“SHUTTING DOWN SPEECH, SHUTTING DOWN GROWTH: MEASURING INDIA’S BILLIONS-DOLLAR LOSS FROM INTERNET SHUTDOWNS”

AUTHOR – SAMRAJ DAVID R, ADVOCATE, MADRAS, HIGH COURT, AS INDEPENDENT AUTHOR

BEST CITATION – SAMRAJ DAVID R, “SHUTTING DOWN SPEECH, SHUTTING DOWN GROWTH: MEASURING INDIA’S BILLIONS-DOLLAR LOSS FROM INTERNET SHUTDOWNS”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 335-346, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

                Based on empirical evidence, this article analyses the legal and economic consequences of state-mandated internet shutdowns in India, portraying these actions as antithetical to democratic values and as causes of substantial economic detriment. From 2012 to 2017, government-imposed disruptions lasting 16,315 hours caused GDP losses of more than US $3.04 billion, including US $2.37 billion from mobile suspensions and US $678.4 million from combined outages. These shutdowns hurt freedom of speech, hurt socioeconomic rights, and make investors less confident. Using elasticity-based econometric research, the study shows that each hour of blackout costs an average of US $186,332, which means that the law needs to be looked at closely and changed.

Keywords; Internet Shutdowns, Antithetical, Democracy, Freedom of Speech, Loss of GDP.

THE INTERSECTION OF AI AND LEGAL SYSTEM

AUTHOR – RASHI SHARMA, STUDENT AT MANAV RACHNA UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – RASHI SHARMA, THE INTERSECTION OF AI AND LEGAL SYSTEM, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 331-334, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence AI technologies is transforming nearly every aspect of society including the legal domain this research paper explores the complex and evolving relationship between AI and law focusing on the legal ethical and regulatory challenges posed by intelligent systems from autonomous decision making and predictive algorithms to generative content and legal tech AI raises profound questions about accountability privacy due process and the role of human judgement in justice the paper examines the education of existing legal frameworks in addressing issues such as liability for m ji ai- driven harm  Intellectual property rights over a I generated content an algorithmic bias in decision making system furthermore it analyses ongoing regulatory Efforts including the European union’s air act and other national approaches to assess how governments are responding to the legal implications of AI by integrating legal theory case studies and comparative regulatory analysis the study aims to for practical recommendations for ensuring that the deployment of AI alliance with fundamental legal principles and human rights ultimately this paper contributes to a more coherent and adaptive legal framework that can govern AI technologies responsibility in the years ahead.   

JUDICIAL REVIEW OF DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS IN CIVIL SERVANTS: SAFEGUARDING FAIRNESS IN ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION

AUTHOR – AISHWARYA S, STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, TNDALU

BEST CITATION – AISHWARYA S, JUDICIAL REVIEW OF DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS IN CIVIL SERVANTS: SAFEGUARDING FAIRNESS IN ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 320-330, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Disciplinary proceedings are integral to upholding accountability, integrity, and efficiency in civil services. However, these proceedings, often initiated and concluded by administrative authorities, carry the risk of misuse, arbitrariness, or procedural unfairness. In this context, judicial review serves as a vital safeguard, ensuring that the rights of civil servants are protected and that administrative actions adhere to constitutional and legal standards.  This paper explores the role and scope of judicial review in the context of disciplinary proceedings against civil servants. While the disciplinary authority possesses the right to initiate and impose penalties for misconduct, such powers must be exercised within the framework of legality, reasonableness, and procedural propriety. Courts, through judicial review, assess whether administrative decisions respect fundamental legal principles such as natural justice, proportionality, and absence of mala fide intent.  The paper delves into the core grounds on which judicial review is permissible: violation of natural justice (including the right to a fair hearing and impartiality), illegality (exceeding legal authority), irrationality (Wednesbury unreasonableness), and disproportionate punishment. It also highlights the limitations of judicial review in service matters, emphasizing that courts do not function as appellate bodies and do not substitute their judgment for that of the disciplinary authority unless the process is demonstrably flawed.  Drawing from key judicial decisions and constitutional provisions (notably Article 311 in India), the article underscores how the judiciary has shaped the contours of service jurisprudence. Ultimately, judicial review acts not only as a check against arbitrary administrative action but also as a mechanism to balance institutional discipline with individual rights. The study concludes that a robust judicial review framework enhances the legitimacy of disciplinary proceedings and reinforces the broader values of rule of law and good governance in public administration.

Keywords:  Natural Justice,  Proportionality,  Wednesbury unreasonableness,  Article 311, Administrative Discretion.

INTERSECTION OF LAW AND SUSTAINABILITY: A PATHWAY FOR INDUSTRIES

AUTHOR – AMAN CHAUDHARY* & D.DR. LAKSHMI PRIYA VINJAMURI**

* STUDENT AT LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY

** PROF. OF LAW COLLEGE DEHRADUN, UTTARANCHAL UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – AMAN CHAUDHARY & D.DR. LAKSHMI PRIYA VINJAMURI, INTERSECTION OF LAW AND SUSTAINABILITY: A PATHWAY FOR INDUSTRIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (10) OF 2025, PG. 310-319, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

In today’s world, where environmental degradation, economic instability, and rapid social change dominate global discourse, I believe the convergence of law and sustainability has become a pivotal force in redefining the trajectory of industrial development. In this paper, I explore how legal systems—at both national and international levels—can either facilitate or hinder sustainable progress within industries. From my research, I realized that existing laws on environmental protection, human rights, corporate accountability, and innovation require a critical reassessment when viewed through the lens of sustainability. This study delves into major treaties, policy frameworks, judicial decisions, and current corporate practices to evaluate whether our present legal infrastructure truly promotes sustainability or merely pays it lip service. Along the way, I raise some uncomfortable yet essential questions: Are industries genuinely capable of regulating themselves without external checks? Should sustainability remain a matter of ethical discretion, or must it evolve into a binding legal duty? After reflecting on these issues, I argue that inclusive, forward-thinking, and enforceable legal interventions hold the potential to shift industries from being contributors to ecological harm to becoming champions of sustainable innovation.

CLEAN WATER, CLEAN RIGHTS: EXAMINING THE LEGAL IMPERATIVE OF SDG 6 IN INDIA (FOCUS: CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION – GOAL 6)

AUTHOR – HARSH BHADANI, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – HARSH BHADANI, CLEAN WATER, CLEAN RIGHTS: EXAMINING THE LEGAL IMPERATIVE OF SDG 6 IN INDIA (FOCUS: CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION – GOAL 6), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 318-322, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

Access to clean water and sanitation is not just a developmental goal, it is a fundamental human right. This article explores the legal dimensions of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) in the Indian context, analyzing how national laws, policies, and judicial interventions support the realization of universal access to safe water and sanitation. It critically examines the role of constitutional rights, environmental laws, and government schemes in advancing SDG 6, while highlighting existing challenges such as water pollution, inequitable access, and regulatory gaps. The paper underscores the need for stronger legal enforcement, inter-agency coordination, and community participation to meet the 2030 targets. By aligning legal frameworks with SDG 6, India can ensure not only improved public health and environmental sustainability but also uphold the dignity and rights of its citizens.

AMARAVATI CAPITAL PROJECT: LEGAL REFORMS TO ENSURE CONTINUITY & PROTECT FARMERS’ RIGHTS BEYOND POLITICAL TRANSITIONS

AUTHOR – MANNE KEERTHIVARDHAN, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – MANNE KEERTHIVARDHAN, AMARAVATI CAPITAL PROJECT: LEGAL REFORMS TO ENSURE CONTINUITY & PROTECT FARMERS’ RIGHTS BEYOND POLITICAL TRANSITIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 309-317, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

ABSTRACT

The Amaravati capital project has suffered severe distress because of political metamorphosis, beginning with its launch in 2015, then the 2019 policy reversal, and the 2025 comeback. Prima facie, this instability spells out an acute necessity of protection of long-term infrastructure projects from the volatility of politics. By reviewing the Amaravati case, this study finds major gaps in protection of the farmers’ rights and continuation of projects under APCRDA Act and RFCTLARR Act, 2013. Telling recommendations suggest legally enforceable farmer agreements with land-for-land compensation and annuity payments guaranteed, constitutional guards against arbitrary cancellation of proposed projects, and an arm’s length oversight authority ensuring transparency in implementation. By studying models such as the Dholera SIR of Gujarat and best practices of the world, the research provides practical solutions to moderate the needs of development with protection of stakeholders. These reforms seek the stability of policies that can withstand state transitions and guarantee farmers’ livelihoods – important lessons for sustainable urban development and infrastructure governance in India.

KEYWORDS: Amaravati, Land acquisition, Farmers’ rights, Political continuity, Legal safeguards, Infrastructure policy

“CRIME AND DRUG CONNECTION”

AUTHOR – UBAISH RIZVI, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – UBAISH RIZVI, “CRIME AND DRUG CONNECTION”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 303-308, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

ABSTRACT

The relationship between drug use and criminal behavior is a complex and enduring issue that impacts societies worldwide. Drug abuse not only leads to direct offenses such as possession and trafficking but also indirectly contributes to crimes like theft, assault, and gang violence. Many individuals, driven by addiction, engage in illegal activities to support their substance use. Additionally, the illicit drug market encourages systemic violence, corruption, and organized crime.

The psychopharmacological effects of drugs can impair judgment and increase aggressive behavior, further linking drug use to criminal acts. Social factors such as poverty, unemployment, and lack of education often intensify the connection between drugs and crime, creating cycles that are difficult to break. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive approach that combines prevention, law enforcement, rehabilitation, and community support. Understanding the intricate bond between drugs and crime is crucial for developing effective policies that promote public safety and social stability.

X’S (FORMERLY AS TWITTER) TERMS & CONDITIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DEBATE OF PRIVACY AND DATA OWNERSHIP

AUTHOR – SHERLYN ELIZEBETH SANTHOSH, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – SHERLYN ELIZEBETH SANTHOSH, BLEEDING BOUNDARIES : RELIGION , RIGHTS AND RESTRICTIONS, AND REMEDIES, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 284-302, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

This research paper explores the evolution of X’s (formerly Twitter) Terms and Conditions, specifically the 2024 revision, and discusses its implications for user privacy, ownership of data, and legal underpinnings of digital consent. The study explores the platform’s evolution through a multi-layered analysis, evaluating recent policy changes critically as markers of broader patterns in surveillance capitalism and corporate data supremacy. It compares the viability of user consent in these models to the counterarguments made by platform proponents and the dominant behaviours of major tech companies. Additionally, it analyses the legal protections that are in place in India and around the world and looks at emerging data vulnerabilities such as chatbot flaws, AI training methods, and third-party access. In order to gather real concerns and awareness, it uses user replies and an impartial poll to gauge public opinion. In addition to analysis, this paper offers policy suggestions for redistributing power between platforms and users, including stronger transparency requirements, clearer consent procedures, and legislative adjustments to safeguard digital rights. Finally, the study demands for a digital governance approach that is more equitable and responsible.

INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF WOMEN UNDER HINDU SUCCESSION ACT: A CRITICAL STUDY

AUTHOR – PRAGYA MATHUR, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – PRAGYA MATHUR, INHERITANCE RIGHTS OF WOMEN UNDER HINDU SUCCESSION ACT: A CRITICAL STUDY, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 276-283, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

ABSTRACT

The present paper critically analyzes the development of property rights of Hindu women in India with special emphasis on the effects of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956 (HSA) and the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 (HSAA). In the past, Hindu women enjoyed very limited rights of inheritance, being socially and economically inferior to men. The institution of coparcenary property, a special category of joint family property, classically limited inheritance by birth to male lineal descendants. The Hindu Women’s Right to Property Act of 1937 granted limited rights, mostly to widows. The passing of the HSA in 1956 was a turning point by acknowledging the property rights of Hindu women and instituting ideas such as testamentary and intestate succession, and absolute ownership under Section 14, instead of limited estates. The 1956 Act did not initially confer coparcenary rights by birth on daughters over ancestral property. Realizing that this gender bias had to be eliminated and in accordance with principles of constitutional equality, the HSAA 2005 was introduced. This historic amendment granted daughters the status of coparceners by birth, with rights and liabilities being the same as sons in coparcenary property. Despite these progressive legal changes, challenges in implementation and interpretation persist, including issues regarding the retrospective effect of the amendment, the impact of partition, and societal resistance rooted in patriarchal norms. In addition, the provisions of intestate succession of a Hindu woman under Section 15 of the HSA 1956 have been criticized on grounds of discrimination, and the husband’s heirs usually take preference over her family of birth, even for self-acquired property. This article critically discusses these pressing issues and concerns by examining the pertinent provisions, landmark judicial decisions such as Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma and Arunachala Gounder (dead) By Lrs v. Ponnusamy, and throwing light on the ongoing struggle for gender justice and social reform towards realizing real equality in Hindu succession laws. Keywords: Female Coparcenary, Female Inheritence, Judicial Interpretation, Gender Discrimination, Hindu Succession Act 1956, HSAA 2005, Intestate Succession, Property Rights, Social Reform

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – SDG-15: LIFE ON LAND

AUTHOR – SOURIN VED, STUDENT AT AMITY LAW SCHOOL, AMITY UNIVERSITY, MUMBAI

BEST CITATION – SOURIN VED, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS – SDG-15: LIFE ON LAND, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (9) OF 2025, PG. 269-275, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

This article is published in the collaborated special issue of Amity Law School, Amity University, Mumbai and the Institute of Legal Education (ILE), titled “Emerging Trends in Law: Exploring Recent Developments and Reforms” (ISBN: 978-81-986345-1-1).

Abstract

This article examines the critical role of international law in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 15 (SDG 15), “Life on Land,” which focuses on protecting, restoring, and promoting the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, managing forests, combating desertification, halting biodiversity loss, and reversing land degradation. It explores key international legal frameworks such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). The article assesses the progress made towards SDG 15, highlighting significant challenges such as inadequate implementation, financial shortfalls, and conflicting interests. Through a case study on combating wildlife trafficking via CITES, it underscores the practical difficulties in enforcement and the need for enhanced international cooperation. Recent developments, including the outcomes of the Nineteenth Session of the UN Forum on Forests (May 2024), are discussed as steps towards accelerating progress. The article concludes by proposing solutions such as strengthening enforcement mechanisms, increasing financial support, integrating scientific data into policy-making, and fostering public participation. Ultimately, while international law provides a robust foundation, its effectiveness hinges on robust implementation, political will, and innovative approaches to address emerging threats.