LIFE OF CHILDREN IN BROTHELS (PARENTAGE OF CHILDREN, EDUCATION AND DISCRIMINATION)

AUTHOR – PIYUSH SINGH* & DEEPANSHI SINGHAL**

* LAW STUDENT (FINAL-YEAR B.A. LL.B.) – ASIAN LAW COLLEGE, NOIDA

* ADVOCATE – BAR COUNCIL OF DELHI

BEST CITATION – PIYUSH SINGH & DEEPANSHI SINGHAL, LIFE OF CHILDREN IN BROTHELS (PARENTAGE OF CHILDREN, EDUCATION AND DISCRIMINATION), INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 744-751, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

Prostitutes have always been an unrecognised and taboo social group. Their community is often stigmatised and they seldom receive any aids or that would benefit them and wholly improve their lives. Because of the widespread, negative stereotypes surrounding the brothel industry, this line of work receives very little attention from the rest of society, even though the profession is legally recognised in India. Children are also a part of this defenceless group, who end up therein, owing to a variety of circumstances. Some are born into such a life, while some are forced into human trafficking and others, due to lack of sense of identity. The life of children in brothels is a distressing and complex issue that demands urgent attention and intervention. This research paper attempts to shed light on the lives of children born and raised in India’s red-light brothel districts, and examines three critical aspects of their existence, from a socio-legal point of view: parentage of children, education, and discrimination. To begin with, significant difficulties arise with determining the paternity of the children born in brothels. The paternity of these children is typically unclear or unknown, and their mothers are frequently exploited sex workers. There is a vicious cycle of vulnerability and social exclusion that is perpetuated when children do not have access to secure and supportive parental figures. Secondly, children who are raised in brothels often have their schooling seriously disrupted. Because of their marginalized status and the inherent stigma connected with their situation, these kids face considerable challenges in receiving formal education. The cycle of sex labour and poverty that these children are born into is only reinforced by the lack of education they receive. Lastly, the prejudice and discrimination that these children face is the final straw that pushes them over the edge. These kids are often treated harshly and excluded from mainstream society because of the stigma attached to them. They are frequently denied the opportunity to get healthcare, protection, and social inclusion. More often than not, they remain undiscovered and unacknowledged, since no one has ever visited there other than aid workers and government officials. They are already extremely vulnerable, and discrimination makes it much harder for them to stop the cycle of exploitation.  It will take diversified strategies to improve the conditions under which children in brothels live. Protection and rehabilitation of these children must be top priorities, and they must have access to secure, nurturing environment. They need to have the opportunity to receive education so they may build the foundational skills and knowledge they’ll need to succeed in the future. Also, awareness campaigns and advocacy work are needed to change the way people in general see these kids. The first step in securing the bright future of these children is acknowledging they exist. It is only by concerted effort and comprehensive strategies that we can hope to make a difference in the lives of these vulnerable children and end the vicious cycle of exploitation and exclusion from which they suffer.

WITNESS PROTECTION AS A PILLAR OF FAIR TRIAL: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

AUTHOR – CHARUMATHI. T* & VAISHALI T**

* STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (TNDALU)

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LAW DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE ADMINISTRATION, SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW, TAMILNADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (TNDALU)

BEST CITATION – CHARUMATHI. T & VAISHALI T, WITNESS PROTECTION AS A PILLAR OF FAIR TRIAL: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 732-743, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT:

Witnesses’ ability to give testimony without fear or intimidation is one of the key contributors to the image of the criminal justice system. Yet, in India, witnesses usually suffer threats, harassment, and inducements that compromise the process of a fair trial. The present research paper is an analysis of the development and importance of witness protection in the Indian criminal justice system. It follows the historical background and development of the different modes of witness identity protection, varying from anonymity and rehousing to in-camera hearing. The research examines the existing statutory framework, court precedents, and the enactment of the Witness Protection Scheme, 2018, as the first holistic endeavor towards institutionalizing protective steps for witnesses. In addition, it assesses the kinds of protections offered—such as physical security, identity alteration, and procedural protections—along with their shortcomings in real-world implementation. The article also addresses the suggestions of the Law Commission of India, especially its focus on balancing the accused’s rights with ensuring a safe environment for witnesses. In the process, it pinpoints loopholes like insufficient finance, absence of public awareness, and scanty enforcement provisions. The research sums up by making suggestions to beef up the scheme such as statutes’ enactment, improved coordination between police and judiciary, and adoption of global best practices. Finally, the paper contends that an effective witness protection system is crucial to uphold the credibility of trials, safeguard human rights, and dispensation of justice.

keywords: criminal justice system, witness, fair trial, law commission, dispensation of justice

CORRECTING & MODIFYING ARBITRAL AWARDS: THE LIMITATIONS OF SECTION 33 & THE DOCTRINE OF FUNCTUS OFFICIO

AUTHOR – HARINI S, III YEAR LLB, SATHYABAMA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – HARINI S, CORRECTING & MODIFYING ARBITRAL AWARDS: THE LIMITATIONS OF SECTION 33 & THE DOCTRINE OF FUNCTUS OFFICIO, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 724-731, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

This paper examines the intricate relationship between Section 33 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, and the doctrine of functus officio in the context of correcting and modifying arbitral awards in India. The research analyzes the statutory limitations imposed on arbitral tribunals’ post-award jurisdiction, the recent judicial developments following the Supreme Court’s landmark decision in Gayatri Balasamy v. ISG Novasoft Technologies Limited, and the evolving jurisprudence surrounding the scope of correction versus modification of arbitral awards. Through a comprehensive analysis of case laws and statutory provisions, this paper argues that while Section 33 provides a narrow window for correction of specific types of errors, the functus officio doctrine continues to play a crucial role in maintaining the finality of arbitral awards, subject to limited exceptions recognized by recent judicial pronouncements.

Keywords: Arbitral Awards, Section 33, Functus Officio, Award Correction, Judicial Modification

COMPARING INDIA’S DATA PROTECTION LAWS WITH THE EU AND US IN THE DIGITAL ERA

AUTHOR – SANJAY A. MULIK* & DR. R K GUPTA**

* RESEARCH SCHOLAR, NIILM UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF NIILM UNIVERSITY, KAITHAL

** RESEARCH GUIDE, NIILM UNIVERSITY, DEPARTMENT OF NIILM UNIVERSITY, KAITHAL

BEST CITATION – SANJAY A. MULIK & DR. R K GUPTA, COMPARING INDIA’S DATA PROTECTION LAWS WITH THE EU AND US IN THE DIGITAL ERA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 711-723, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

Globally, technology has developed rapidly in recent decades as the internet has become ubiquitous and has eroded geographic barriers to information flow. We have become increasingly dependent on data as our lives become increasingly connected. Data plays a crucial role in every aspect of our daily lives, from social media to banking to retail. Due to the increased interconnectedness, individuals must have control over their personal information. Various sectors in India are being digitized, and the digital India program has been launched, making it one of the world’s largest economies. In response to growing concerns about personal data protection, the Indian government has introduced a number of laws. In its preamble, this bill’s preamble seeks to explain how individual privacy rights, as well as individual data, are protected in a rapidly technologically developing country such as India. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency and challenge of applying data protection law. This dissertation compares Indian law with that of the European Union and the United States in order to determine the scope of improvements based on data protection principles. Rights of individuals, accountability measures for data processors, and remedies for data breaches include enforcement mechanisms, individual rights, and rights for data processors. This will be a fundamental issue in this digital age, and countries must take major steps towards resolving it. We will try to improve the Indian legal framework to gain a better understanding of the grey areas where it may have complex issues.

Keywords: Digital Data Protection, Privacy, Data protection, European Union, Personal Data;

FROM PUNISHMENT TO PROTECTION THE PROCEDURAL AND SUBSTANTIVE SHIFT IN INDIA’S APPROACH TO ATTEMPTED SUICIDE UNDER THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023

AUTHOR – FATMA AL ZAHRA* & MS. T VAISHALI**

* STUDENT AT TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY ** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT TAMIL NADU DR. AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – FATMA AL ZAHRA & MS. T VAISHALI, FROM PUNISHMENT TO PROTECTION THE PROCEDURAL AND SUBSTANTIVE SHIFT IN INDIA’S APPROACH TO ATTEMPTED SUICIDE UNDER THE BHARATIYA NYAYA SANHITA, 2023, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 698-710, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 introduces a marked departure from the previous criminal procedure regime by omitting the penal provision for attempted suicide that existed under Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860. This shift signifies a broader transformation in the State’s approach—moving away from criminal prosecution toward a framework grounded in care and mental health support. This article examines the legal implications of this omission, particularly in the context of procedural changes that arise from the transition from the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 to the BNSS. It contextualises the change within a wider judicial and legislative narrative, drawing on decisions such as Gian Kaur v. State of Punjab and Common Cause v. Union of India, and explores the interplay with the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, which presumes mental illness in cases of attempted suicide and bars punitive treatment. The paper argues that the legislative intent behind this reform reflects a constitutional and humanitarian reorientation, and considers whether existing institutional structures are adequately equipped to address the rehabilitative needs of persons who attempt suicide.

Keywords: Attempted Suicide, Section 309 IPC, Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, Mental Healthcare Act 2017, Right to Life, Article 21, Decriminalization.

“A LEGAL DILEMMA BETWEEN FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE AND ENTITLEMENT, FOR ALIMONY IN WORKING WOMEN”

AUTHORS – SUJA J* & RAMHAAREDDI S**

* BALLB (HONS), LLM CHENNAI DR. AMBEDKAR LAW COLLEGE PUDHUPAKKAM

** BA. LLB , LLM  CHENNAI DR. AMBEDKAR GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE, PUDUPAKKAM.

BEST CITATION – SUJA J & RAMHAAREDDI S, “A LEGAL DILEMMA BETWEEN FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE AND ENTITLEMENT, FOR ALIMONY IN WORKING WOMEN”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 690-696, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Alimony, traditionally conceived as a means of financial protection for women after the dissolution of marriage, has become a subject of renewed debate in light of women’s growing participation in the workforce and increasing economic independence. The dilemma lies in balancing the principle of entitlement to maintenance, which arises from the marital bond, with the reality of financial independence achieved by many women today. Indian legal provisions under the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Hindu Marriage Act, and allied statutes recognize a woman’s right to claim maintenance, while judicial interpretations have sought to balance necessity, fairness, and dignity. Recent case law demonstrates a shift from unconditional entitlement to a more nuanced evaluation of factors such as earning capacity, standard of living, wage disparity, and caregiving responsibilities. This paper critically examines the legal and social complexities of alimony for working women. It argues that while financial independence may reduce dependency, socio-economic inequalities and the invisible burden of unpaid care work continue to justify maintenance in many cases. The study concludes that a contextual, case-specific approach, guided by principles of equity and gender justice, is necessary to reconcile the tension between financial independence and entitlement in contemporary family law. By examining statutory provisions, case law, and feminist jurisprudence, the study highlights the necessity of striking a balance between entitlement and autonomy to achieve justice in matrimonial disputes.

“REPRODUCTIVE AUTONOMY AND LEGAL ACCESS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ABORTION RIGHTS FOR UNMARRIED AND MINOR WOMEN IN INDIA.”

AUTHORS – RAMHAAREDDI S* & SUJA J**

* BA. LLB , LLM  CHENNAI DR. AMBEDKAR GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE, PUDUPAKKAM.

** BALLB (HONS), LLM CHENNAI DR. AMBEDKAR LAW COLLEGE PUDHUPAKKAM

BEST CITATION – RAMHAAREDDI S & SUJA J, “REPRODUCTIVE AUTONOMY AND LEGAL ACCESS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF ABORTION RIGHTS FOR UNMARRIED AND MINOR WOMEN IN INDIA.”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 684-689, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

                    Reproductive autonomy forms the cornerstone of gender equality and human dignity, yet in India, the legal and social frameworks surrounding abortion continue to reflect deeply entrenched biases against unmarried and minor women. While the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971, and its subsequent amendments mark significant progress in expanding access to abortion, their implementation often remains mediated by stigma, medical gatekeeping, and restrictive legal interpretations. Historically, the law has privileged married women’s reproductive rights, framing abortion primarily within the context of marital legitimacy and maternal health, thereby rendering unmarried women legally invisible and socially marginalized. For minors, the situation is further complicated by the intersection of the MTP Act with the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, which mandates reporting of all underage sexual activity. This creates a chilling effect, deterring minors from accessing safe abortions due to fear of criminal proceedings, parental disclosure, and loss of privacy.  Through a critical analysis of jurisprudence, including this study highlights the judiciary’s evolving role in extending abortion rights beyond traditional marital boundaries and in recognizing autonomy, privacy, and equality under the Indian Constitution. However, despite progressive judicial interventions, practical barriers it ranging from lack of awareness to denial of services by healthcare providers all there continue to impede meaningful access for unmarried and minor women. This research argues for a rights-based and inclusive reproductive health framework in India that balances the state’s protective obligations with individual autonomy. It emphasizes the need to dismantle social stigma, harmonize conflicting legal provisions, and recognize abortion not as a moral or medical concession but as a fundamental human right integral to equality, dignity, and bodily integrity. By foregrounding the lived experiences of unmarried and minor women, the paper contributes to feminist legal scholarship and advocates for reforms that align domestic laws with international human rights standards, ensuring safe, stigma-free, and accessible reproductive healthcare for all women in India

A STUDY ON TAX EVASION AND FALSE ACCOUNTING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INCOME TAX ACT, 1961

AUTHOR – A.MOHAMED FAHIM* & Mr.M.DHINESH ,LLM ,MBA**

* STUDENT AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES(SIMATS), CHENNAI-600 007

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SAVEETHA SCHOOL OF LAW, SAVEETHA MEDICAL AND TECHNICAL SCIENCES(SIMATS), CHENNAI-600 007

BEST CITATION – A.MOHAMED FAHIM & Mr.M.DHINESH, A STUDY ON TAX EVASION AND FALSE ACCOUNTING WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INCOME TAX ACT, 1961, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 670-683, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT:

Tax Evasion is an illegal way to minimize tax liability through fraudulent techniques like deliberate under-statement of taxable income or inflating expenses. It is an unlawful attempt to reduce one’s tax burden. Tax Evasion is done with a motive of showing fewer profits in order to avoid tax burden.Whereas False accounting fraud involves an employee or an organisation altering, destroying or defacing any account; or presenting accounts from an individual or an organisation so they don’t reflect their true value or the financial activities of that company.The major objectives of the study is to believe that addressing tax evasion and false accounting is crucial for maintaining a fair and transparent financial system.The research method followed here is am empirical research.A total of 205 samples have been collected out of which all samples have been collected through a convenient sampling method.The sample frame is taken in and around Chennai by online google forms.The independent variables are Age,Gender,Occupation,Place of residenceThe statistical tool graph represented.The major findings of this paper is all about the tax evasion and false accounting.Therefore,in summary, tax evasion happens when individuals or businesses play tricky games to lower their taxes. This could lead to hefty fines according to the Income Tax Act of 1961. It’s important to do things right and pay the proper amount of tax to steer clear of major financial problems.

Keywords:Tax evasion, False accounting, Financial System, Fraudulent techniques

COASTAL REGULATION AND FISHERFOLK RIGHTS IN KERALA

AUTHOR – ABHIRAM B H, LLM STUDENT AT SREE NARAYANA LAW COLLEGE, POOTHOTTA (AFFILIATED TO MG UNIVERSITY)

BEST CITATION – ABHIRAM B H, COASTAL REGULATION AND FISHERFOLK RIGHTS IN KERALA, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 665-669, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

This article examines the evolving legal framework governing coastal regulation in Kerala with specific emphasis on the livelihood and customary rights of traditional fishing communities. Kerala’s coastline, while ecologically fragile and vulnerable to climate change, also functions as an essential socio-economic resource for thousands of fisherfolk. The study analyses the implementation of the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, and highlights its dual role in environmental conservation and protection of livelihood rights. It identifies major legal issues such as displacement due to tourism and infrastructure projects, weak enforcement of CRZ norms, lack of participatory planning, and the growing impact of coastal erosion. Drawing on judicial decisions delivered by the Kerala High Court and the Supreme Court, the article demonstrates how constitutional principles including the right to life and the doctrine of public trust have been invoked in defence of coastal communities. The paper argues that effective coastal governance in Kerala must go beyond technocratic regulation and encompass a rights-based, participatory approach that integrates ecological sustainability with distributive justice.

URANIUM AND FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION IN UP’S GROUNDWATER: HEALTH RISKS AND LEGAL INTERVENTIONS

AUTHORS – AABIL HUSAIN* & DR. MANEESH YADAV**

* PH.D. RESEARCH SCHOLAR, COLLEGE OF LAW & LEGAL STUDIES, TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER UNIVERSITY, MORADABAD, INDIA

** PROFESSOR, COLLEGE OF LAW & LEGAL STUDIES, TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER UNIVERSITY, MORADABAD, INDIA

BEST CITATION – AABIL HUSAIN & DR. MANEESH YADAV, URANIUM AND FLUORIDE CONTAMINATION IN UP’S GROUNDWATER: HEALTH RISKS AND LEGAL INTERVENTIONS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (11) OF 2025, PG. 655-664, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

Abstract

Groundwater contamination by means of geogenic elements like uranium and fluoride poses a extensive public health disaster in several districts of Uttar Pradesh (UP), India. This research paper investigates the extent and spatial distribution of uranium and fluoride contamination in UP’s groundwater, analyzes the related fitness dangers, and severely evaluates the efficacy of present prison and coverage interventions. utilizing secondary data from government reports, clinical research, and criminal files, this paper highlights the disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations and the long-time period fitness consequences, consisting of skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, nephrotoxicity, and capacity carcinogenic results from uranium publicity. The evaluation of legal interventions focuses on the Uttar Pradesh Groundwater (control and law) Act, 2019, relevant environmental laws, and the role of judicial pronouncements, particularly by way of the national inexperienced Tribunal (NGT) and the high Courts, in addressing this infection. The paper examines the strengths and obstacles of these felony frameworks in ensuring access to safe drinking water and preserving polluters responsible. Moreover, it explores the demanding situations in implementing powerful mitigation strategies and the want for a greater incorporated and multi-stakeholder approach involving public health organizations, environmental regulators, and neighborhood communities. eventually, the paper proposes guidelines for strengthening legal and policy frameworks, improving tracking mechanisms, selling community participation, and ensuring the supply of sustainable and safe drinking water solutions to the affected areas of Uttar Pradesh.

Keywords: Uranium Contamination, Fluoride Contamination, Groundwater, Uttar Pradesh, Legal Interventions, Environmental Law