ANALYTICAL STUDY OF FIREARMS & BALLISTICS

AUTHOR – DHARANI. S, STUDENT AT TAMILNADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY

BEST CITATION – DHARANI. S, ANALYTICAL STUDY OF FIREARMS & BALLISTICS, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 5 (12) OF 2025, PG. 805-814, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344

ABSTRACT

The study of firearms and ballistics plays a critical role in both forensic science and the broader field of criminal investigation. Firearms, as mechanical devices designed to launch projectiles, are intricately linked with the principles of ballistics – a branch of physics that analyzes the motion, behavior, and effects of projectiles. This analytical study explores the four primary domains of ballistics: internal, external, terminal, and forensic. Internal ballistics investigates the processes occurring within the firearm during discharge, while external ballistics addresses the trajectory and stability of a bullet in flight. Terminal ballistics focuses on the interaction between the bullet and the target, often involving wound analysis. Forensic ballistics, an applied subfield, is essential in crime scene reconstruction and firearm identification. This study also examines the classification of firearms, the components of ammunition, and the scientific techniques used to analyze ballistic evidence. Methods such as comparison microscopy, gunshot residue analysis, and trajectory reconstruction are evaluated for their effectiveness in forensic applications. Additionally, the research highlights current advancements in the field, including 3D imaging, automated ballistic identification systems, and the integration of artificial intelligence. By integrating mechanical, chemical, and physical analyses, this paper demonstrates how firearm and ballistic studies contribute to justice delivery, weapon development, and public safety. The comprehensive understanding of ballistics not only aids law enforcement agencies but also enhances legal accountability through scientific validation of firearm-related evidence.

Keywords: Firearms, Ballistics, Forensic Ballistics, Internal Ballistics, External Ballistics, Terminal Ballistics, Gunshot Residue (GSR), Ammunition, Trajectory, Crime Scene Investigation.