TOXICOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN FORENSIC PHARMACOLOGY: LEGAL AND SCIENTIFIC INTERFACES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE

AUTHOR – HARINI P,STUDENT AT SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW (SOEL), THE TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY CHENNAI

BEST CITATION – HARINI P, TOXICOLOGICAL EVIDENCE IN FORENSIC PHARMACOLOGY: LEGAL AND SCIENTIFIC INTERFACES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (4) OF 2026, PG. 856-874, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Toxicological evidence plays a pivotal role in forensic pharmacology, particularly in criminal investigations involving poisoning, drug-related offences, and unexplained deaths. This research paper explores the scientific and legal dimensions of toxicological evidence, evaluating its admissibility, reliability, and application in criminal trials. The intersection of forensic pharmacology and law raises significant questions about evidentiary standards, ethical concerns, and procedural safeguards. Through an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses case laws, statutory provisions, and comparative legal analysis across jurisdictions such as India, the United States, and the United Kingdom, this paper investigates how courts assess expert toxicological testimony, the impact of advancements in pharmacological testing, and challenges in interpretation. The research further highlights real- world case studies where toxicological evidence was central to conviction or acquittal. Emphasis is placed on the evolving role of forensic toxicologists and the necessity for legal actors to understand the limitations and potential of such scientific inputs. By critically analyzing the interface between science and criminal law, the study advocates for standardised protocols, enhanced cross-disciplinary training, and stronger legal safeguards to ensure justice.