon law is not merely an environmental necessity but a transformative legal opportunity capable of realigning global legal systems with the imperatives of oceanic stewardship, sustainability, and intergenerational equity.

THE TREATMENT OF TERRORISM SUSPECTS AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL: BALANCING SECURITY AND JUSTICE

AUTHOR – SANA PERWEEN, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – SANA PERWEEN, THE TREATMENT OF TERRORISM SUSPECTS AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL: BALANCING SECURITY AND JUSTICE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 64-68, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

The issue of treating terrorism suspects in national security and in the light of the right to a fair trial is a multifaceted legal and ethical issue. On one hand, governments are obligated to safeguard citizens from terrorist attacks, but it is just as important to ensure that the basic rights of individuals are respected, including the right to a fair and impartial trial. Such equilibrium is frequently subjected to trial when dealing with issues of terrorism, where security justifies the utilization of extraordinary interventions, including preventive detention without trial, surveillance, and the withholding of legal rights. This discussion delves into the conflict between the necessity to implement effective measures against terrorism and the protection of due process protections, examining international and domestic jurisprudence. Through the analysis of milestone case studies and court rulings, the research points to the dilemma faced by courts when it comes to weighing national security concerns against ensuring the protection of personal freedoms. In the end, the paper advocates for a balanced strategy that serves both security and justice alike, keeping in mind that the protection of basic rights is part of what leads to overall stability within any democratic nation.

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY: PRIVACY, DEFAMATION, AND CONSENT­ RESEARCH PROJECT

AUTHOR – ABHINANDHAN .B, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – ABHINANDHAN .B, LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF DEEPFAKE TECHNOLOGY: PRIVACY, DEFAMATION, AND CONSENT¬ RESEARCH PROJECT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 49-63, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

ABSTRACT

Nowadays due to improvement of technology, the growth of deepfake technologies is also very good and due to which there is a rise of legal and ethical issues all over the world. Deepfakes involve manipulation of audio, videos and images we see and hear. The content created with the help of deepfakes are extremely convincing that it is so close to a real image, video or an audio. This research paper explores the legal implications of deepfake technology with a focus on three major concerns: privacy infringement, lack of consent and defamation. This paper analyses how current legal framework in India and how other countries address these issues and challenges and highlights the inadequacy of the existing law in India regarding the issues surrounding deepfake. This paper also deals with ethical consideration surrounding the unauthorized use of personal identity. The main areas where these deepfakes create problems are non-consensual pornography and political misinformation, sometimes it is easy to make people believe that a deepfake content is real as the deepfakes are convincingly good and not all people can figure out the difference between original content and deepfake content. This paper proposes legal reforms, technological solutions and public awareness as main strategies to deal with the consequences of deepfake.

Keywords: Deepfake, Deepfake Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Information Technology, and Privacy Infringement.

BALANCING EQUITY AND MERIT : THE IMPACT OF RESERVATION QUOTAS  ON GENERAL CATEGORY ASPIRANTS IN NATIONAL ENTRANCE EXAMS

AUTHOR – C S SREEDEVI, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – C S SREEDEVI, BALANCING EQUITY AND MERIT : THE IMPACT OF RESERVATION QUOTAS  ON GENERAL CATEGORY ASPIRANTS IN NATIONAL ENTRANCE EXAMS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 37-48, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

India’s reservation system is among the world’s most extensive affirmative action schemes, aimed at redressing centuries-old social and educational imbalances. Based on constitutional provisions, it seeks to enhance access to education and employment for historically disadvantaged groups like Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBC). Gradually, its ambit has been extended to include provisions for the general category’s Economically Weaker Sections (EWS). The effect of reservations on national entrance tests such as JEE and NEET has been widespread and multifaceted. While reservations have increased representation and access for disadvantaged group students, concerns regarding merit, access to unreserved positions, and increased pressure upon general-category aspirants have created widespread debates. Concerns regarding misuse of caste certificates, faulty exclusion of the creamy layer, and regional inequities have emphasised implementation issues. Also, inequalities in the quality of school education, particularly in rural and underprivileged pockets, continue to influence the success of these policies. Specialists contend that without simultaneous enhancements to foundational education, vocational training, and anti-discrimination policies, the complete value of the reservation cannot be achieved. In such a scenario, a balanced response integrating affirmative action with institutional reforms might be called for to balance the aim of substantive equality with fairness and efficiency concerns over access to education.

THE DECLINE OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE: A LEGAL AND POLICY ANALYSIS

AUTHOR – TANYA REJI, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – TANYA REJI, THE DECLINE OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE: A LEGAL AND POLICY ANALYSIS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 27-36, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

India’s economy is predominantly agricultural-based, and half of the country’s population makes a substantial contribution towards the sector. However, due to various factors like socioeconomic, environmental, and policy-related issues have contributed to the sector’s continuous decline in recent decades. The reasons and effects of this decline are examined in this research study, and have also emphasized the laws and policies that govern and regulate India’s agricultural sector. The study will also be exploring important topics such as farm earnings, over-reliance on monsoons, and the increasing rate of farmer suicides and agricultural hardships. The study will be analyzing the current policies and legislations, such as the land reform law, agricultural subsidies, and the minimum support price concept.  The study will be examining the Contended Farm laws of 2020 and their reasons for getting repealed, and how it has affected the farmers’ welfare and agricultural sustainability.  The study will be a combination of doctrinal research and policy analysis, wherein the study would be identifying the problems and weaknesses in the legislative framework. The study has also referred to the environmental regulations and climate change that have aggravated the agricultural problem. The study will be compared with agricultural reforms that have been adopted in other countries in order to understand and make reforms in India also. The research paper delves into establishing reforms that will help in recovering the agricultural sector in India by analyzing and addressing the issues, laws, and policies of the agricultural sector in India.

Introduction- Agriculture has always been the driving force of the Indian economy, giving employment to the people and contributing significantly to the GDP of the country. But the sector has been consistently on the decline over the past decade, which has led to concerns regarding economic stability, rural jobs, and food security. Indian agriculture, which was once a thriving sector, is now, in recent years, being confronted with numerous issues like land degradation, climate change, poor policies, and many more.